The Contemporary House looks at case studies of houses across the world, all built in the 21st century

The 21st century brought a whole new set of challenges for the house, which the book The Contemporary House from publisher Thames and Hudson addresses. Editors Jonathan Bell, contributing editor, Wallpaper*, and Ellie Stathaki, architecture editor, Wallpaper*, frame a selection of case studies built in the 21st century within the context of booming populations, rapid urbanisation, increased environmental awareness, and demands for sustainability.

21世纪给房子带来了一整套新的挑战，从出版商泰晤士河和哈德逊的地址这本书是当代的房子。编辑乔纳森·贝尔、贡献编辑、壁纸*和EllieStathaki，建筑编辑器，壁纸*，框架选择了21世纪在蓬勃发展的人口、快速城市化、提高环境意识和对可持续性的需求的背景下建造的案例研究。

Importantly, the book divides up the world geographically – North America, South America, Asia, Europe – examining each region in terms of its contribution to modern architecture and the contextual parameters it presents, such as climate, resources and politics. Yet, it’s clear that equally, the ‘contemporary house’ is in an early stage of development – we’re only 18 years into the 21st century after all.

重要的是，这本书在地理上划分了世界-北美、南美洲、亚洲、欧洲-考察了每个地区对现代建筑的贡献及其所呈现的环境参数，如气候、资源和政治。然而，很明显，同样地，“当代住宅”正处于早期发展阶段-毕竟，我们进入21世纪才18岁。

The book outlines how the 20th century shaped architecture recognising the extent of progress made. The single family house became a stylised and powerful entity reflective of an era that saw the emerging of a strong middle class, seen in examples such as the Levitt - Sons-designed Levittown in Philadelphia, completed in 1958. Levittown epitomised the midcentury suburb where each family had a material check list of car, refrigerator, backyard, barbecue, while in California, McMansion style architecture and living was an example of ‘a vernacular symbolism of the worst excess’, writes Bell.

这本书概述了20世纪如何塑造建筑，认识到进步的程度。这座独栋住宅成了一个风格化和强大的实体，反映了一个时代，在列维特等例子中，出现了一个强大的中产阶级。

It’s only now, in the 21st century that architects and planners are coming to terms with the repercussions of the suburban sprawl – its poor land use and forced reliancy on the car. Architects, while coming to terms with a farewell to the 20th century, have had to sharpen up. The Contemporary House reveals the new house as context conscious, sustainable, clever, minimalist, and uniquely crafted, with invention and innovation increasingly important, reads the book. Aesthetically, there’s barely a pitched roof in sight. Form no longer expresses the traditional family unit, of man plus woman with 2.4 kids. The contemporary house reflects something less binary, more ambiguous, freer and more individual.

直到现在，在21世纪，建筑师和规划师们才开始接受郊区扩张的影响-其糟糕的土地使用和对汽车的强制缓解。建筑师们在与20世纪告别的同时，也不得不精益求精。当代之家揭示了新房子的背景意识，可持续，聪明，极简主义，和独特的设计，与发明和创新日益重要，阅读这本书。在美学上，几乎看不到倾斜的屋顶。表格不再表达传统的家庭单位，男人加女人有2.4个孩子。当代的房子反映了一些不那么二元，更模糊，更自由和更个性化的东西。

If the 20th century was defined by the building of sprawling suburbs and isolated villas, the site that defines the 21st century so far is the infill plot. Philosophies of minimalism are leading the way, with principles of living within our means detectable. Instead of a box at the heart a leafy (self-indulgent) site, a new shape has formed – ‘the stack’ – a space conscious, insulated and compact house.

如果说20世纪的定义是由扩张的郊区和孤立的别墅组成的，那么到目前为止，定义21世纪的地方就是填充地块。极简主义哲学正引领着这条道路，在我们的经济能力范围内生活的原则是可以察觉的。一个新的形状-“堆叠”-形成了一个有空间意识的、隔热的、紧凑的房子，而不是一个位于心脏的盒子-一个多叶的(自我放纵)的地方。

In New York City, a narrow urban townhouse designed by Gluck  is slotted artfully into a terrace of brownstones, while in Ho Chi Minh City, the Micro Town House by MM   organically joins the narrowly-packed historic Hẻm district as a model for the inner city private house.

在纽约市，由格鲁克设计的一座狭窄的城市联排别墅被巧妙地缝成了一个褐石露台，而在胡志明市，MM设计的微型城镇住宅则有机地加入了历史狭小的Hẻm区，作为市中心私人住宅的典范。

If owning a house in the 20th century was a status symbol, owning a home in the 21st century is considered a right, and a major challenge for architects, and politicians, is how can we give everyone in this world what they deserve, a warm home to call their own. Bell and Stathaki pick out some inspiring examples of architects pioneering low budget housing models across the world, that are also importantly just as characterful, creative and warm as the higher budget homes seen in the book.

如果在20世纪拥有一套房子是身份的象征，那么在21世纪拥有一套房子被认为是一项权利，也是建筑师和政客们面临的一项重大挑战，那就是我们如何才能让这个世界上的每个人都得到他们应得的，一个温暖的家园来称呼他们自己。Bell和Stathaki挑选了一些鼓舞人心的例子，说明建筑师们在世界范围内开创低成本住房模式，这也是非常重要的，就像书中所看到的高成本住宅一样，具有个性、创造性和温暖。

In New Orleans, Jonathan Tate’s ‘starter home thesis’ is brought to life with 3106 St Thomas, a speculative infill site family home that relies on the specifics of its site in order to perform at its best. Heading south to Chile, Alejandro Aravena’s Quinta Monroy is another innovative solution to low cost housing that can be developed in an ad hoc way according to need. Meanwhile in Cape Town, the Urban Think Tank led by academics from ETH Zurich in partnership with local developers are working to create modular housing to improve township conditions.

在新奥尔良，乔纳森·塔特(JonathanTate)的“入门家庭论题”(StThomas3106)成为现实。圣托马斯是一个投机性的充满网站的家庭住宅，它依靠网站的细节来发挥最佳效果。前往智利，Alejandro Aravena的昆塔门罗是另一个创新的解决方案，低成本的住房，可以根据需要以一种特殊的方式开发。与此同时，在开普敦，由苏黎世ETH学者领导的城市智囊团正与当地开发商合作，致力于建造模块化住房，以改善乡镇条件。

If mass housing in the 20th century was defined by monotony and low quality, in the 21st century it is defined by individuality and longevity. Knox Bhavan’s sturdy postmodern take on the Edwardian terrace is a play on the NYC brownstone, while in China,  UN STUDIO has created the Fairyland Guorui villas, a holistic community of 50 homes built of clay-coloured recycled stone that each have a unique configuration. Again the terrace form has been innovated in South Africa, with the Empower Shack that employs local materials and creates an expandable, modular model for required growth.

如果说20世纪的大众住宅是单调的、低质量的，那么在21世纪，它是以个性和寿命来定义的。诺克斯·巴文(Knox Bhavan)对爱德华式露台的强硬后现代风格是纽约褐石上的一出戏，而在中国，联合国工作室创建了仙境国瑞别墅(Fairland Guorui)，这是一个由50座由粘土色再生石头建造的整体社区，每个别墅都有独特的配置。在南非，梯田的形式又一次得到了创新，它采用了当地的材料，并为所需的增长创造了一个可扩展的、模块化的模式。

Amidst a fear of cities homogenising into identical urbanised hubs by the end of the century, the contemporary dweller craves an experience like no other, that is unique and customised. The Contemporary House shows that the house has become an expression of individual style and context, instead of an architectural movement – perhaps a reflection of the agressive capitalism and rise of populism, that has defined the last two decade.

在人们担心到本世纪末城市同质化成为相同的城市化中心的情况下，当代居民最渴望的是一种独一无二的定制体验。“当代之家”显示，这座房子已成为一种个人风格和背景的表达，而不是一场建筑运动-这或许是过去二十年的资本主义和民粹主义崛起的反映。

In São Paulo, Isay Weinfeld forcibly encroaches nature into the built space, alongside timber-lined interiors, piles of books and a palette of furniture, colour and textiles that brings out a distinctly Brazilian mood. While in New Zealand, the Red House designed by Crosson Architects (seen on the cover of the book) uses an inexpensive corrugated iron cladding defying a standard residential typology – and in Athens, Point Supreme’s Petralona House similarly uses colour to reflect the vibrancy and eccentricity of its owners.

在圣保罗，伊赛·温菲尔德(Isay Weinfeld)强行侵占了建筑空间中的自然，此外还有木质内饰、成堆的书籍以及家具、色彩和纺织品的调色板，这让人产生了明显的巴西情绪。在新西兰，克罗森建筑师设计的“红屋”(见书封面)使用了一种价格低廉的波纹铁包层，违抗一种标准的住宅类型-而在雅典，普特罗纳宫(Petralona House)同样使用颜色来反映业主的活力和古怪。

If the 20th century was defined by using resources, the 21st century can be defined by a need to reuse resources. Renovation is a theme that runs throughout the book – from the Dulwich Residence designed by naturehumaine in Canada, that combines a new build extension with a 1920s brick house; to the White house hutong in China by arch studio that refines historic architecture into a functional contemporary home, or in Portugal, where Pablo Pita maintains the original stonework façade of a former house, only to totally redesign the home beneath.

如果20世纪是利用资源来定义的，那么21世纪就可以通过对资源再利用的需求来定义。翻新是一个贯穿全书的主题---从加拿大的Naturehumaine设计的Dulwich住宅，将新的建筑扩展与20世纪20世纪20世纪的砖房结合起来；在中国的白宫胡同里，由ArchStudio将历史建筑改造成一个功能当代的家庭，或者在葡萄牙，PabloPita维护了原来房子的原始石雕作品，只是完全重新设计了家里的房子。

While visually and stylistically, you can expect a surprise on each page of The Contemporary House, every house does have key elements in common. Each house is context conscious, characterful and most importantly, has a roof. The equation of how to house the world’s population safely and responsibly has still not been solved – a challenge for architects for the rest of the 21st century. §

虽然在视觉和风格上，你可以期待一个惊喜的每一页的当代之家，每个房子确实有关键的要素，在共同。每所房子都是有上下文意识的，有特色的，最重要的是，有一个屋顶。如何安全和负责任地安置世界人口的问题仍然没有解决-这对21世纪的建筑师来说是一个挑战。§

当代众议院审查了20世纪的教训。图为勒柯布西耶的“四分派”在法国的住房开发-“当代之家”-考察了20世纪的教训。图为勒柯布西耶的四分位设计师在法国的住宅开发项目。

迈阿密克里斯蒂安·瓦斯曼工作室设计的太阳路径之家是一个有网站意识和特定的房子的例子，它是根据主人的个性和需要定制的太阳路径屋-由迈阿密的克里斯蒂安·瓦斯曼工作室设计的太阳路径之家是一个有网站意识和特定的房子的例子，它是根据主人的个性和需要定制的

勒·柯布西耶和皮埃尔·詹纳埃在日内瓦设计的公寓大楼，与柯布西耶和皮埃尔·詹纳埃设计的日内瓦当代住宅公寓楼中探索的当代住房解决方案有着明显的不同，与在当代住宅中探索的当代住房解决方案有着明显的不同。