丹麦设计大师Poul Kjærholm的家

位于哥本哈根以北，绵延着沙滩、森林与奢华别墅的海岸线，因其富裕的居民而时常被称作“威士忌带”，这些居民在品味一口佳酿（而非一杯皮尔森啤酒）的同时，享受着美好生活。在伦斯特德镇，矗立着一座独一无二的别墅，俯瞰着厄勒海峡，该别墅由建筑师Hanne Kjærholm于1962年设计，内部陈设均由其丈夫——丹麦著名设计师Poul Kjærholm亲手打造。

The coastline of sandy beaches, forests and luxurious villas that lies north of Copenhagen is sometimes referred to as the Whisky Belt for its affluent residents, who enjoy the good life over a glass of fine spirit (rather than a pilsner beer). In the town of Rungsted, there is one inimitable villa overlooking the Øresund strait, conceived by architect Hanne Kjærholm in 1962 and filled with furniture made by her husband, the esteemed Danish designer Poul Kjærholm.

建筑师Hanne Kjærholm设计的Villa Kjærholm坐落在靠近海岸的沙滩之上。在Poul Kjærholm的子女和Fritz Hansen的帮助下，这位丹麦设计师的作品在其位于厄勒海峡的家族宅邸中焕发新的生机。

Poul Kjærholm以其严谨精准的风格和挖掘材料最大潜能的能力，在丹麦设计爱好者心中占有重要位置。他设计的家具，简约之美令人动容，仿佛超越了时代的局限。在伦斯特德，被这些家具环绕之中，设计师的儿子Thomas Kjærholm回忆道：“我们几乎认为这样的生活方式是理所当然的。”在一个灰蒙蒙的秋日早晨，Thomas慷慨地打开了家族故居的大门。12年前，他搬回了这里，并自那时起着手将别墅恢复至20世纪60年代的风貌，几乎保留了所有相同的家具（尽管并非原版）。

Known for his exacting precision and ability to harness the greatest potential of materials, Poul Kjærholm occupies a warm place in the hearts of Danish design lovers. The achingly beautiful simplicity of his furniture makes it appear far beyond its time. Surrounded by these pieces in Rungsted, the designer’s son Thomas Kjærholm reflects: ‘We almost took it for granted that this is how we live.’ On a grey autumn morning, Thomas has generously opened the doors of his family home. He moved back 12 years ago and has since restored the villa to how it appeared in the 1960s, with nearly all the same pieces of furniture (though not the original versions).

工作中的Poul Kjærholm（1929-1980）。他用钢材塑造极简主义家具，因其低调的优雅和简洁的线条而备受赞誉。

Poul Kjærholm

丹麦极简主义

设计大师

颠覆传统

的设计思维

回归至最简单一致的设计本质

FRITZ HANSEN

合作

开创了

设计史上的“

PK系列

Fritz Hansen，于150年前创立于哥本哈根，为享誉国际的知名室内设计品牌。与有远见卓识的设计师合作，例如 Arne Jacobsen、Poul Kjærholm和Hans J.Wegner 我们奠定了丹麦的设计传统。创造独特的家具能够点亮其所在空间的美感。设计能够经历时间的考验而经久不息，而工艺能够确保其品质世代传承。对于北欧简约风格的信念令我们持之以恒地致力于将当代最伟大地设计师的非凡作品带入生活。

其中最为古老的一件作品是1952年设计的“PK4”躺椅是Poul Kjærholm对几何美学进行研究的早期案例，展现出了他极富远见的设计理念。当时Poul刚从哥本哈根的丹麦工艺美术学校毕业。其流畅的设计得益于丹麦另一位设计师Knud Holscher的焊工父亲，椅身的框架结构由七根钢管焊接而成，椅背和椅座则是由一根完整的旗绳编制，造就出这件精巧优雅又极富雕塑感的作品。

One of the oldest is the ‘PK4’ lounge chair designed in 1952, made when Poul had just graduated from the Danish School of Arts and Crafts in Copenhagen. Conjured up from steel and woven halyard rope, the sleek design was facilitated by the welder father of fellow Danish designer Knud Holscher and sold for a minimal fee to other students. The chair was reissued this year by the interior design brand Fritz Hansen, which has long collaborated with the Kjærholm family.

产品名称：PK4

麻绳，钢

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

Fritz Hansen的孙子Søren Hansen对Poul Kjærholm的毕业设计——“PK25”椅（亦称“Element”椅）印象深刻，该椅子由绳索和一块钢材制成。他聘请了这位年轻的设计师，“希望他能提出自己的想法，但主要工作是作为Arne Jacobsen的建筑师”。不过，Thomas解释说，与Jacobsen等同时代的人不同，“我父亲凡事都亲力亲为”。

此外，Kjærholm的设计作品数量相对较少，这反而增添了它们在当今时代的魅力。

The grandson of Fritz Hansen, Søren Hansen, was impressed by Poul Kjærholm’s graduation project, the ‘PK25’ chair (otherwise known as the ‘Element’ chair), made from rope and a single piece of steel. He hired the young designer to ‘come upwith his own ideas, but also mainly to work as an architect for Arne Jacobsen’. In contrast though to contemporaries like Jacobsen, ‘my father did everything himself’,

Thomas explains.Furthermore, Kjærholm made a comparatively limited number of designs, which only adds to their allure today.

产品名称：PK25

主要材料：麻绳，钢

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

在为Fritz Hansen工作了一年后，Kjærholm开发了诸如黑色榉木“PK0”贝壳椅这样的标志性作品，但他逐渐感到沮丧，据说曾要求Hansen在他和Jacobsen之间做出选择。离职后，Kjærholm与家具制造商Ejvind Kold Christensen建立了合作关系，Thomas称其为“真正发掘了Poul Kjærholm的人”。正是Kold Christensen在Rungsted找到了那块土地，并在设计师和制造商之间特意留了两户人家的距离作为缓冲。两家人关系亲密，Thomas小时候每个星期天都会被“像爷爷一样”的Kold Christensen邀请去钓鱼。

After a year with Fritz Hansen, developing such landmark works as the ‘PK0’ shellchair in black-coloured ash, Kjærholm grew frustrated and supposedly asked Hansen to choose between him and Jacobsen. Following his departure, Kjærholm forged a partnership with the furniture manufacturer Ejvind Kold Christensen, whom Thomas credits as ‘the one who invented Poul Kjærholm’. It was Kold Christensen that found the plot of land in Rungsted, and installed himself two doors down, creating a purposeful buffer in between designer and manufacturer. The two families were close and as a boy Thomas remembers being invited by Kold Christensen, who was ‘like a grandfather’, to go fishing every Sunday.

产品名称：PK0

主要材料：层压板

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

伦斯特德的森林与大海让Hanne和Poul Kjærholm想起了他们共同成长的丹麦北部半岛日德兰，以及波尔接受过细木工匠培训的那里。在那个小镇上，设计师需要同时扮演细木工匠和承办人的角色，因为他们还得制作棺材。“我想我父亲对此有些沮丧。他想走得更远，”Thomas道。

Kjærholms一家喜欢亲近自然，Thomas回忆说，他以前经常在森林里玩耍。Poul也希望自己的色彩搭配能来自自然。家族传说中有一个特别的故事，讲述了一位客户询问是否可以将获得米兰三年展奖项的“PK22”椅做成绿色皮革，Poul回答说：“你见过绿色的奶牛吗？”Thomas笑着说：“所以，争论就此结束！”

The forest and sea of Rungsted reminded Hanne and Poul Kjærholm of rural Jutland, the northern peninsula of Denmark where they both grew up, and where Poul trained as a cabinetmaker. In his small town, the designer was expected to fulfil the role of both cabinetmaker and undertaker as he could make coffins. ‘I think my father got a little depressed about that. He wanted to go further,’ says Thomas.

The Kjærholms loved to be so close to nature and Thomas recalls that he was forever outside in the forest. Poul too wanted his colour palette to stem from nature. One particular story of family folklore recounts how a client asked if the Milan Triennale prize-winning ‘PK22’ chair could be made in green leather, to which Poul replied: ‘Have you ever seen a green cow?’ ‘So, the debate was over!’ Thomas laughs.

产品名称：PK22

主要材料：皮革，钢

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

另一件引人注目的作品是放在窗边的“PK15”——Poul Kjærholm的最后一件椅子作品，他于20世纪70年代末构思出这款椅子，Fritz Hansen于2023年9月重新发布了它。“PK15”是他追求清晰度和基本形态的典范，由蒸汽弯曲的木片和法国藤条制成。对于Kjærholm而言，材料的重要性已经通过他的细木工匠培训以及对传统工艺的尊重而根深蒂固。他没有掩饰皮革的接缝或螺丝的扭曲，而是明显地赞美了他设计的构造。

Another notable piece, placed by a window, is the ‘PK15’ – Poul Kjærholm’sfinal chair, which he conceived in the late 1970s and was reissued by Fritz Hansen in September 2023. The ‘PK15’ exemplifies his pursuit of clarity and essential form,made from pieces of steam-bent wood and French cane. For Kjærholm, the utmost importance of materials had been ingrained by his cabinetmaker training, as well as a respect for traditional craftsmanship. He did not disguise the seams of leather or the twists of screws, but markedly celebrated the construction of his designs.

产品名称：PK15

主要材料：白蜡木，藤条

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

“如果你注意到了的话，我们这里没有门槛，”Thomas指出了别墅设计中的无数个人细节之一。Poul由于一条腿比另一条腿短而行动不便，所以Hanne设计了一座房子，以便她丈夫晚年可以使用轮椅。Thomas说，当他父亲走路时，看起来就像“在跳舞”。此外，还有嵌入墙内的平开门，以及从Kold Christensen那里购买的塔希提编织草席地板。

‘We don’t have any doorsteps if you noticed,’ Thomas points out as one of countless personal details of the villa’s design. Poul suffered from a limp as one leg was shorter than the other, so Hanne designed a house that would allow her husband touse a wheelchair later in life. When his father walked, Thomas says, it looked as if‘he was dancing’. Then there are the flush doors that disappear into the walls and the woven Tahitian straw flooring, purchased from Kold Christensen.

产品名称：PK91

主要材料：钢，皮革

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

PK91

这座单层别墅由横梁和立柱点缀，凸显其对称设计。客厅贯穿了整个房子的宽度，被划分成不同的区域，供家人聚餐、学习和放松。Thomas回忆道，他的父亲会蜷缩在沙发上，而他的母亲会盘腿坐在壁炉旁，他则躺在桌子下面。

The single-storey villa is punctuated by beams and columns that emphasise its symmetrical design. The living room, which stretches the entire width of the house, is divided into distinct areas where the family might gather to eat, study and relax. Thomas recalls how his father would curl up on the sofa while his mother sat cross-legged by the fireplace, and he lay beneath the table.

产品名称：PK9

主要材料：钢，皮革

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

这座别墅证明了Kjærholms夫妇对家具和空间的理解，以及它们如何相互影响。在Poul看来，家具的摆放将空间转变为生活和关系得以展开的地方——没有什么比他自己的家更能说明这一点了。他更喜欢被称为“家具建筑师”而不是设计师。Thomas认为，“这么说更精致，也更准确，因为设计师可以是很多角色。而建筑更具雕塑感。”事实上，Poul受到了亨利·摩尔、芭芭拉·赫普沃斯和野口勇等雕塑家抽象形式的启发。

The villa is testament to the Kjærholms’ understanding of furniture and space, and how one might inform the other. Through Poul’s eyes, the arrangement of furniture transformed a space into a place where life and relationships could unfold – there isno finer example than his own home. He preferred to be called a ‘furniture architect’ than a designer. ‘It was a finer thing to say I think, more precise,’ Thomas suggests, ‘because a designer can be many things. Architecture, that’s more sculptural.’ Indeed, Poul was inspired by the abstract forms of sculptors such as Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth and Isamu Noguchi.

产品名称：PK11

主要材料：钢，皮革，白蜡木

制造商：FRITZ HANSEN

1980年，Poul被诊断出患有肺癌，几个月后去世。一年后，Kold Christensen将Kjaerholm家具的生产权卖给了Fritz Hansen。2003年，Fritz Hansen停产了几款设计，Thomas决定自行生产这些设计，然后在2014年，Fritz Hansen重新收购了这些设计以及整个Kjaerholm系列。

如今，Thomas和他的妹妹Krestine负责管理Kjærholm档案，并与Fritz Hansen紧密合作，决定哪些作品将被投入生产，以及考虑哪些新材料和颜色的创新将被采用。最近，这包括采用挪威福斯克镇的大理石制作新版“PK54”餐桌。Thomas和Krestine也在向他们的孩子传授Kjærholm的遗产。“我们正在培养他们，以便他们有一天能够继承这份事业。”

Poul died a few months after he was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1980. A year later, Kold Christensen sold the production rights for Kjaerholm’s furniture to Fritz Hansen. In 2003, Fritz Hansen rolled back its production of several designs, which Thomas decided to produce himself, before the designs were reacquired along with the entire Kjærholm catalogue by Fritz Hansen in 2014.

Today, Thomas and his sister Krestine manage the Kjærholm archive and work closely with Fritz Hansen to decide which pieces are brought into production and which new innovations with materials and colours are considered. Recently, this has included marble from the Norwegian town of Fauske, used for a new version of the ‘PK54’ dining table. Thomas and Krestine are also teaching their own children about the Kjærholms’ legacy. ‘We are training them so they can take over one day.’