架构师提供的文本描述。鲁夫功

Text description provided by the architects. Courtesy of Rufwork

在过去的30年里，农村村民的大规模迁移不仅促进了中国城市的发展，而且对他们的农村家园也产生了同样巨大的影响。农村正在经历巨大的经济、社会和物质变化，这只会加速，因为中国准备在未来30年里进一步城市化剩余7亿农村人口中的一半。

Over the last 30 years the mass migration of rural villagers has not only enabled the growth of Chinese cities but has had an equally dramatic effect on their rural homeland. The rural is undergoing dramatic economic, social and physical changes that will only accelerate as China prepares to further urbanize half of its remaining 700 million rural citizens over the next 30 years.

伴随着这些变化的是中国本土建筑的转型：从特定地区的建筑类型向普通、混凝土、砖瓦建筑的大规模转变。在这种可能对社会景观和建筑景观进行极端变化的场景中，架构师完全不存在。事实上，这个行业最相关的问题是：在架构被认为没有必要的情况下，建筑师能做些什么？

These changes are being accompanied by a transformation in the vernacular architecture of China: a wholesale shift from regionally specific building types to generic, concrete, brick and tiled buildings. Within this scenario of potentially extreme changes to the social and built landscape, the architect is wholly absent. Indeed, the most relevant question for the profession is: what can an architect do in a context where architecture is deemed unnecessary?.

鲁夫功

Courtesy of Rufwork

石家村位于陕西省北部，靠近西安市。该项目由卢克·希姆·索慈善信托基金资助，并得到陕西妇联和香港大学的支持。我们在那里的项目着眼于乡土村寨的想法，并试图提出一个当代的原型。最初是一次由香港大学学生参加的体验式学习工作坊。石家村的所有房屋都是泥砖建筑，占地面积相同：10米x30米。

Shijia Village is located in the northern province of Shaanxi, near the city of Xi’an. The project was funded by the Luke Him Sau Charitable Trust with support from the Shaanxi Women’s Federation and The University of Hong Kong. Our project there looks at the idea of the vernacular village house and attempts to propose a contemporary prototype. Initially it began as an experiential learning workshop with students from The University of Hong Kong. All the houses in Shijia Village are originally of mud brick construction and occupy parcels of the same configuration: 10 m x 30 m.

每栋房屋都处在一个漫长的变化过程中，村民们逐渐在庭院类型的基础上进行改造和建造，传统元素与新砖混建筑融合在一起。除了统一界定的地块边界外，没有哪一栋房子是一样的。学生们记录并采访了村里的各个家庭，共同编撰了一幅中国现代乡村住宅的肖像：不仅描绘了建筑类型，还描绘了一种转型中的生活方式。

The houses are each in the midst of a long process of change as villagers gradually renovate and build upon the courtyard typology, traditional elements fused with new brick and concrete buildings. Apart from the identically defined parcel boundary, no two houses are alike. Students documented and interviewed various families in the village, collectively compiling a portrait of the modern Chinese village house: a portrait not only of building types but of a lifestyle in transition.

鲁夫功

Courtesy of Rufwork

也许这幅画像的任何方面都比不上乡村承包商的崛起。当房屋从泥砖变成混凝土和瓷砖时，施工过程本身就发生了根本的变化。由于大多数身强力壮的村民已经离开城市去工作，雇用外部劳动力和材料取代了集体的自我建设，从而使村庄的物质转型成为从经济自力更生向依赖制度的更大转变的症状，威胁到了农村生计的概念。

Perhaps no aspect of this portrait is as relevant as the rise of the village contractor. As the houses transform from mud brick to concrete and tile, the construction process itself has been radically altered. As most able-bodied villagers have left to work in cities, the hiring of outside labor and materials has replaced collective self-construction, thus making the physical transformation of the village a symptom of a larger shift from economic self-reliance into a system of dependency, threatening the very concept of a rural livelihood.

鲁夫功

Courtesy of Rufwork

在中国的情况下，乡村生活最好的表现方式可能是利用家庭庭院，那里的大部分生活都是在这里进行的。事实上，一个村庄的大部分休憩空间都包含在房子的墙壁里。这就建立了庭院和其他室内房间之间的亲密关系，这种关系既有视觉上的，也有功能上的。我们的原型住宅设计包括四个功能庭院作为房子的主要元素。庭院被插入整个房子，与主要的功能性房间有关：厨房，浴室，客厅，卧室。另外，每个庭院在空间上都是独一无二的。可以说，这座房子是围绕着庭院设计的。

In the Chinese context, rural livelihood is perhaps best expressed through the utilization of the domestic courtyard, where much of life takes place.  Indeed, the majority of a village’s open space is contained within the walls of the house. This sets up an intimate relationship between the courtyard and other interior rooms that is both visual and functional. Our prototype house design includes four functional courtyards as the primary elements of the house. The courtyards are inserted throughout the house to relate to the main functional rooms: kitchen, bathroom, living room, bedrooms. In addition each courtyard is spatially unique. One could say the house is designed around the courtyards.

鲁夫功

Courtesy of Rufwork

原型房屋的主要意图之一是抵制村民对外部商品和服务的日益依赖。屋顶是多功能的，为烘干食物提供了空间，提供了座位的步骤，并在雨季提供了一种收集和储存雨水的手段，以便在漫长和干燥的夏季能够使用。房子成了自力更生的典范。庭院里有猪和地下沼气系统为烹饪提供能量。炉子里的烟在离开烟囱之前通过传统的康体或加热床被排出。

One of the main intentions of the prototype house is to resist the villagers’ increasing dependency on outside goods and services. The roof is multifunctional, providing a space for drying food, steps for seating and, in the rainy season, a means to collect and store rainwater so that it can be used during the long and dry summers.. The house becomes an example of self-reliance. The courtyards house pigs and an underground biogas system produces energy for cooking. Smoke from the stove is channeled through the traditional kang or heated bed before it exits the chimney.

房子的结构把新旧结合在一起。混凝土柱顶结构与泥砖填充墙相结合，泥砖是大陆气候下的一种传统保温方式。然而，与传统的泥浆结构不同，新的混合结构满足抗震标准。这所房子的整个外墙都是用砖墙围起来的。这不仅可以保护泥墙，还可以遮住窗户和开口。该设计结合了中国其他地区的乡土思想以及传统技术和新技术，是中国现代泥砖四合院的原型。

The structure of the house brings together old and new. A concrete column and roof structure is combined with mud brick infill walls ‒ mud brick being a traditional means of insulation in the continental climate. Unlike the traditional mud structure, however, the new hybrid satisfies criteria for earthquake resistance. The entire outside wall of the house is ‘wrapped’ in a brick screen. This not only serves to protect the mud walls, but also shades windows and openings. By combining vernacular ideas from other regions of China as well as traditional and new technologies, the design is a prototype for a modern Chinese mud brick courtyard house.

当前，农村发展的过程越来越倾向于对传统的破坏和抛弃，而有利于新的发展。石家村民居试图在两者之间架起桥梁，保存当地材料和技术的智慧。然而，这个项目并不仅仅是一个传统的四合院。它是对现代乡村白话的考察结果，代表了中国乡土民居建筑自觉演进的一种建筑尝试。

Currently, the process of rural development increasingly favors the destruction and abandonment of the traditional in favor of the new. The Shijia Village Houses attempt to bridge between the two extremes and preserve the intelligence of local materials and techniques. However the project is not simply a traditional courtyard house. It is a result of investigation into the modern village vernacular and represents an architectural attempt to consciously evolve vernacular house construction in China.