© Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

架构师提供的文本描述。位于阿富汗第四大城市马扎尔-伊-谢里夫中心的戈哈尔·哈顿女子学校取代了一座老建筑，该建筑处于极度失修状态，并扩大了一所具有历史意义的城市学校的容量。这座2，000平方米的建筑群为幼儿园提供了12年级的空间，每天至少为3，000名学生提供服务。

Text description provided by the architects. Located in the center Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan’s fourth largest city, the Gohar Khatoon Girls’ School replaces an older structure that was in an extreme state of disrepair and expands the capacity of a historically significant urban school. The 2,000 m2 complex provides space for kindergarten through grade twelve classes, serving at least 3,000 students or more a day.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

Mazar-I-Sharif是几所大学的所在地，Gohar Khaton-作为高等教育的门户-将成为一个重要城市中心教育数千名妇女和女孩的关键机构。女子学校已经被认为是阿富汗推动发展的主要贡献者，这些机构是阿富汗社会包容的有力机制。学校是妇女和女孩就这一过渡进行谈判的场所，戈哈尔·哈特恩的目的是通过促进稳定、舒适和社区参与来支持这一进程。

Mazar-i-Sharif is home to several universities, and Gohar Khatoon–acting as a gateway to higher education–is positioned to become a key institution for educating several thousand women and girls in an important urban center. Girls’ schools are already considered to be major contributors in Afghanistan’s push toward development and these institutions serve as powerful mechanisms for inclusion within Afghan society. Schools are the setting where women and girls will negotiate this transition, and Gohar Khatoon has been designed to support this process by promoting stability, comfort, and community engagement.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

城市儿童绿洲

An urban oasis for children 

像喀布尔和马扎尔-伊沙里夫这样的大城市目前正见证着由于城市化而导致的户外绿地的消失。学校通过向当地儿童提供急需的新鲜空气、植物和树木来应对这一不足。学校通常是唯一允许女性外出社交的地方：户外活动空间提供了一个文化上可以接受的健身场所，以及座位，聚会区的设计是为了促进学生之间的社交交流。教育园艺在波斯文化中有着悠久的传统，学校场地上的几个地区种植了果树，或被指定为蔬菜和花卉园，由学生照料。在城市里，水是一种宝贵的资源，所有的景观都是用生物处理的废水灌溉的。

Larger cities such as Kabul and Mazar-i-Sharif are currently witnessing the disappearance of outdoor green space due to urbanization. The school responds to this deficiency by offering local children much-needed access to fresh air, plants, and trees. School is oftentimes the only place where women are permitted to socialize outside the home: outdoor activity spaces provide a culturally acceptable place for physical fitness, and seating, and gathering areas have been designed to promote social interaction between students. Educational gardening has a long tradition in Persian culture and several areas on the school grounds have been planted with fruit-bearing trees or have be designated as vegetable and flower gardens to be tended by the students. Water is a precious resource in the city and all of the landscaping is irrigated using biologically treated wastewater.

社区参与

Community Engagement

愿景课程让学生有机会了解他们的新学校，并允许他们参与设计过程。艺术也是学校参与的重要媒介。六位新出现的女艺术家被选中在学校的中央楼梯上安插她们的作品。

Visioning sessions provided students an opportunity to learn about their new school and allowed them to participate in the design process. Art has also been an important medium for engagement at the school. Six emerging female artists were selected to install their work in the school’s central staircases.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

舒适、可持续性和自给自足

Comfort, sustainability, and self-sufficiency

许多在阿富汗上学的儿童必须在不太舒适的条件下上学。学校往往连接到有限的或不稳定的电力供应，这些机构几乎没有预算，经常留下的取暖燃料资金不足。为了克服这些障碍，Gohar Khaton学校的位置是在冬季最大限度地增加太阳热量，并在夏季和肩部季节自然通风。

Many children going to school in Afghanistan must do so in less than comfortable conditions. Schools are often connected to a limited, or unstable power supply, and these institutions operate on almost no budget, often leaving insufficient funds for heating fuel. In order to overcome these obstacles, the Gohar Khatoon School is positioned to maximize solar heat gain in the winter months and natural ventilation during the summer and shoulder seasons.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

这所学校的厚砖墙为吸收和保持热量提供了很高的热质量。每块教室的中央楼梯间形成了一个“阳光空间”，用来在冬天取暖建筑物。可操作的地板到天花板的墙壁通风口和门通道允许暖空气在北面的教室中流通。面向南方的教室获得足够的太阳能直接收益来自主运作。

The school’s thick masonry walls provide high thermal mass for absorbing and retaining heat. A central stairwell in each classroom block forms a “sunspace” that captures heat for warming the building in winter. Operable floor-to-ceiling wall vents and door transoms allow warm air to circulate through the north-facing classrooms. South-facing classrooms receive enough direct solar gain to operate autonomously.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

冷却是通过交叉通风和烟囱通风相结合来实现的。在阳光空间尽头的大型季节性门可以在温暖的月份打开，位于中央走廊上方的通道有助于将空气通过建筑物。

Cooling is achieved with a combination of cross and stack ventilation. Large seasonal doors at the end of the sunspaces can be opened in the warmer months, and transoms, located over the central hallways, help to pull air through the building.

这所学校的立面借鉴了阿富汗丰富的砖石建筑历史，明亮的、五颜六色的窗户与马扎尔-伊沙里夫著名的蓝色清真寺的生机勃勃的瓷砖相呼应。外墙还满足了实用的要求，即通过利用墙壁深度和开口尺寸来平衡日光和太阳热量的增加，在冬季最大限度地增加太阳的增益，在夏季使玻璃表面遮阳。浅色的天花板也有助于平衡和分散整个教室的光线。

The school’s facades take their cue from Afghanistan’s rich history of masonry construction and the bright, multicolored windows echo the vibrant tiles of Mazar-i-Sharif’s famous Blue Mosque. The facades also fulfill the pragmatic requirement of balancing daylight with solar heat gain through the use of wall depth, as well as opening size, maximizing solar gain in winter and shading glass surfaces in summer. Light colored ceilings also help to balance and diffuse light throughout the classrooms.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

内置的环境战略促进自主和自给自足，并允许学校在困难的环境下使用很少的资源。利用低科技的气候反应，建立一个可靠的机构，为学生和工作人员提供长期的住所和舒适。在对阿富汗的外国援助正在减少，北约部队正在撤离阿富汗之际，这是一个需要考虑的重要方面。

Built-in environmental strategies foster autonomy and self-sufficiency and allow the school to perform under difficult circumstances using few resources. Capitalizing on low-tech climate responses results in a dependable institution that provides students and staff shelter and comfort for the long term. This is an important aspect to consider at a time when foreign aid to Afghanistan is dwindling and NATO troops are leaving the country.

 © Nic Lehoux

C.Nic Lehoux

Architects Robert Hull, University of Washington

Location Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan

Category Schools

Design Team Yasaman Esmaili, Christopher Garland, David Miller, FAIA

Lead Architect and Designer Robert Hull, FAIA, in collaboration with the University of Washington, Department of Architecture

Area 1700.0 sqm

Project Year 2015

Photographs Nic Lehoux