Ants House Espegel

架构师提供的文本描述。蚂蚁之家是正式设想的，考虑到周围的环境和它的位置在曼扎纳雷斯公园的一大片土地上，沉浸在马德里附近的山里。

Text description provided by the architects. The Ants' House is formally conceived considering the surrounding environment and its location on a large plot in the Manzanares Park, immersed in the mountains near Madrid.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

这座房子的目的是控制它入口处的广阔的自然世界。它的形状是由自然设计的。就像伸出的一只手，房子穿过杏树，从树枝之间伸出，到达不同的空间和灯光效果。

The house is meant to dominate the vast natural world which lies beyond its entrance. Its shape is designed by nature. Just like an outstretched hand, the house works its way through the almond trees reaching out from in between the branches, reaching towards different spaces and lights effects.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

它的位置，在南坡的山，使房子有利的气候和环境特点。马德里山区气候温和，夏季温暖宜人，冬季寒冷，阳光充足，夏季夜晚凉爽，是生物气候设计的理想地点。

Its location, on the southern slope of the mountains, gives the house favourable climatic and environmental features. The climate of the mountains of Madrid, with mild Winters and pleasantly warm Summers, combines cold temperatures with plenty of sunshine during the Winter and cool nights in the Summer, making it an ideal location for bioclimatic design.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

这一位置结合了两个基本条件：靠近城市中心和交通便利，以及山区和自然环境的乐趣。房子里也有二元论：自然与人为。

The location, combines two basic conditions: proximity to an urban centre and ease of access, as well as the pleasure of the mountains and the natural surroundings. Dualism is also present in the house: nature vs man-made.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

这座房子是一座两层楼，中间有一个混凝土楼梯。一楼是一个大的休憩空间，具有不同的功能：读书区、壁炉、社交区、露台外的视野、厨房、洗衣、储藏和设施。这个单一的空间延伸到南露台，它与游泳池和一棵大杏仁树接壤，最后在一个有盖的室外就餐区的混凝土板的跨度下结束。

The house is a two level building with a concrete staircase located in a central position. The ground floor, which adapts to the sloped ground through a wide ramp, is a large open space which has different functions: a reading zone, a fireplace, a socialising area, an outward view towards the patio, a service area which comprises the kitchen, as well as the laundry, storage and facilities. This single space extends as far as the South Terrace, it borders with the swimming pool and a large almond tree, and eventually ends under the span of a concrete slab, in a covered outdoor dining area.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

第一层位于较低层的一部分，在室外就餐区的悬臂上有一个客房，为孩子们提供了一间有大型游戏室的卧室，还有一间设有阁楼的主卧室，在床上建立了一个天篷，可以俯瞰北山。

The first floor, built over part of the lower one, hosts a guestroom in the cantilever over the outdoor dining area, a  bedroom for the children with a large playroom, and the master bedroom with a mezzanine which creates a canopy over the bed and provides a view over the Northern mountains.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

最后，大跨度结构，是封闭的混凝土板和墙壁，包裹在半透明的玻璃皮保护西方的太阳用铝板。

Lastly, the great spanned structure, is closed by a concrete slabs and walls, wrapped in a translucent glass skin protected from the western sun by aluminum slats.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

由于房子的形状，它充当了一个“太阳漏斗”，具有高度的被动太阳能收集，向南和向西开洞，而朝北的尺寸和剖面越多，就可以防止过度的热量损失，这是典型的这种情况。南方的阳光，冬天温暖，夏天无害，是建筑最吸引人的地方。西边的太阳在冬季不那么强烈和温和，而在夏季则是水平的但炎热的，是由可倾斜的外部遮阳所控制的。

Because of its shape, the house acts as a "solar funnel" with a high degree of passive solar collection, with openings towards the South and West, whereas the more contained size and profile facing North prevents excessive heat loss, typical of this orientation. The southern sun, warm in the Winter and harmless in the Summer, is what the building captures most. The western sun, less intense and milder in the Winter and horizontal but hot in the Summer, is controlled by tiltable external sunshades.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

在冬季，采暖是通过南方暴露地区的直接太阳能增益、太阳能集热器在屋顶上的间接贡献以及内部区域的地板采暖来实现的。在夜间，要求从玻璃的最大绝缘，这是通过包围它的周边天鹅绒窗帘。额外的动力支持是由一个燃气锅炉和一个壁炉在阅读区，可以受益于这种辐射。

During the Winter the heat intake is achieved by direct solar gain in areas with a southern exposure, and by the indirect contribution of solar collectors on the roof as well as floor heating in the internal zones. During the night maximum insulation is required from the glazing, this is achieved by enclosing its perimeter with velvet curtains. Extra power support is provided by a gas boiler and a fireplace located in the reading area which can benefit from this radiation.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

在夏季，强烈的南方阳光是通过保护上面地板悬臂的立面来遮挡的，而西面则是在秋千架上用可调的水平铝板来保护。采用凹版窗降低室内温度，提供永久的交叉通风：安装在起居室和主卧室玻璃的上部。该系统可在夏季取暖降温，而悬挂在混凝土板上的大型叶片风机则在冬季以低速工作，提供夏季的凉爽。宽露台表面的隔热是通过永久植被覆盖来实现的，它通过蒸散来减少太阳的热量。

In the Summer, intense southern sun is screened by protecting the façades with the upper floor cantilever, and the Western façade is protected by adjustable horizontal aluminum slats on a swing frame. The inside temperature is lowered by using Gravent type windows, which provide permanent cross ventilation: they are installed in the upper parts of the glass panes in the living room and master bedroom. The system can extract heat and cool off the roof during the Summer months, while the large blade fans, hanging from the concrete slab, work at low speed to unlay the hot air in the Winter and provide cool in the Summer. The insulation of the wide terrace surface is obtained by a permanent vegetative cover, which reduces the heat  of the sun by evapotranspiration.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

该产品有一个带区域恒温调节的地板辐射采暖系统：主要的贡献来自于真空管集热器的16平米面积上捕捉到的太阳能。地板辐射采暖的能量储存在一个750升的双层保温水箱中，另外300升用于热水[ACS]。进一步的加热支撑是由天然气混合使用的锅炉组成的.

The property has a radiant floor heating system with zonal thermostatic regulation: the main contribution comes from the solar energy captured over a 16 m2 area of  vacuum tube collectors. The energy for radiant floor heating  is stored in a  750 litre tank with double insulation, with an additional 300 liters for hot water [ACS]. Further heating support consists in a natural gas mixed-use boiler.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

在没有人居住的情况下，太阳热主要用于调节空间和维持固定的温度设定点。这种热量在储存温度为30°C或降至25°C时，这种热量会在辐射地板上循环，当温度超过内部设定点时，循环就会停止，当累积温度超过温度极限时，累积温度就会增加到50°C。将热量重定向到游泳池，游泳池配有热盖，以防止温度损失。这使得夏季前后的沐浴季节至少延长了两个月，同时也增加了收藏家的寿命。

In absence of occupants, solar heat is primarily used to temper the space and maintain the fixed temperature setpoint. This heat will circulate through the radiant floor as long as the storage temperature is at 30 °C  or until it falls to 25 °C. When the temperature exceeds the interior setpoint, circulation will be deactivated, producing an increase in the accumulation temperature up to 50 °C. Whenever the accumulation temperature exceeds the temperature limit, heat is redirected to the swimming pool which is equipped with a thermal cover to prevent temperature loss. This allows the bathing season to be extended by at least two months before and after the Summer, and also increases the life of the collectors.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

房屋的盲面被包裹在外面一层5毫米厚的露天玻璃中，半透明的丁醛由水平钢底座固定在钢筋混凝土墙壁上，或用锚固元件固定在轻型蜂窝混凝土砌块上，形成垂直通风气室。这些墙所用的绝缘材料是一层8厘米的岩棉层，插在30厘米的混凝土墙外面。

The blind façades of the house have been wrapped in an outer layer of stadip 5+5 mm glass with translucent butyral held by a horizontal steel substructure fixed to the reinforced concrete walls or to the light cellular concrete blocks using anchorage elements which create  a vertical ventilation air chamber. The insulation used in these walls is an 8 cm rock wool layer plugged to the outside of the 30 cm concrete wall.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

所有的木工和玻璃具有高绝缘性和低发射率性能。绝缘木工配备了Climaplus(8/16/5)双层玻璃，由内部Planitherm层、外Planilux层和充氩气室组成。在某些情况下，如在门厅和院子里，用彩色玻璃来传达一种人为的感觉。

All The carpentry and glazing have high insulation and low emissivity properties. The insulated carpentry has been provided with the Climaplus (8/16/5+5) double glazing, which consists of an inner Planitherm layer and an outer Planilux layer and an argon gas filled  air chamber. Coloured glass has been used in some cases, as in the entrance hall and the courtyard, to convey a sense of artificiality.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

由于房屋的玻璃面积大，选用了钢筋混凝土墙和板的重型结构，在整个建筑中实现了较高的热惯性：这与混凝土地板一起，提高了地板的采暖效率。

Due to the large glazed areas of the house, a heavy structure of reinforced concrete walls and slabs was chosen to achieve high thermal inertia throughout the building:  this, together with the concrete floor, increases the efficiency of floor heating.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

没有冷却系统是必要的，因为正确的生物气候设计。

No cooling system has been necessary thanks to the correct bioclimatic design.

 © Joaquín Mosquera

c.华金·莫斯克拉

房子的建筑在地块上铺满了小而低强度的聚落：有光伏电池的避雷针、大的圆形花坛、位于自然地面上的隔热地板、混凝土圆形板、木质楼梯，这些都给自然环境带来了韵律。

The architecture of the house spreads over the plot using small, low intensity settlements: lightning sticks provided with photovoltaic cells, large circular flowerbeds, insulated flooring concrete circular slabs resting on natural ground, wood staircases, which give rhythm to the natural surroundings.