架构师提供的文本描述。鉴于英国教育建筑产生的碳排放量约占联合王国公共部门碳排放量的15%，学校不仅有责任而且也有独特的机会为社区树立榜样，以减少我们的碳足迹。科特瑞尔

Text description provided by the architects. Given the fact that UK educational buildings generate approximately 15% of the UK’s carbon emissions attributable to the public sector, schools not only have a responsibility but also a unique opportunity to set an example for communities in the campaign to reduce our carbon footprints. At Cottrell & Vermeulen Architecture we are concerned that as we embark on major building programmes to refurbish primary schools, not enough has been done to test and confirm the best methods and approaches by which to proceed. There is an urgent need to better understand how schools can be refurbished in a sustainable, affordable and low carbon manner.

众所周知，翻修项目更复杂、费用更高，但更倾向于新建学校，因为修缮不太可能达到减排目标，而忽视了现有建筑的“内置”或体现能源。最近的研究表明，新建建筑的二氧化碳排放量是全面翻修的四倍以上。因此，符合现行标准的新建筑在通过降低运营排放来偿还碳债务方面可能需要长达50年的时间才能赶上翻新，届时它们将需要自己进行翻新。

Refurbishment projects are known to be more complex and costly, but a preference for new build schools on the basis that refurbishments are less able to meet carbon reduction targets neglects to take account of the ‘built in’ or embodied energy of an existing building. Recent studies have shown that new build constructions can emit over four times the amount of CO2 than comprehensive refurbishments. It follows that new build constructions meeting current standards could take up to 50 years to catch up with refurbishments in terms of repaying their carbon debt through lower operational emissions, by which time they will be needing refurbishment themselves.

 © Anthony Coleman

C.安东尼·科尔曼

这个项目的设计团队由科特瑞尔领导。

The design team for this project has been led by Cottrell & Vermeulen Architecture, who have being working with the school for almost 19 years. During this time we have explored new ideas and created projects, such as the award winning Cardboard Building, that have influenced Government policy, pushed the boundaries of sustainable design and created an exemplar of collaborative working.

韦斯特伯勒小学被指定为可持续发展学校。小学适龄儿童非常关心对环境的影响，并希望参与学校内可持续特征的发展。通过翻新实现共同愿景的过程本身可以为促进一个可持续的社区提供一个教育机会，这将得到Southend的可持续学校战略的支持。

Westborough Primary School is designated as a sustainable school. Primary aged children are very concerned about the impact on the environment and want to be involved in the development of sustainable features within their school. The process of realising a shared vision through refurbishment can itself provide an educational opportunity toward fostering a sustainable community and this will be supported by Southend’s Sustainable Schools strategy.

 © Anthony Coleman

C.安东尼·科尔曼

最近完成的“零碳翻新”项目是由南部海事局的初级资本计划和教育部共同资助的，并建立在学校管理人员对他们的学校采取的渐进的可持续的方法的基础上。它的目的是为以可持续的方式翻修旧校舍提供一个试验平台，并为全国各地今后的项目提供一个样板。目标是将学校新建地区的碳排放量减少90%。

The recently completed ‘Zero Carbon Refurbishment’ project has been jointly funded by Southend-on-Sea Borough Council’s Primary Capital Programme and Department for Education and builds on the school managements’ progressive sustainable approach to their school. It aims to provide a testbed for ways of refurbishing older school buildings in a sustainable manner and to provide a model for future projects throughout the country. The target is for a 90% reduction in carbon emissions for the newly refurbished areas of the school.

我们对这一项目的做法是基于这样的理念：减少所有能源需求；精益：高效供应需求；绿色：使用可再生能源。

Our approach to this project is based on the idea of Mean: reduce all energy demands; Lean: supply demands efficiently; Green: use of renewable energy.

 © Anthony Coleman

C.安东尼·科尔曼

该项目将提供关于可适用于现有典型学校建筑的碳减少战略有效性的信息。学校的平均、精益、绿色战略有三个要素，每一个要素都将产生有用的信息：

This project will deliver information on the effectiveness of carbon reduction strategies that can be applied to a typical existing school building. The Mean, Lean, Green strategy for the school has 3 elements, and useful information will emerge from each of these:

1)从现有的建筑物测量数据中，我们知道排放了多少碳，哪些用途负责。翻新工程将节省大量费用，原因是改善了墙体和屋顶的隔热性能，改善了窗户，增加了气密性。这些发展是分阶段进行的，因此，我们可以收集有关第一阶段成效的资料，并将其与稍后更新的学校其余部分作比较。

1) From existing measurements of the buildings we know how much carbon is emitted and which uses are responsible. The refurbishment works will result in substantial savings due to improved fabric in terms of wall and roof insulation, improved windows and increased air tightness. The developments are phased, so we will be able to gather information on the effectiveness of the first phase, and compare this to the remaining part of the school to be updated later.

2)主要由于改善照明和照明控制、计算机和系统管理，拟议的增效节余也是如此。我们已经预测了这些措施的影响，我们将了解并报告其实际表现。

2) The same applies to the proposed efficiency savings due mainly to improved lighting and lighting controls, computers and system management. The impact of these has been predicted and we will learn about and report its real performance.

3)第三，拟议的可再生能源系统，即生物质加热和电力照明，将提供关于这些系统在现有学校内所能产生的影响的知识。(风能是最初建议的一部分，但事实证明，在住宅区内不可能获得规划上的同意)。

3) Thirdly the proposed renewable energy systems, namely biomass heating and Photo Voltaics for electricity will deliver knowledge on the impact these are able to provide within an existing school. (Wind energy was part of the original proposal but it proved impossible to achieve planning consent for this within the residential area).

大部分工程的地点是学校的爱德华式红砖主楼.学校建筑已经重新订购，一般都经过翻新和现代化改造，以满足当前的学术要求.学校的主要入口已重新设计，以容纳一个新的接待和等候区，改善出入。在学校操场，新的木屋结构已设计为游戏和储存，并在学校后面的一个天篷提供了一个新的循环路线，并支持光伏电池板。学校周围的监视器显示能源使用和碳排放。

The location for the majority of the work is the school’s Edwardian red-brick main building. The school buildings have been re-ordered, generally refurbished and modernised to current academic requirements. The main school entrance has been redesigned to accommodate a new reception and waiting area with improved access. In the school playground new cabin structures have been designed for play and storage and a canopy along the back of the school provides a new circulation route and supports photo-voltaic panels. Monitors around the school display energy use and carbon emissions.

碳减排工作可概括如下：

The carbon reduction works can be summarised as follows:

 ground plan

现有墙体的绝缘。增加绝缘干燥衬板以改善现有外墙的热性能。

Insulation of existing walls - Insulated Dry lining board added to improve the thermal performance of existing external walls.

屋面保温和引入内屋面衬里

Insulation of roof and introduction of inner roof lining - Insulation bonded to the existing internal surface will improve both thermal and acoustic performance of the roof.

安装二次玻璃-双层玻璃和内部二次玻璃的结合提高了热性能。

Installation of secondary glazing – A combination of double glazing and internal secondary glazing improves thermal performance.

改善建筑气密性-通过现有屋顶通风口控制气流，并确保门窗被正确密封。

Improvement of building air tightness - Control airflow through existing roof vents and ensure windows and doors are properly sealed.

绝缘配电管道-热水和供热管道已经绝缘，以减少损失和改善加热空间的控制。

Insulated distribution pipework - Hot water and heating pipework has been insulated to reduce losses and improve control of heating the space.

 location plan

均值-有效提供需求的干预措施：

MEAN - Interventions to Supply Demands Efficiently:

改造荧光灯使用T5灯-现有荧光灯配件改造后接受更有效的T5灯。能耗降低45%。

Modification of fluorescent lights to use T5 lamps - Existing fluorescent light fittings modified to accept more efficient T5 lamps. Energy consumption reduced by 45%.

照明控制-用于控制教室照明的PIR/日光传感器。

Lighting control - PIR/Daylight sensors used to control classroom lighting.

计算机能源管理-改进现有信息技术基础设施的能源管理。

Computer energy management - Improvements to energy management of existing IT infrastructure.

热电厂运行的优化调度-新的锅炉控制器允许优化调度，以减少不必要的运行时间。

Optimised scheduling of heating plant operation - New boiler controllers allow optimised scheduling to reduce unnecessary running hours.

热水-可供选择的一代-提供“区域性”热水器，可减少多达50%的热水碳排放。

Hot water - alternative generation - Providing ‘regional’ water heaters reduces hot water carbon emissions by up to 50%.

亚计量和能源管理-能源消耗的细分将使人们能够对整个学校的能源消费方式和地点有一个详细的印象。

Submetering and energy management - Submetering of energy consumption will allow a detailed image of how and where energy is consumed throughout the school.

热交换-已安装了热交换系统，以最大限度地利用通风和供暖系统内的能源。

Heat Exchange – Heat exchange systems have been installed to maximise the use of energy within the ventilation and heating system.

 PV & canopy diagram

太阳能光伏-太阳能光伏已经安装在南面的新屋顶结构俯仰。一个典型的，英国的太阳能光伏阵列的输出可以达到每年大约100千瓦时/平方米的电产量。

Solar Photovoltaic - The solar photo voltaics have been installed on the south facing pitch of the new roof structure. Outputs from a typical, UK based, solar photo voltaic array can achieve yearly electrical yields of approximately 100 kWh/m2/Year.

生物质锅炉-作为燃气锅炉的替代品，新型生物质锅炉是满足学校供热需求的一种方式。学校目前使用150千瓦。通过安装生物质锅炉，预计每年可节省66%的加热碳排放。

Biomass Boiler - As an alternative to gas boilers, a new biomass boiler is a way of meeting the heating demands of the school. The school currently uses 150KW. By installing a biomass boiler, it is estimated that 66% of the annual heating carbon emissions will be saved.

雨水收集-一个雨水收集池已安装用于厕所冲洗。

Rainwater Harvesting – A rainwater harvesting tank has been installed for toilet flushing.

这一翻修提供了一项整体战略，旨在通过以下方式减少碳排放：

This refurbishment provides a holistic strategy that aims to reduce carbon emissions by:

-了解现有状况的碳足迹，这是对学校结构进行所有战略干预的基础

- Understanding the carbon footprint of the existing condition which is used as basis for all strategic interventions to the fabric of the school

-根据发现的碳足迹改变学校的行为。

- Modifying behaviour of the school based on the finding of the carbon footprint.

-向学校实施绿色可再生能源，即生物质加热和光伏发电。

- Implementing green renewable energy to the school namely biomass heating and Photo voltaics.

-实施从学校儿童开始的社区教育方案，以提高社区内对能源问题的认识

- Implementing a community education programme that starts with the children at the school to raise awareness of energy issues within the community

-实施分阶段建设方案，从第一阶段的成功中吸取经验教训

- Implementing a phased construction program that can learn from the success of the first phase