© Tamás Szentirmai

(Tamás Szentirmy)

架构师提供的文本描述。根据József Schall的设计，布达佩斯莫里茨兹西蒙德马戏团与交通有关的建筑于1943年完工；由于其形状，后来被口头认定为“蘑菇”。最初，一座出发大楼、现金候机室和一家咖啡馆被安置在屋顶下的三个建筑区，呈环形布局。戒指中央站着一个喷泉(LászlóSbotor的石头浮雕)。建成后不久，大楼被大致改造，变压器被放置在它的一个圆圈区。这种结构在70年代就已经开始成为类似贫民窟的环境了。由于其独特的空间组成和极其纤细的钢筋混凝土细节，自1997年以来，它被记录为一座受到巨大保护的列入清单的建筑。

Text description provided by the architects. The construction of the transportation-related building on Móricz Zsigmond Circus, Budapest was completed in 1943, according to the design of József Schall; and because of its shape later it was identified as the “Mushroom” by the word of mouth. Originally a departure building, cash- and waiting room and a café were placed in three building sectors under the roof with a ring-shaped layout. A fountain stood in the middle of the ring (stone relief by László Szomor). Shortly after its completion the building was roughly converted, transformers were placed into one of its circle sectors. The structure has started to be a slum-like environment already in the ’70s. For its particular spatial space composition and extremely slim reinforced concrete details it has been recorded as a listed building under monumental protection since 1997.

 Floor Plan

该建筑的圆形布局最初是由电车圈轨道的空间布置决定的，这些轨道相互交织在一起。在21世纪初，铁轨的使用不再有意义；自从拆除后，这座圆形建筑被留在原地等待更新。最近，功能已改为公共空间展馆，为完成这一角色，区议会于2009年宣布了一项设计竞赛。根据获得一等奖的设计，这些计划分别于2012年和2014年完成。主要的基本设计理念是实现完美的圆形对称，为此，建筑师们对经典的保护考虑进行了重新解释。重建了原有的建筑轮廓，然后将无框架的弯曲热玻璃、弯曲的细混凝土面板和现代细节添加到建筑中。在一次全面的结构改造中，对柱子、梁和悬臂屋顶板进行了修复和加固。此外，还需要进行局部重建；因此，提高建筑物的下沉部分是实施的一个辉煌时期。

The circular layout of the building was initially determined by the spatial arrangement of the trams’ looping tracks intertwining the building itself. In the early 2000s, the use of the tracks was no longer pertinent; and since their dismantling, the circle shaped building was left alone waiting for its renewal. Recently, the function has been changed to a public space pavilion, and for the completion of this role the district council announced a design competition in 2009. Based on the design awarded with first prize, the plans were finished in 2012 and the building in 2014. The main basic design concept was to achieve the perfect circular symmetry, and for this aim the architects undertook the reinterpretation of the classical conservation considerations. The original building contours were reconstructed, then frameless curved thermal glass, curved fine concrete panels and contemporary details were added to the building. The pillars, beams and cantilevered roof slabs were repaired and reinforced during a complete structural renovation. Also local reconstructions were needed; and such, the raising of a sunken section of the building was a brilliant period of the implementation.

 © Tamás Szentirmai

(Tamás Szentirmy)

对墙体和玻璃结构的设计和比例进行了重新设计。沿外弧建造统一的护栏墙，沿内弧形安装由地面开始的玻璃结构。采用实心墙结构设计了各圆段的后交叉墙和庭院中唯一的柱间截面。一方面，这一设计在很大程度上恢复了原来的墙开率；另一方面，它消除了以前的建筑约束(台阶、不同楼层和护栏等)。这一设计的另一个优势是内部和外部之间的不对称，这是充分证明了空间环境的变化(喧闹繁忙的马戏团和安静的，平静的庭院)。

The design and the proportion of wall and glass structures were reformulated. Unified parapet walls were built along the outer arc, while glass structures starting from the floor level were installed along the inner arc. The back cross wall of each circle sectors and the only inter-column section from the courtyard were designed with solid wall structure. On the one hand, this design largely restored the original wall-opening ratio; on the other hand it eliminated the former building-constraints (steps, varying floor levels and parapets etc.). A further advantage of this design was a kind of asymmetry between the interior and the exterior, which was fully justified by the changed spatial situation (noisy and busy circus and quiet, calm courtyard).

 Courtesy of Hetedik Müterem

Hetedik MüTEREM提供

在1942-43年，有些解决方案是不可能的，或者只是有限的：基本没有框架的热玻璃被安装成圆形布局，并插入到固体壁面的熔覆面中。预制弯曲细长混凝土面板放置在实心墙面的前面。

Some solutions could be used that were not possible or only to a limited extent in 1942-43: an essentially frameless thermal glazing was installed with a circular layout, and it was inserted in the cladding plane of the solid wall sections. Prefabricated curved fine concrete panels were placed in front of the solid wall sections.

 © Balázs Biri

(B)Balázs Biri

某些建筑部门的正面朝向通道和半开放空间完全开放，从而进一步加强了圆形慷慨和内外之间的关系。巨大的滑动玻璃墙可能使封闭和屋顶半开放区域的集成共存成为可能。

The front facades of the certain building sectors are completely open towards the passageways and semi-open spaces, thus the circular generosity and the relationship between the inner and outer places is further strengthened. The huge sliding glass walls may make the integrated coexistence of the closed and roofed semi-open areas possible.

由于设计的透明性，一方面，服务功能是在“室内”概念的基础上形成的，即不与前台相联系的大型功能性家具。另一方面，大多数服务职能都放在部分开发的地下室一级。建筑师们设法把家具盒的尺寸降到最低，把楼梯放在盒子和门面之间。

For the sake of transparent design, on the one hand the service functions were formed as large-scale functional furniture not contacting the front, on basis of the ‘house-in-the-house’ concept. On the other hand, most of the service functions were placed on the partially developed basement level. The architects managed to minimize the size of the furni­ture-boxes by placing the staircases between the boxes and the façade.

 © Tamás Szentirmai

(Tamás Szentirmy)

这座建筑的一位评论家Csaba Masznyik说：“建筑师和公众都认为，更新后的建筑景观是一种巨大的成功，但对于处理所列纪念碑的艺术历史学家来说却不是这样(至少我认识的人是这么认为的)。在我看来，修缮后的蘑菇房变成了一座美丽的、艺术的、非常复杂的建筑，就好像它不是在匈牙利，而是在西方的某个地方。(…)这种方法没有做出苛刻的姿态，但有意识地关注建筑的本质和‘信息’，导致了一种蜕变：蘑菇变成了一座当代建筑，其中过去的一切都有着强大的力量。“(METSZET 2014/4)

One critic of the building, Csaba Masznyik said: “The view of the renewed building is considered as a resounding success both by the architects and the general public, but not by art historians dealing with listed monuments (at least by those I know). In my opinion, the renovated Mushroom became a brilliantly beautiful, artistically developed and remarkably sophisticated building, as if it would be located not in Hungary, but somewhere in the West. (…) The approach free from harsh gesture, but focusing consciously on the essence, on the ‘message’ of the building, led to a metamorphosis: the Mushroom turned to be a contemporary building in which the past is present with a great power.” (METSZET 2014/4)

 Courtesy of Hetedik Müterem

Hetedik MüTEREM提供

Architects Hetedik Müterem

Location 1114 Budapest, Móricz Zsigmond körtér, Hungary

Category Renovation

Architect in Charge Levente Szabó DLA, Zsolt Gyüre

Co-architects Orsolya Simon, Dávid Kohout, Balázs Biri

Area 450.0 sqm

Project Year 2014

Photographs Tamás Szentirmai, Balázs Biri