Courtesy of aalto university wood program

Aalto大学木材项目

 Courtesy of aalto university wood program

Aalto大学木材项目

到2050年，全世界难民人数预计将增加到10亿以上。丽娜过渡性避难所是一座临时建筑，可在世界任何地方的危机情况下用于寒冷的气候中。Liina完全是由Aalto大学木材项目的学生设计和建造的，它主要由芬兰的木材和木质材料制成，这不仅是一个优雅而有尊严的方法，而且也是解决这一全球问题的一个可持续的方法。

The number of refugees worldwide is expected to grow to over a billion by 2050. The Liina transitional shelter is a temporary building to be used in cold climates during crisis situations anywhere around the world. Designed and built entirely by the students of the Wood Program at Aalto University, Liina is made of mostly Finnish wood and wood-based materials, making it not only an elegant and dignified but also a sustainable solution to this global problem.

 Courtesy of aalto university wood program

Aalto大学木材项目

作为一种过渡性庇护所，这是危机后的一种次要反应。两个成年人可以在六个小时内组装这个庇护所，只需要一个普通的工具和一张卡通图表。它的设计是为了在灾后重建阶段容纳一个五口之家，为期五年，然后可以升级、搬迁、转售或回收利用。内陆面积为18平方米，符合难民住房每个居民3.5平方米的公认标准。室内有两个半私人的睡眠空间，一个厨房和双重用途的饮食/生活/工作空间。睡眠区上方的阁楼可用作额外的睡眠区域和存储空间。另外还有7平方米的有盖外部空间，供居民在入伙期间提供多种功能。

As a transitional shelter it is intended to be a secondary response after a crisis. The shelter can be assembled by two adults in six hours with only common tools and a cartoon diagram. It is designed to house a family of five for up to five years during the post-disaster reconstruction phase and then can be upgraded, relocated, resold or recycled. The interior area is 18 sqm, designed to comply with the accepted standard of 3.5 sqm per inhabitant in refugee housing. The interior contains two semi-private sleeping spaces, a galley kitchen and dual purpose eating/living/workspace. A loft over the sleeping areas can be used as additional sleeping area and storage. There is an additional seven square meters of covered exterior space meant to serve multiple functions for the inhabitants during their occupancy period.

Liina的概念是基于一系列预制的夹层板，可以方便地运输和组装，可以平装成一个小空间。每个面板有600毫米宽(一片胶合板的一半尺寸)，以减少废物，便于由一个成年人携带。六个面板与简单的，重复的木钉连接在一起形成一个框架，并收紧使用尼龙带(‘Liina’在芬兰语)，就像那些用于运输货物。该皮带创建气密接头，没有任何金属紧固件或使用电动工具现场。该框架然后倾斜和堆叠与其他框架和捆绑在一起的3条带子。最后，用帐篷状的天篷保护建筑物免受水和紫外线的破坏。设计的模块化使增加或减去框架成为可能，以便增加或缩小住房的大小，以满足居民的需要。该庇护所的计划旨在为白天和夜间活动提供不同程度的隐私和空间。

The Liina concept is based on a series of prefabricated sandwich panels that can be easily transported and assembled, and can be flatpacked into a small space. Each panel is 600 mm wide (half the dimension of a piece of plywood) to cut down on waste and to be easily carried by one adult. Six panels are joined together with simple, repeated wooden-dowelled joints to form a frame and tightened using nylon straps (‘liina’ in Finnish), like those used for the transportation of cargo. The strap creates air-tight joints without any metal fasteners or the use of electric-powered tools on-site. The frame is then tilted up and stacked one-by-one with the other frames and tied together with 3 straps. Finally, the building is protected from water and UV damage with a tent-like canopy. The modularity of the design makes it possible to add or subtract frames in order to increase or decrease the size of the shelter to accommodate the needs of the inhabitants. The plan of the shelter was designed to provide varying degrees of privacy and spaces for daytime and nighttime activities.

 Floor Plan

该设计的其他参数包括面板的尺寸和重量、组装的方便性和相当好的隔热性能。其结果是一种低技术的解决方案的胶合板和LVL(层合单板木材)板与木纤维绝缘.继去年秋天的创意竞赛之后，来自10个国家的13名伍德项目学生与一组工程学生合作，建造了该建筑的全尺寸模型，并进行了结构试验，如地震和风洞试验。

Other parameters for the design were the size and weight of the panels, ease of assembly and reasonably good heat insulation. The result is a low-tech solution of plywood and LVL (laminated veneer lumber) panels with wood-fiber insulation. Following an ideas competition last autumn, thirteen Wood Program students from ten countries developed the shelter by constructing full-size models of the building and carrying out structural tests, such as earthquake and wind-tunnel tests, in conjunction with a team of engineering students.

利纳是为土耳其阿拉拉特地区的普遍气候而设计的，它是根据其大陆气候和因地震、干旱和政治动乱等灾害而造成的难民和流离失所者的历史而选择的。然而，丽娜的设计可以很容易地适应各种文化需求和环境情况。2011年5月世界村节期间，在赫尔辛基铁路广场组装了该庇护所的原型。

Liina is designed for the prevailing climate in the Ararat region of Turkey, chosen for its continental climate and history of refugees and displaced people due to disasters such as earthquakes, drought, and political turmoil. However Liina’s design can easily be adapted to a variety of cultural needs and environmental situations. A prototype of the shelter was assembled in Helsinki’s Railway Square during the World Village Festival in May 2011.