© Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

架构师提供的文本描述。“甜水光谱”是一种为自闭症成年人提供支持性住房的新的国家模式，提供有目的和尊严的生活。由莱迪梅顿史泰西建筑师设计，2.8英亩的土地为16名成年人和他们的辅助人员提供了一个永久的家。这四套3250平方英尺的四卧室住宅包括公共区域以及每个居民的卧室和浴室。“甜水光谱”还包括一个2300平方英尺的社区中心，有锻炼/活动空间和教学厨房；一个大型治疗池和水疗中心；以及一个城市农场、果园和温室。

Text description provided by the architects. Sweetwater Spectrum is a new national model of supportive housing for adults with autism, offering life with purpose and dignity. Designed by Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects, the 2.8-acre site provides a permanent home for 16 adults and their support staff. The four 3,250-square-foot four-bedroom homes include common areas as well as a bedroom and bathroom for each resident. Sweetwater Spectrum also incorporates a 2,300-square-foot community center with exercise/activity spaces and a teaching kitchen; a large therapy pool and spas; and an urban farm, orchard, and greenhouse.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

孤独症是美国发展最快的残疾，每88名儿童中就有1名受到影响。在未来的十年里，多达50万患有自闭症的儿童将进入成年期，但他们几乎没有选择居住的机会。2009年，一群患有孤独症儿童的家庭、自闭症专业人士和社区领袖成立了非营利组织“甜心频谱”，为患有自闭症的成年人创造合适的、高质量的长期住房，这种方式可以在全国范围内推广。新社区旨在满足自闭症谱系障碍患者的各种需要，最大限度地提高居民的发展和独立性。

Autism is the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States, affecting 1 in 88 children. In the coming decade, as many as 500,000 children with autism will reach adulthood, yet few residential options exist for them. In 2009, a group of families with autistic children, autism professionals, and community leaders founded the nonprofit organization Sweetwater Spectrum to create appropriate, high-quality, long-term housing for adults with autism in a way that could be replicated nationwide. The new community is designed to address the full range of needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, maximizing residents’ development and independence.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

以前未开发的街区包裹位于距历史悠久的索诺马镇广场几个街区处，靠近公共交通和自行车小径。新社区必须为居民和工作人员提供安全保障，并通过志愿活动和外联项目与社区和社区进行适当接触。

The previously undeveloped midblock parcel lies a few blocks from the historic Sonoma Town Square, close to public transit and bicycle trails. The new community had to be safe and secure for the residents and staff and also provide for appropriate engagement with the neighborhood and community through volunteer activities and outreach projects.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

根据亚利桑那州立大学星尘中心(Stardust Center)和建筑学院(SchoolofArchitecture)开展的一项研究，该设计借鉴了为自闭症成年人建造住房的基于证据的设计指南。安全和保障是最重要的，健康、耐用的材料在整个过程中得到使用。个人可以定制他们的个人居住空间，以适应他们的喜好和特殊需要。主要设计战略包括：

The design drew on evidence-based design guidelines for creating housing for adults with autism, as identified in a research study conducted by the Arizona State University Stardust Center and School of Architecture. Safety and security are paramount, and healthy, durable materials are used throughout. Individuals may customize their personal living spaces to accommodate their preferences and particular needs. Major design strategies included the following:

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

清晰性：一个简单一致的空间组织提供了在公共、半私有和私人空间之间明确定义的过渡阈值。

Legibility: A straightforward and consistent spatial organization provides clearly defined transition thresholds between public, semi-public, semi-private, and private spaces.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

体验层次：该设计提供了一个分层或“嵌套”的体验层次，从单独的房间开始；扩展到有两间卧室的住宅侧翼，然后扩展到有四名居民的住宅；向外扩展到两栋住宅、社区中心和公共住宅以及其他两座住宅的子社区；最后扩展到更广泛的社区。

Experiential Hierarchy: The design offers a layered or “nested” experiential hierarchy, beginning with the individual room; expanding to a residential wing with two bedrooms and then to the house with four residents; expanding outward to the sub-neighborhood of two homes, the community center and commons, and the other two homes; and finally extending to the broader community.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

预览和退却：居民有机会预览空间和活动，他们可以进入静修场所安静和平静。

Preview and retreat: Residents have the opportunity to preview spaces and activities, and they can access places of retreat for quiet and calm.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

可预见性：所有四套房屋在设计上都是相似的，这样，居民们就能舒服地互相拜访，或者搬到另一栋房子里。

Predictability: All four homes are similar in design so that residents feel comfortable visiting each other or relocating to a different house on the site.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

宁静空间：所有空间的设计都是为了减少感官刺激，并提供一个宁静的环境。造型熟悉，色彩和饰面柔和，照明大多是间接的。

Serene spaces: All spaces were designed to reduce sensory stimulation and provide a serene environment. Forms are familiar, colors and finishes are subdued, and lighting is mostly indirect.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

一系列简单的通用设计策略为所有年龄和能力的人提供了慷慨的住宿和平等的机会。特别注意建筑材料和系统的选择，以促进健康的室内空气质量、声学控制和舒适、超高效的暖通空调系统。由于吊扇对自闭症患者有负面刺激作用，因此采用辐射平板加热和冷却系统，并采用低速通风系统。

A range of simple universal design strategies allows for generous accommodation and equal access for all ages and abilities. Particular care was taken with the selection of the building materials and systems to promote healthy indoor air quality, acoustical control, and comfortable, super-efficient HVAC systems. Since ceiling fans can be a negative stimulus to people on the autism spectrum, a radiant slab heating and cooling system was used with a low-velocity ventilation system.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

该项目以符合美国绿色建筑委员会LEED黄金标准为目标，也是一个PG项目。

Targeted to meet U.S. Green Building Council LEED Gold standards, the project is also a PG&E Zero Net Energy Pilot Project and is designed to produce onsite all the energy required to operate the buildings.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

该网站旨在最大限度地利用被动太阳能方向、日光和自然通风。所有建筑都包含光伏太阳能电池板和太阳能热水。其他节能策略包括：墙壁和屋顶的高R值绝缘；高性能的隔热窗；低反射的“凉爽”屋顶；室内大厅的太阳能管天窗；在需要时用悬垂、凹槽和可操作的外部遮阳控制太阳；高效的空对水热泵；节能照明装置；能源之星电器；感应炊具；还有一个大厦管理系统。总的来说，这些策略比加州标题24的能源需求提高了30%的能源性能。

The site was designed to maximize passive solar orientation, daylight, and natural ventilation. All buildings incorporate photovoltaic solar panels and solar hot water. Other energy-saving strategies include high R-value insulation in walls and roofs; high-performance insulated windows; low-reflective “cool” roofs; solar tube skylights at interior halls; sun control where needed with overhangs, trellises, and operable exterior sunshades; high efficiency air-to-water heat pumps; energy-efficient light fixtures; Energy Star appliances; induction cook tops; and a building management system. Overall, these strategies improved energy performance by +30% better than California Title 24 energy requirements.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

低流量管道固定装置可减少水的消耗。在现场钻探了一口井，为所有现场灌溉系统提供水，包括场地景观美化、有机农场和果园。耐旱植物尽量减少灌溉需求，可渗透的铺路和生物瓦尔斯管理雨水.

Low-flow plumbing fixtures throughout reduce water consumption. An on-site well was drilled to supply water to all site irrigation systems, including site landscaping and the organic farm and orchards. Drought-tolerant plants minimize irrigation needs, and permeable paving and bioswales manage stormwater.

 © Tim Griffith

蒂姆·格里菲斯

其他可持续的方面包括可再生建筑材料、低挥发性有机化合物、无毒材料和成品，以及建筑废物的回收利用。

Other sustainable aspects include renewable building materials, low-VOC and nontoxic materials and finishes, and the recycling of construction waste.

 Floor Plan