Project: Functionalist Villa “Indian Ship” Architects: Studio Idhea Team: Dalibor Hlaváček, Ludvík Holub Project location Barrandovská 307/25, Praha, Czech Republic Completion year 2017 Photo credits: Jakub Skokan, Martin Tůma – BoysPlayNice

项目：功能主义别墅“印度船”建筑师：Idhea工作室：Dalibor Hlaváček，Ludvík Holub Project Location Barrandovská307/25，Praha，捷克共和国完成年，2017年摄影学分：Jakub Skokan，Martin Tůma-BoysPlayNice

The villa was built in 1936 according to the design of a noted Czech architect Vladimír Grégr, grandson of a well-known journalist and politician. Built in functionalist style, the villa has significant rustic elements including conical exterior walls, rough dragged work and wooden casing. In the framework of maximum respect to the original character of the house, the modifications include removal of the accumulation of insensitive silt of the 80s, highlighting the unique spaces and architectural details, and adaptation to modern living standards.

这座别墅是1936年根据捷克著名建筑师Vladimír Grégr的设计建造的，他是著名记者和政治家的孙子。别墅以功能主义风格建造，具有显著的乡村元素，包括圆锥形外墙、粗糙的拖曳工程和木制外壳。在最大限度地尊重房屋原貌的框架内，这些修改包括去除80年代不敏感的淤泥堆积，突出独特的空间和建筑细节，以及适应现代生活水平。

Vladimír Grégr’s work has been strongly influenced by his stay in the United States and the inspiration from the romantic haciendas of the Californian movie stars. Based on this experience he started designing aerodynamic functionalist houses. He also started developing a rather romantic shape morphology inspired not only by the mentioned Neo-Spanish style, but also by Jan Kotěra. The first opportunity to use his new approach was at Barrandov in Prague, where the Barrandov Film Studios and a sightseeing restaurant were built at the impulse of Havel brothers. The builder and developer Mr. Havel wished for the studios to be complemented by luxury residences built along the narrow Barrandov streets. He approached several architects, among them Vladimír Grégr, who gradually built seven villas in the location. Most likely it was Grégr’s style, that most corresponded both with the romantic surroundings and the taste of the Czech film stars, who wanted to live like their famous Hollywood counterparts. We had the opportunity to participate in the renovation of one of these villas nicknamed Indian Ship.

海参崴·格里格的作品受到了他在美国逗留的强烈影响，也受到了这位加州电影明星浪漫庄园的启发。基于这一经验，他开始设计气动功能主义住宅。他还开始发展一种相当浪漫的形状形态，不仅受到上述新西班牙风格的启发，而且也受到简·科特ěra的启发。使用他的新方法的第一个机会是在布拉格的巴兰多夫，巴兰多夫电影制片厂和一家观光餐厅是在哈维尔兄弟的推动下建造的。这位建筑商兼开发商哈维尔希望在狭窄的巴兰多夫街道上建造豪华住宅，以补充这些工作室。他接洽了几位建筑师，其中包括海参崴·格雷格(Vladimír Grégr)。最有可能的是格雷格的风格，最符合浪漫的环境和捷克电影明星的品味，他们想要像他们著名的好莱坞同行生活。我们有机会参加了其中一座被称为印度船的别墅的翻新工程。

The Indian Ship used to belong to diplomat Růžička. It is a carefully composed lengthwise shell placed onto the south-east Barrandov slope, parallel to the Barrandovská Street. The interior layout is strongly oriented towards the garden, all the residential rooms – the super-elevated living room, dining room and library on the ground floor, and the three bedrooms and bathroom on the first floor, are facing it. On the other hand, the utility rooms and hallways are Northwest oriented, facing the street, which also shows in the stern character of the street façade.

印度船以前属于外交官R?i?ka。它是一个精心组成的纵向外壳，放置在巴兰多夫东南斜坡上，平行于巴兰多夫斯卡街。内部布局以花园为导向，所有住宅房间--一楼的超高客厅、餐厅和图书馆以及一层的三间卧室和浴室都面向它。另一方面，公共设施室和走廊是面向西北的，面向街道，这也表现为街道的尾部特征。

During the project we tried to preserve all that was important and remove everything useless. The aim of the project was to preserve the identity and quality of the house, while reacting to the needs of the present era.

在这个项目中，我们试图保留所有重要的东西，并移除所有无用的东西。该项目的目的是在对当前时代的需要作出反应的同时保持房屋的身份和质量。

Based on its exterior character, the villa was listed as architectural monument and we tried to save its unique figure, window panes, façade character and architectural details. At the same time, it was necessary to deal with the building and technical challenges arising from the used constructions and materials of the time.

根据其外部特征，别墅被列为建筑纪念碑，我们试图保存它独特的形象，窗玻璃，外观特征和建筑细节。同时，必须应对当时使用过的建筑和材料所带来的建筑和技术挑战。

The house was designed as a reinforced concrete frame walled in with hollow blocks. We performed extensive technical research, measured window and wall heat passage and did thermal photography before we began our work on the design. Our enquiry revealed significant heat bridges caused by the frame load-bearing construction, insufficiently insulated roof and damp basement walls. On the other hand, the window thermal transmission coefficient turned out to be surprisingly good. We approached the renovation based on our findings and with the improvement of interior environment quality on our mind. The modifications consisted of replacing the original roof structure with a modern one, adding 5 cm of thermal insulation to the façade, and a combination of hydro-insulation and other technological arrangements ensuring the usability of the underground premises, something that was previously impossible. At the same time, we executed energy and economic studies. These determined that a gas boiler would be most efficient for heating and water heating. Heating is provided for by floor heating in combination with tubular radiators contributing to the unique interior character. An air-condition unit was placed into the basement. It should provide permanent ventilation in case of humidity penetrating from the exterior.

这所房子被设计成一个用空心砌块围起来的钢筋混凝土框架。在开始设计之前，我们进行了广泛的技术研究，测量了窗户和壁面热通道，并做了热摄影。我们的调查发现，由于框架承重结构、隔热屋顶和潮湿地下室墙的不足，造成了大量的热桥。另一方面，窗口的传热系数却是惊人的好。我们根据我们的发现和改善室内环境质量的想法来进行装修。这些改造包括用一种现代化的屋顶结构取代原来的屋顶结构，在外墙上增加5厘米的隔热层，并将保温和其他技术安排结合起来，以确保地下建筑的可用性，这是以前不可能做到的。同时，我们进行了能源和经济研究。这就决定了燃气锅炉在取暖和取水方面是最有效的。采暖采用地板采暖与管式散热器相结合，具有独特的室内特性。一个空调单元被安置在地下室里。在湿度从外部穿透时，应提供永久性通风。

Cone-shaped exterior walls, rough combed stucco and oak windows were characteristic to the unique exterior design. Unfortunately, the stucco was badly damaged. Despite all our efforts it was unrepairable, and we had to replace it. Fortunately enough, we were able to find a technical and aesthetic solution that was almost identical to the original, including colour and structure. Before the actual application of the finish, we performed numerous test samplings directly on the façade structure.

锥形外墙、粗梳灰泥和橡木窗是独特的外观设计特色。不幸的是，灰泥被严重损坏了。尽管我们尽了一切努力，但它是无法修复的，我们不得不更换它。幸运的是，我们找到了一种技术和美学的解决方案，几乎与原作相同，包括颜色和结构。在实际应用之前，我们直接在外观结构上进行了大量的测试取样。

As was mentioned before, the oak windows of various sizes and shapes are one of the house’s characteristic features. Architect Grégr designed the shapes with regard not only to the interior and its’ views of the landscape, but also to the meticulous composition of the exterior mass. New windows are an exact copy of the original ones, including their surface finish. The metal fittings were restored and used again. The craftsman working on the windows spent over a year at the site, since he had to transport the windows to his workshop one at the time to ensure that the new ones were a truly exact copy.

如前所述，各种大小和形状的橡木窗是房子的特色之一。建筑师格里格设计的形状不仅考虑到内部和它的景观，而且还涉及到外部质量的精细构成。新窗口是原始窗口的精确副本，包括其表面光洁度。金属配件被修复并再次使用。在窗户上工作的工匠花了一年多的时间在现场，因为他必须把窗户搬到他的车间之一，以确保新的窗户是一个真正的复制品。

The house interior suffered from the unoriginal silt and “creativity” of its owners from the second half of the 20th century. We strove to remove this alluvium to emphasize the original very simple but very impressive concept. Changes to the original lay-out were minimal with regard to present functional needs.

自20世纪下半叶起，房屋内部就受到了业主们的原始淤泥和“创造力”的影响。我们努力消除这一冲积层，以强调原来非常简单，但非常令人印象深刻的概念。对于当前的功能需求，对原始布局的更改是最小的。

A super-elevated living room equipped with a hearth and piano space is in the heart of the house. It mirrors to the façade by its high double wing windows. Connected to the living room are a dining area and a former library that now serves as a bedroom. All the living premises are serviced from the hallway adjacent to the northern façade. Therefore the inhabitants would not be disturbed by personnel. Three bedrooms are located on the first floor. A new gentleman bathroom, that was originally not part of the solution, was supplemented. Very important was the new basement solution. The basement was previously uninhabitable due to severe dampness. Now it was dehumidified, it is possible to use the underground premises as full-fledged part of the house and thus two dressing rooms, utility and technical rooms and personnel background were established here.

一间超高的起居室，配有壁炉和钢琴空间，位于房子的中心。它通过高高的双翼窗户向外墙反射。与起居室相连的是一个就餐区和一个以前的图书馆，现在是一间卧室。所有的起居场所都是从北立面毗邻的走廊服务的。因此，居民不会受到人员的干扰。三间卧室在一楼。一个新的绅士浴室，原本不是解决方案的一部分，得到了补充。非常重要的是新的地下室解决方案。地下室以前由于严重潮湿而无法居住。现在已经除湿了，可以把地下建筑作为房子的完整部分，因此这里建立了两个更衣室，公用室和技术室，以及人员背景。

The characteristic design of the entire house is underlined by wooden elements, mostly made of dark mordant oak. We managed to preserve the elements referring to the American inspiration, such as the large sliding doors with a rare “ejector” fitting, unique banister, hearth or window frame details.

整个房子的特色设计强调了木制元素，主要由深色媒染剂橡木制成。我们设法保留了参照美国灵感的元素，例如带有罕见的“弹射器”装置的大型滑动门、独特的栏杆、壁炉或窗框细节。

The quality of the reconstruction does not lie in any serious innovations but in the humbleness with which we approached the original design. We endeavored to save the beauty and historic value of the house and at the same time to fulfil the present aesthetic, functional and technical requirements necessary for the full-fledged life of the house and its inhabitants.

重建的质量不在于任何重大的创新，而在于我们以谦逊的态度对待最初的设计。我们努力保存房子的美丽和历史价值，同时满足目前的美学，功能和技术的要求，为房子和它的居民的全面生活。