架构师提供的文本描述。当德国里斯本学校于1961年第一次建成时，葡萄牙的建筑实践被分为两部分：Estado Novo建筑，以及1948年举行的第一次全国建筑大会、同年现代建筑师组织的成立以及1955年至1961年期间出版的“大众建筑调查”。

Text description provided by the architects. When the German School of Lisbon was first built in 1961, architectural practice in Portugal was divided into Estado Novo architecture and a growing resistance to it, resulting from the 1st National Congress of Architecture in 1948, the creation of the Modern Architects Organization that same year, and the publication of the Popular Architecture Survey that took place between 1955 and 1961.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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在他设计里斯本德国学校的时候，奥托·巴特宁(Otto Bartning)已经完成了一部伴随着现代运动兴起的非凡作品。这位德国建筑师与沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯(Walter Gropius)、埃里希·门德尔松(Erich Mendelsohn)、马克斯·托特(Max Taut)、他还通过建筑师卡尔·莫泽的弟子马克斯·恩斯特·海费利(Max Ernst Haefeli)与瑞士现代运动有联系，并参与了战后德国项目的开发，如汉萨维亚特尔地区的重建(1953-1954年)。

By the time he designed the German School of Lisbon, Otto Bartning had already developed a remarkable work that accompanied the rise of the Modern Movement. The German architect collaborated on several projects with Walter Gropius, Erich Mendelsohn, Max Taut, Bernard Hoetger and Adolf Meyer. He was also connected to the Swiss Modern Movement through Max Ernst Haefeli, a disciple of the architect Karl Moser, and was involved in the development of projects in post-war Germany, such as the reconstruction of the Hansaviertel area (1953-1954).

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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因此，正是在现代运动的背景下建造了里斯本德国学校，这与埃斯特多·诺沃的民族主义建筑实践形成了鲜明对比。通过这项工作，奥托·巴特宁就葡萄牙建筑领域的必要和紧急改革发表了明确的声明。建筑综合体的布局配置了绿色空间，并允许在学校校园内流动，与当时的农村周边地区进行互动。如今，这所学校被里斯本的高密度住宅区Telheiras所包围。由于新的功能和方案的需要，整体的和谐被暂时性的和间接的建筑逐渐去个人化，这与最初的项目无关。

It was therefore in the context of the Modern Movement that the German School of Lisbon was built, in contrast to the nationalist architectural practice imposed by the Estado Novo. With this work, Otto Bartning made a clear statement about the necessary and emergent reform of the Portuguese architecture scene. The layout of the building complex configured green spaces and allowed a flowing circulation throughout the school campus, interacting with its rural surrounding areas at that time. The school is nowadays surrounded by the high-density residential area of Telheiras, in Lisbon. Due to new functional and programmatic needs, the harmony of the whole was progressively depersonalized by transient and circumstantial constructions, unrelated to the original project.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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Jo o Luís Carrilho da Gra a项目是在一个旨在修复里斯本德国学校的国际竞赛中选定的，以适应新的学校活动和课程要求。该项目以三项基本原则为基础：

João Luís Carrilho da Graça’s project was selected in an international competition which aimed at the rehabilitation of the German School of Lisbon, adapting it to meet new school activities and curricula demands. The project was based on three fundamental principles:

1.对现有建筑物进行现代化改造-通过拆除所有临时干预措施，恢复和重新解释以前的结构的正式和功能性，使其适应学校的新功能，并强调原有建筑物的质量。

1. Modernizing the existing buildings – to recover and reinterpret the formal and functional articulation of the previous structure, adapting it to a new functioning of the school and stressing the quality of the original buildings, by demolishing all the temporary interventions.

“(…)对于社会存在的巨大机构来说，意见就像石油对机器一样：一个人不走到涡轮机跟前，把机器的油倒在上面；把它稍微应用于你必须知道的隐藏的纺锤和接头上。“(本杰明、沃尔特、单行道和其他著作。反式。埃德蒙·杰夫科特和金斯利·肖特。伦敦：北草坪会议大楼，1979年，p。45)Carrilho da Gra a对校舍的干预表明，有可能重新解释现代运动的原则(Otto Bartning的设计是以该运动为基础)，并将其与加强和优化原建筑质量的新基础设施相协调。

“(…) Opinions are to the vast apparatus of social existence what oil is to machines: one does not go up to a turbine and pour machine oil over it; one applies it a little to hidden spindles and joints that one has to know.” (Benjamin, Walter, One-way Street, and other writings. Trans. Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter. London: NLB, 1979, p. 45) Carrilho da Graça’s intervention on the school premises demonstrates that it is possible to reinterpret the principles of the Modern Movement (on which Otto Bartning based his design) and reconcile them with new infrastructures that reinforce and optimize the qualities of the original buildings.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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将新的基础设施引入有盖通道连接的教学大楼和行政大楼，并将现代覆盖材料应用于楼层和天花板，以优化其声学和热性能。这些材料是经过仔细挑选的，以便与Otto Bartning的项目保持一致的对话。在这套建筑物中，干预是受到学校计划指引的很大限制；例如，幼稚园大楼根本没有受到任何干预。

New infrastructures were introduced into the teaching blocks connected by covered pathways and into the administrative building, and modern covering materials were applied to floors and ceilings, so as to optimize their acoustic and thermal performance. These materials were carefully chosen in order to maintain a consistent dialogue with Otto Bartning’s project. In this particular set of buildings, the intervention was quite conditioned by the guidelines of the School’s programme; the kindergarten building, for instance, did not receive any intervention at all.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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唯一经过重大功能改造的结构是一座拥有核心和共同设施的建筑，其中设有礼堂、餐厅和体育馆。它和A座一起形成了一个带有游泳池的露台。在内部，用新的设备和声学处理对礼堂进行了升级；优化了餐厅空间，并引入了一家咖啡店，延伸到游泳池附近的露台区；最后，在原来的体育馆所在的地方建造了一个新的图书馆。

The only structure to undergo a major functional adaptation was a building with core and common facilities, where the auditorium, cafeteria and gymnasium were located. Together with Block A, it forms a patio with a swimming pool. On the inside, the auditorium was upgraded with new equipments and acoustic treatment; the cafeteria space was optimized and a coffee shop was introduced, extending into the patio area near the pool; finally, a new library was built where the original gymnasium stood.

新校规对体育设施的要求有一个不同的空间。因此，Carrilho da Gra a重新解释了Otto Bartning设计的旧运动场，创建了一个新图书馆、一个媒体中心和教师工作区。在这个空间里巧妙地增加了一个新的空间，把大厅的双高分成两层：阅览室位于较低的楼层，而上层是媒体中心和工作区。在这个新卷的内部，在阅读区上方，玻璃表面允许楼层之间的垂直渗透关系。这是理解图书馆的一个关键因素-从阁楼看到它高高的天花板，从大开口从东方来的自然日光激发了一种有利于阅读的特殊气氛。

The requirements of the new school regulations on sports facilities called for a different space. Thus, Carrilho da Graça reinterprets the old sports hall, designed by Otto Bartning, creating a new library, a media center and work areas for teachers. A new volume was subtly incorporated within this space, breaking the hall’s double height into two levels: the reading room is located on the lower floor, whereas the upper floor houses the media center and the working areas. On the interior of this new volume, and above the reading area, a glass surface allows a permeable vertical relation between floors. This is a key element in the understanding of a library – its high ceilings, when seen from the mezzanine, and the natural daylight coming from the east through large openings evoke a special atmosphere conducive to reading.

2.新建体育场馆

2. Building a new sports hall

如上所述，必须建造一个新的体育馆，以满足学校关于体育设施的新规定的要求，并满足对更大空间的需要。这座建筑位于校园正门以东，与两座既有的建筑一起形成了一个入口广场，这里曾经是一个停车场。该结构上升为一个纯粹的体积与两层，利用网站的地形。进入上层是从一个平台，这也可以作为一个地点观看户外运动项目。在内部，一个阁楼，在同一水平与外部平台，作为一个观众站。

As already mentioned above, a new gymnasium had to be built in order to meet the requirements of new school regulations on sports facilities, as well as to address the need for a larger space. The building is located east of the campus main entrance and, together with two pre-existing buildings, forms an entrance square where a parking lot used to be. The structure rises as a pure volume with two storeys, taking advantage of the site’s topography. The access to the upper level is from a platform, which may also be used as a spot to watch outdoor sports events. On the inside, a mezzanine, at the same level as the outside platform, acts as a spectator stand.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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技术区域、辅助服务和更衣室位于较低层，位于夹层和外部平台下。从这里，我们可以进入体育馆，户外运动场，并最终到达露台游泳池，通过一个地下通道。球场上方的自然照明系统有助于运动场的氛围和作为“混合容器”的身份，这是一个能够举办许多不同活动的多用途设施。

The technical areas, ancillary services and changing rooms are located on the lower level, under the mezzanine and the outside platform. From here we can access the gym court, the outdoor playing fields and finally reach the patio swimming pool, through an underground passage. A natural lighting system above the court contributes to the sports hall’s ambience and identity as “hybrid container”, a multi-purpose facility able to host many different events.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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3.新建小学

3. Building a new primary school

位于校园西南方向的建筑群对面是小学。这是一座两层楼长的建筑，沿着学校的周边延伸，既划定了操场的边界，又起到了抵御繁忙公路噪音的屏障作用(阿韦尼达将军诺顿·德马托斯)(Avenida General Norton De Matos)。

On the opposite side of the building complex, located southwest of the campus, is the Primary School. It is a two-storey elongated structure that extends along the perimeter of the school, both demarcating the playground and acting as a barrier against the noise coming from a busy highway (Avenida General Norton de Matos).

热和声质量是由不透明的混凝土墙向南，部分地下和落叶植被覆盖。它有一个连续的半透明玻璃表面加冕。相反，北面的立面完全被玻璃覆盖，提供了理想的自然照明，并与操场草坪创造了一种可渗透的关系。

Thermal and acoustic quality is ensured by the opaque concrete wall facing south, partially underground and covered by deciduous vegetation. It is crowned with a continuous surface of translucent glass. In contrast, the north facing elevation, which is totally covered in glass, provides an ideal natural lighting and creates a permeable relationship with the playground lawn.

在这座大楼的内部，流通通道位于南侧，而行政办公室、服务机构和教室则朝北。

On the inside of this building, the circulation paths were placed on the south side, while the administrative offices, services and classrooms face north.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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底层大致被更多的社会领域-行政和服务-以及集体学习空间-车间、多用途房间以及最东边的音乐室所占据。在大部分情况下，上层由教学室组成。两层楼的循环路径被一系列的楼梯叠加和连接，直接进入教室；这一系列楼梯和多个开口创造了一个“对角线空间”，传达了两个流通区域的三维感觉，从而将两者结合在一起并统一起来。

The ground floor is roughly occupied by the more social areas – administration and services – and collective learning spaces – workshops, multi-purpose rooms and, at its furthest point to the east, music rooms. For the most part, the upper floor comprises teaching rooms. The circulation paths of both floors are superposed and connected by a series of stairs giving direct access to the classrooms; this series of stairs and the multiple openings create a “diagonal space” that conveys a three-dimensional sense of the two circulation areas, thus brought together and unified.

 © Fernando Guerra | FG+SG

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Carrilho da Gra a的两座新建筑与他们的前辈有着明显的突破，这一突破强调了Otto Bartning的工作，并合法地及时定位了这两种干预措施。然而，在新结构的合并方式，空间的性质和所使用的材料，人们可以识别一个秩序，这是由事件居住时完成。

Carrilho da Graça’s two new buildings assume a clear break with their predecessors, a break that emphasizes Otto Bartning’s work and legitimately locates both interventions in time. However, in the way the new structures were incorporated, the nature of the spaces and the materials used, one can recognize an order, which gets completed when inhabited by events.

Architects JLCG Arquitectos

Location Lisbon, Portugal

Category Renovation

Architect in charge João Luís Carrilho da Graça

Project Team Francisco Freire, Paulo Costa, Joanna Malitski, Vera Schmidberger, Paula Miranda, Marcos Roque, Raquel Morais, Luis Cordeiro, Vanessa Pimenta, Nuno Pinto

Area 4500.0 m2

Project Year 2010

Photographs Fernando Guerra | FG+SG