架构师提供的文本描述。“Mashrabiya之家”位于耶路撒冷和伯利恒之间的阿拉伯巴勒斯坦村庄Beit Safafa。这座房子被设计成当代对阿拉伯小河建筑传统元素的重新诠释，同时为在城市化边缘改造村庄的社会和文化景观提供了新的、富有想象力的解决方案。

Text description provided by the architects. The "Mashrabiya House" is located in the Arab Palestinian village Beit Safafa between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The house was designed as a contemporary re-interpretation of traditional elements of Arab venacular architecture, providing at the same time new and imaginative solutions for the transforming social and cultural landscape of the village on the brink of urbanization.

梯田景观

Terraced Landscape

梯田和挡土墙原则是阿拉伯传统景观最典型的特征之一，被用于陡峭的斜坡建筑地块，形成了一个土生土长、局部有人居住的“风景地”。地下室本身被雕刻在山坡上，形成了一个巨大的石板平台，就像一个甲板，有着凹陷的庭院，就像一口轻型水井。这层甲板容纳了一个车间，工作室和画廊，因此区分工作和公共职能的房子和起居室以上。在地块的后面，这个平台折叠成一个巨大的，有人居住的石板挡土墙，可以容纳几个公寓。

The principle of terraces and retaining walls, one of the most typical feature of the traditional Arab landscape, was adopted for steeply sloping building plot, forming an earthbound, partially inhabited ‘landscape ground’. The basement itself is carved into the hillside forming a massive stone-clad platform like a deck with sunken courtyards as light wells. This deck accommodates a workshop, studio and gallery and therefore separates working and public functions of the house from the living areas above. At the rear side of the plot this platform folds up to become an enormous, inhabited stone clad retaining wall, which accommodates several apartments.

马什拉比亚

The Mashrabiya

经过美化的地面形成了一个舞台，建筑本身就站在这个舞台上。地面的沉重与垂直结构的轻盈形成鲜明对比。这种浮动效应是通过对阿拉伯“Mashrabiya”的创造性解释来实现的，Mashrabiya是一种传统上在私人空间和公共空间之间形成门槛的网状窗口屏幕。在这里，木屏风被重新想象成一个大型石头围护结构，将“Mashrabiya”主题与石头结合在一起。其典型的半透明效果是通过将石头稍微分开，空间不规则，产生轻盈和通透的效果。由此产生的石质围护结构与后面的实际公寓楼之间有一个狭窄的空隙。有趣的安排，小和大的开口提供从内部到景观的看法，同时小心地保留他们的隐私。

The landscaped ground forms a stage on which the building itself stands. The heaviness of the ground is contrasted by the lightness of the vertical structure. The floating effect is achieved through the creative interpretation of an Arab “Mashrabiya”, a latticed window screen that traditionally formed a threshold between private and public spaces. Here, the wooden screen is re-imagined in the form of a large-scale stone envelop that surrounds the building, combining the “Mashrabiya” motif with stone. Its typical semi-transparent effect is achieved by positioning the stones slightly apart, with irregular spacings, creating an effect of lightness and porousness. The resulting stone envelop is structurally separated by a narrow gap from the actual apartment building behind. The playful arrangement of small and large openings provide views from the interiors out into the landscape while carefully retaining their privacy.

 © Amit Giron

(Amit Gron)

Hosh和Bustan

Hosh and Bustan

房子内部和周围开放空间的概念同样受到对传统阿拉伯因素的敏感性的影响，同时坚持当代的正式和物质解决办法。后挡土墙和“Mashrabiya”之间的高耸庭院让人想起了传统的Hosh，而建筑顶部的“Mashrabiya”则成为了屋顶花园的“花园墙”，它是继“Bustan”主题之后的一个屋顶花园：一个封闭的花园，作为宁静和隐私的庇护所。

The concept of open spaces within and around the house is equally informed by a sensitivity to traditional Arab elements while insisting on contemporary formal and material solutions. The raised courtyard between the rear retaining wall and the “The Mashrabiya” is reminiscent of a traditional hosh while the “Mashrabiya” at the top of the building becomes a ‘garden wall’ for a roof top garden following the ‘Bustan’ motif: a closed garden as a sheltered place of tranquility and privacy.

 ground floor plan

阿拉伯语对可持续性的解释

An Arabic interpretation of sustainability

除了正式提及阿拉伯方言传统之外，这座建筑还发展和检验了一些概念，这些概念有助于为可持续性议程提供信息，同时保持历史文化的连续性：这样，“马什拉比亚”不仅是公共和私人空间之间的一个传统门槛，而且还提供了气候控制的一个要素。外包膜的石质起到了气候缓冲的作用：它有助于在白天吸收热量，在凉爽的耶路撒冷夜晚释放热量。因此，它保护建筑物免受太阳辐射，以及冬季的雨和风。石头之间的缝隙确保了新鲜空气的不断流动。被动式冷却的另一个要素是外围护与内围护之间的1M间隙。它不仅确保了建筑物周围新鲜空气的持续流通，而且建筑物顶部保持开放的事实产生了像烟囱一样的吸力效应：热空气向上流动，新鲜空气从下面吸入到空隙中。

Beyond the formal references to Arab vernacular traditions the building developed and tested concepts that could help to inform an agenda of sustainability while maintaining historical cultural continuity: In this way the “Mashrabiya” is not only a traditional threshold between public and private space but also provides an element of climatic control. The stone mass of the outer envelope acts as a climatic buffer: It helps to absorb heat during the day and release heat during the cool Jerusalem nights. Thus it protects the building against solar radiation as well as winter rain and winds. The gaps between the stones ensure a constant flow of fresh air. A further element of passive cooling is the 1m gap between outer and inner envelop. Not only does it ensure constant circulation of fresh air around the building the fact that it remains open towards the top of the building generates a suction effect like that of a chimney: Hot air travels upwards and fresh air is sucked into the gap from below.

 Ventilation Diagram

与耶路撒冷地区的大多数村庄一样，Beit Safafa也面临着社会和文化挑战，这是从紧密联系的村庄社区向郊区中心转变的典型表现。在此背景下，将传统建筑形式与现代城市公寓生活相结合，提供了一种独到的解决方案。这座建筑对村庄的传统结构很敏感，但对新居民开放，因为它把生活和工作结合在一起。它也是巴勒斯坦文化代表新画廊的所在地。

Beit Safafa, like most villages in the Jerusalem area, is facing social and cultural challenges, typical for the transformation from a tightly knit village community towards a suburban centre. In this context the building provides an original solution by combining traditional building form with modern urban apartment living. The building is sensitive to the traditional fabric of the village yet open to new residents, as it combines living and working. It is also the home of the new Gallery for Palestinian Cultural Representation.

 © Amit Giron

(Amit Gron)