老乡村中的新院子:一个丰富、自然的小世界 首
2022-08-15 14:42
供稿:建筑营设计工作室
项目位于北京市郊一处普通乡村之中
这里属于典型的北方平原村落
以一至二层的院落式住宅作为基本单元构成
也可以看到一些随着生活需求变化
留下的各类自发性加建形式
混合存在于乡村自然肌理之中
这里将作为家庭度假与朋友聚会的场所
作为村落中一处新的建造
我们希望改造继续呈现出一种新旧混合的状态
低调融入到整个村庄的风貌之中
同时在院内产生一个丰富、自然的小世界
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△总平面图 © 建筑营设计工作室
旧房子与新木屋——建筑形式的混合
场地中旧建筑为两进院空间布局
包含两座坡屋顶瓦房和一些平顶房屋
经现场勘察做出基本判断
北房经常被使用且结构质量较好
其他附属用房均为临时性搭建
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△原始平面图 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△前院改造前 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△后院改造前 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△外立面改造前© 建筑营设计工作室
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△屋架施工过程 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△屋面施工过程 © 建筑营设计工作室
新的建筑体是一座连续起伏的木屋
它覆盖了场地中间的旧屋
并向南北两侧延伸出生活使用空间
木屋形式随着旧屋坡顶起伏
分别对应着下方的客厅和餐厅、厨房
这一家居生活的主要公共空间
木屋的屋檐之下延伸出两块平顶房屋
补充了两间卧室、库房、卫生间
北侧的旧屋选择暴露其屋顶结构
并在室内划分出两个卧室和起居空间
木屋的介入加强了屋顶起伏的层次变化
并形成了建筑体量层面上的新旧混合关系
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△空间分析 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△结构图解 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△庭院图解 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△工作模型 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△主入口,摄影:金伟琦
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庭院与室内——行为活动的混合
原本的二进院的庭院格局被打散
形成六个尺度、景观、功能各不相同的庭院
拉开金属大门,竹林小径
一株姿态较好的红枫映入眼帘
在不同季节展示着自然的色彩
成为客厅与餐厅之间的点景
客厅与南侧院墙留出侧院
院中植树置石,天气晴好时
客厅折叠门可以完全展开
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△入户庭院,摄影:金伟琦
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旧木屋顶与新木构屋顶相互对照
餐厅向外与邻居家院墙形成一处竹林庭院
就餐活动可延伸到庭院中
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此院为主要室外活动院落
通过半室外走廊过渡到庭院当中
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北房与木屋之间通过玻璃廊相连
三个卧室均可直接面向室外景观
让室内各个角落都焕发着自然的生机
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结构与材料——新与旧的混合
新木屋采用雪松胶合木作为主要材料
结构形式上借鉴抬梁式架构
回应北方民居的木作传统
充分利用胶合木这一低碳
用新的结构表现接续旧屋的木构
实现新与旧在结构层面上的对话
以尽量小的梁柱截面和尽量大的跨度
保证结构合理的同时控制造价成本
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门窗采用固定中空玻璃与竹钢板材可开启扇结合
实体开启扇可以满足通风需求
而固定玻璃窗保持取景的完整性
室内固定家具也全部由竹钢板材定制而成
胶合木、竹钢和旧的木梁
形成了木料间的新旧混合关系
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△入户庭院,摄影:金伟琦
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全部采用当地回收的旧红砖和青砖砌筑而成
也实现了废旧材料的循环再利用
保留下来的北房外墙为白色瓷砖
露出原来基层的红砖墙面
南屋局部屋顶在拆除过程中发现原有结构破损严重
墙体用旧青砖按原建筑形式重新砌筑
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△侧院节点详图© 建筑营设计工作室
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△竹院节点详图© 建筑营设计工作室
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△正立面,摄影:金伟琦
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△侧立面,摄影:金伟琦
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地面铺装则采用购置的新的红砖铺就
具有更好的防水防尘的效果
取其荷载轻、寿命长、造价低
与村庄内常见的红色板瓦相互混合
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院落的营造、结构的更新
新旧迭代演进的可持续设计策略
为乡村建筑更新提供新的可能性
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△屋顶平面图 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△立面图 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△剖面图 © 建筑营设计工作室
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△平面图 © 建筑营设计工作室
项目位置:北京市通州区石小路
设计公司:建筑营设计工作室
公司网站:www.archstudio.cn
主设计师:韩文强、李晓明
项目设计师:郭建刚、孟罡宇(实习)
结构咨询:北京欣南森木结构工程有限公司
机电咨询:郑宝伟、李东杰、张英男
施工团队:北京欣南森木结构工程有限公司
设计时间:2020.10—2021.04
施工时间:2021.04—2022.04
主要材料:胶合木、砖、竹钢