© Alexandra Timpau

c.Alexandra Timpau

米斯于1928年9月参观了该网站，并已在同年12月之前制定了计划。新年前夜，他与图根达特家族分享了他的设计，并通过一些小小的改动，起草并启动了新的计划。米斯部署了他的铁框架的新的功能主义概念，消除了承重的内墙，并允许更开放和更轻的空间。别墅由三层(包括地下室)组成，有不同的平面图和形式，每一层都与坡地有不同的关系。

Mies visited the site in September of 1928, and had already produced plans by December of that same year. He shared his design with the Tugendhat family that new year’s eve, and with a few minor changes new plans were drafted and set into motion. Mies deployed his new functionalist concept of iron framework, doing away with load-bearing interior walls and allowing for more open and light spaces. The villa was composed of three levels (including the basement), with different floor plans and forms, each relating differently to the sloping site. 

 © Alexandra Timpau

c.Alexandra Timpau

东南面和花园的正面都是从地板到天花板的全部玻璃。图根达特别墅是一座相当大的房子，有两间儿童卧室和保姆宿舍，在房子前面共用一间浴室，而主人的床和浴室在后面，与露台相连。该设计还包括一个管家公寓和工作人员宿舍。

The Southeast and garden facades were completely glazing from floor to ceiling. The villa Tugendhat was a rather large house, complete with two children’s bedrooms and nanny’s quarters that shared a bathroom at the front of the house, while the master bed and bath were at the rear and connected to the terrace. A housekeeper’s flat and staff quarters were also included in the design.

考虑到奢华的材料、不正常的建筑方法和非凡的新的取暖和冷却技术，这座别墅的价格非常昂贵。这所房子对于私人住宅来说是非常先进的，虽然总成本还不清楚，但是估计值却在五百万捷克克朗附近。在1930年，这笔钱至少可以建造30所小型家庭住宅。在20世纪20年代，布尔诺已经是捷克斯洛伐克现代建筑的中心，而在当时的先锋派中，图根达帽别墅只受到了适度的赞扬。许多左翼精英在艺术界认为新家势利和过火，因为它的丰富的内部设计和家具。

The villa was exceptionally expensive for its time considering the lavish materials, abnormal construction methods, and extraordinary new technologies of heating and cooling. The house was very advanced for a private residence, and while the overall cost was never known, estimates fall somewhere near five million Czech crowns. In 1930, that amount could have built at least 30 small family homes. Brno was already a hub of modern Architecture for Czechoslovakia in the 1920s, and the Villa Tugendhat was only met with moderate praise at best among the avant garde in its time. Many of the left wing elite in the art world viewed the new home as snobbish and overdone because its lush interior design and furnishings.

 © Alexandra Timpau

c.Alexandra Timpau

米斯设计了房子里的所有家具，并精确地选择了每一件和每一件夹具的位置。虽然房子的墙壁或装饰上没有任何艺术，但由于红玛瑙的丰富物质性和在家里使用的稀有热带森林，它从来没有像现在这样光秃秃的或朴素的。这座别墅是由布尔诺的建筑承包商建造的，而铁框架则是由柏林的承包商建造的。

Mies designed all the furniture in the house and chose precisely the placement of each piece and fixture. Although there was no art on the walls or decoration in or on the house, it never came across as bare or plain because of the rich materiality of onyx and rare tropical woods used throughout the home. The villa was built by building contractors in Brno, but the iron framework was constructed by contractors from Berlin.

 © Alexandra Timpau

c.Alexandra Timpau

在当时，钢框架结构对于家庭来说是不寻常的，但同时也带来了米斯非常擅长的许多优点，米斯已经在他著名的巴塞罗那馆中使用过-更薄的墙壁，一种可以从一层到另一层的免费方案，大的玻璃墙，用来打开房间并将它们与花园连接起来等等。总之，最起码和稳定的设计成为米斯住宅成就的一个标志。

Steel frame construction was unusual for homes at that time, but brought with it many advantages that Mies was very occupied with and had already used in his famed Barcelona Pavilion – thinner walls, a free plan that could differ from floor to floor, large walls of glazing to open up rooms and connect them to the garden, etc. Over all the minimal and stable design became a hallmark in Mies’ residential accomplishments.

 © Alexandra Timpau

c.Alexandra Timpau

1938年，图根达特一家人离开捷克斯洛伐克前往委内瑞拉，不久就签订了“慕尼黑协定”，但再也没有回来。二战期间，纳粹盖世太保在这所废弃的房子里建起了公寓和办公室，当时大部分窗户在空袭中被炸毁，原来的家具最终都被偷了。这座别墅于1992年正式签署，将捷克共和国和斯洛伐克分为今天的捷克共和国和斯洛伐克，自1994年以来一直作为博物馆向公众开放。Fritz和Grete Tugendhat的继承人根据关于大屠杀期间没收的艺术品的现行法律，于2007年申请将该别墅恢复所有权。图根达特别墅目前正在进行价值数百万美元的重建/修复，预计将于2012年初完工。

The Tugendhat family left Czechoslovakia for Venezuela in 1938 shortly before The Munich Agreement and never returned. The Nazi Gestapo set up flats and offices in the abandoned house during the World War II, when most of the windows were blown out during air raids and the original furniture was eventually all stolen. The villa was used in 1992 for the formal signing that separated the country into the present day Czech Republic and Slovakia, and since 1994 has been open to the public as a museum. Heirs of Fritz and Grete Tugendhat filed for the reinstitution of the villa into their ownership in 2007 on the basis of laws in place regarding works of art confiscated during the Holocaust. The villa Tugendhat is currently under a multi-million dollar reconstruction/restoration that is scheduled to be finished at the beginning of 2012.

 © Alexandra Timpau

c.Alexandra Timpau

建筑师Mies van der Rohe Location Brno，捷克共和国类别房屋建筑师Mies van der Rohe参考Mies van der Rohe：巴塞罗那斯图加特的建筑与设计

Architects Mies van der Rohe Location Brno, Czech Republic Category Houses Architect Mies van der Rohe References Mies van der Rohe: Architecture and Design in Stuttgart, Barcelona, Brno, Wikipedia Project Year 1930 Photographs Alexandra Timpau