© Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

在欧洲新自由主义的新时代即将来临之际，社会住房再次受到越来越多的漠不关心。隐含的假设是，下层社会阶层的公寓应该是小的、狭小的、黑暗的、糟糕的和丑陋的。

At the dawn of a new era of neo-liberalism in Europe, social housing is once again regarded with increasing indifference. The implicit assumption is that apartments for the lower social classes ought to be small, cramped, dark, badly built and ugly.

 © Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

建筑艺术意义上的建筑在这里几乎不起作用，因为市场营销和空间品质被认为是不重要和多余的。此外，由于环境法律的收紧，社会住房发展面临巨大的财政压力，这意味着技术设备和建筑组件的成本大幅增加，并对设计机会产生不利影响。

Architecture in the sense of a building art hardly plays a role here, for marketing and spatial qualities are regarded as unimportant and superfluous. Furthermore, social housing developments are facing great financial pressures due to a tightening of environmental laws, which entails a considerable increase in costs for technical equipment and building components, and negatively affects design opportunities.

国际明星建筑师对这个话题几乎没有任何兴趣。因此，很少有替代方案(标准解决方案)被生产出来，通过成为展示品，可以作为催化剂来打破最近的停滞。

International star-architects barely show any interest in the topic. Accordingly, very few alternatives (to standard solutions) are being produced which, by becoming showcases, could act as catalysts to break out of the recent stasis.

 © Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

兹沃勒的Hiphouse项目为Atelier Kempe Thill提供了一个从根本上质疑“社会住房”任务的好机会。在很大程度上，由于客户的雄心和城市规划者的积极支持，一个原型项目可以在不超过典型荷兰可比项目标准预算的情况下实现。建筑手段的彻底最小化和对建筑过程的过程和技术的明显断言有助于实现生活质量的最大化。

The Hiphouse project in Zwolle presented Atelier Kempe Thill with a welcome opportunity to fundamentally question the assignment ‘social housing’. Largely due to the client’s ambition and the active support of urban planners, a prototypical project could be realized without exceeding a typical Dutch standard budget for comparable projects. A radical minimization of architectural means and a visible assertion of the processes and technologies of the building process helped to realize a maximum of living quality.

玻璃塔集中式类型：甲板访问类型的另一种选择

Glass Tower Centralized Typology: An Alternative to the Deck-Access Typology

 © Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

在荷兰，甲板通道类型是最常见的多层社会住宅形式，因为大量的公寓可以连接到数量有限的楼梯间。尽管这种类型学所代表的社会耻辱，它仍然是一个几乎不可避免的解决办法。由于其极端的成本效益，它现在仍被大量使用。通过兹沃勒的中央循环实现的非常紧凑的建筑类型提供了一种经济和有竞争力的选择。

The deck-access typology is the most common form of multi-story social housing in the Netherlands, because a large number of apartments can be connected to a limited number of stairwells. Despite the social stigma this typology has come to represent, it remains an almost inevitable solution. Due to its extreme cost-efficiency it is still being employed today in large numbers. The very compact building typology realized through the central circulation in Zwolle offers an economic and competitive alternative.

砌块的面积为23m×32m，每层提供8个单元，相对于其楼面面积而言，其立面面积非常有限；这有利于影响建筑成本，并能够对立面进行高质量的详细设计。这些住房单元是围绕着一个中央核心组织的，其中包括一个双层楼梯和一个电梯。平面布局将较大的公寓布置到空间感兴趣的角落，从而形成具有双重取向的公寓。

The building block, measuring 23m x 32m and providing 8 units per floor, has a very limited facade surface in relation to its floor area; this favourably affects building costs and enables the high quality detailing of the facade. The housing units are organized around a central core containing a double stair and an elevator. The plan layout allocates the larger apartments to the spatially interesting corners, thus creating apartments with double orientation.

 © Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

较小的工作室公寓要么面向东方，要么面向西部，保证所有公寓都能获得最佳阳光。为了弥补它的体积紧凑，建筑物的表面是一贯的玻璃。阳极氧化铝型材保持高质量的太阳能保护玻璃，形成正面。视观众的位置而定，建筑物表面似乎覆盖着透明的皮肤或反光的表面；此外，滑动门提供了宽大的立面开口。

The smaller studio apartments either face east or west, guaranteeing optimum sunlight for all apartments. To compensate for its volumetric compactness, the building’s surface is consistently glazed. Anodized aluminium profiles hold the high quality solar-protection glazing to form the facade. Depending on the viewer’s position the building appears to be covered by a transparent skin or a reflective surface; furthermore, sliding doors provide generously dimensioned facade openings.

 © Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

作为一个整体，一个非常微妙的视觉平衡是可以实现的。窗户的功能网格和底层建筑构成了一个严格的建筑秩序，这是一个平衡的自发拼贴彩色公寓内部。在展示城市生活的复杂性的过程中，出现了一个充满活力和乐观的形象，与周边地区进行了密集的交流。这个形象是集体的，也是个人的，因为它是在每个居民的积极参与下有意识地或无意识地形成的。因此，“使用中的建筑物”实质上变成了立面。

As a whole, a very delicate visual balance is achieved. The functional grid of the windows and the underlying construction form a rigid architectural order, which is counterbalanced by a spontaneous collage of colourful apartment interiors. In a display of the complexities of city life a vital and optimistic image emerges, striking up intensive communication with the neighbourhood. This image is collective as well as individual, for it is - consciously or unconsciously - formed with the active participation of every inhabitant. The ‘building in use’ therefore essentially becomes the facade.

作为集体空间的循环：中庭

Circulation as Collective Space: The Atrium

空间周边的公寓布置创造了在不需要额外费用的情况下插入中央中庭的机会。一个5.4米高的入口大厅允许进入这个空间，这是一个垂直的26米，并被一个天窗照明。在建筑的核心，中庭提供了意想不到的空间慷慨，这与外表形成了惊人的对比。

The arrangement of apartments along the volume’s perimeter creates the opportunity to insert a central atrium at no additional cost. A 5.4m high entrance hall gives access to this space, which measures a vertical 26m and is illuminated by a skylight. At the core of the building, the atrium lends an unexpected spatial generosity, which stands in surprising contrast to the external appearance.

 elevation 01

elevation 01

由于预算有限，中央中庭在粗犷的未完成的美学中进行了连贯的设计。混凝土墙仍未完工，楼板上有一层声学灰泥，扶手只是镀锌，简单的工业灯配件直接安装在墙上。因此，一个复杂的空间实体出现了，故意展示，但也庆祝的‘新贫困’的当代建筑。

Due to the limited budget the central atrium was coherently designed in the rugged aesthetics of the unfinished. The concrete walls remain unfinished, the floor slabs receive a coating of acoustic plaster, handrails are merely galvanized and simple industrial light fittings are mounted directly onto the walls. As a result, a complex spatial entity emerges, deliberately displaying, but also celebrating, the ‘new poverty’ of contemporary building.

通过它的慷慨，流通空间成为居民之间社会互动的一个区域，并充分表达了权宜之计的租户联盟的集体。

By its generosity the circulation space becomes an area for social interaction between inhabitants and adequately expresses the collective of an expedient alliance of tenants.

全景与光明：社会住房的解放

Panorama and Light: The Emancipation of Social Housing

 elevation 02

elevation 02

进入公寓后，显而易见的是，即使在社会住房中，真正的奢侈品也是不可或缺的。单位照明非常好，最小的流通面积和大的居住空间与独立的厨房积木。阁楼空间不是为富裕的精英们保留的一种排他性的生活形式，而是在社会住房的背景下也可以实现的。低收入阶层的解放将持续下去，但同样重要的是，必须通过提高个人住房质量来实现这一目标。

Upon entering the apartments it becomes evident that even in social housing real luxury should be indispensable. The units are very well lit, with minimal circulation areas and large living spaces with freestanding kitchen blocks. Loft spaces are not an exclusive form of living reserved for a well-to-do elite, but are also realizable in the context of social housing. An emancipation of the lower income classes will last but not least have to be achieved through an increase in the quality of individual housing.

从地板到天花板的窗户给公寓一种悬空景观高原的感觉；自然环境成为空间的一部分，并将室内扩展到其物理边界之外。雨、太阳、云、风和绿色植物决定了室内的大气。

The floor-to-ceiling windows give the apartments a feel of suspended landscape plateaus; the natural environment becomes a part of the space and expands the interior beyond its physical boundaries. Rain, sun, clouds, wind and greenery determine the atmosphere of the interior.

 © Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

c.Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz

当大门打开时，这种效果会被放大，把房间变成通风的露台。传统社会住房中普遍存在的收缩感已不复存在。以最小的手段，最大限度地丰富空间是可能的。因此，当房客说：‘我从来没有见过像我在公寓里这样美丽的日落时，这并不令人惊讶。“这似乎只是一个严格的概念，公寓作为建筑空间的逻辑结果。

This effect is amplified when the large doors are slid open, transforming the rooms into airy terraces. Gone is the feeling of constriction prevalent in traditional social housing. A maximum of spatial richness is possible with a minimum of means. It therefore doesn’t come as a surprise when a tenant says: ‘Never have I seen such beautiful sunsets as I do from my apartment.” It merely seems like a logical result of a rigorous conception of the apartment as architectural space.