“项目在他们的网站之外成长”是克里斯汀·卡里翁(Christian Charignon)的信条-甚至是一种道具-他是泰康建筑公司的创始人。里昂地区的圣马丁·恩豪特体育馆证明了这一点-一个巨大的盒子，长45米，宽25米，高10米。该计划迎接了一个大胆的挑战，那就是非常谨慎地将这一设施整合到里昂山上的一个乡村小镇中：这样一个巨人怎么能被合并到它的地盘里呢？从上面俯瞰自然斜坡，它消失在植物覆盖的屋顶下，留下开阔的山景景观。从下面看，只有一个高度是可见的，完全用木头和玻璃，没有任何纪念碑，面向中学前院。室内有同样的清澈和舒适的感觉。沐浴在充足的过滤日光下，体育馆的体育馆立即醒目，其卓越的屋顶结构形成了一个惊人的木材框架。这种建筑处理方式为运动场的简单几何结构引入了一个有机的维度。第一个目标是为这样规模的建筑找到合适的地方，并使其与低层住宅的周边城市结构和谐共存。比赛简报要求将该设施置于场地顶部，比底部高约7米。设计师们非常迅速地想象着，在村庄顶部设置一个巨大的建筑群会对景观造成可怕的影响，于是他们决定违背这一要求，把体育馆放在场地的底部。体育馆建在山坡上，位于大量学童流动的水平上，与邻近的中学形成了一个正方形。

“Projects grow out of their site” is the credo – or even a doxa – of Christian Charignon, founder of the Tekhnê architectural firm. This is proven by the gymnasium in Saint Martin en Haut in the Lyon area – an imposing box, 45 m long by 25 m wide and 10 m high. The scheme meets the daring challenge of integrating this facility very discreetly into a small rural town in the Monts du Lyonnais hills: how could such a giant be merged into its site? Viewed from above, set into the natural slope, it disappears under its plant-covered roof, leaving views open onto the extensive hill landscape. When viewed from below, one single elevation is visible, entirely in wood and glass, without any monumentality, facing onto the secondary school forecourt. The interior has the same feeling of clarity and comfort. Bathed in abundant filtered daylight, the gymnasium sports hall is immediately striking, with its remarkable roof structure formed by an astonishing timber framework. This architectural treatment introduces an organic dimension into the sports hall’s simple geometry. The first objective was to find the right place for a building of this scale and to make it coexist harmoniously with the surrounding urban fabric of low-rise housing. The competition brief requested the facility to be placed at the top of the site, which is around 7 m higher than the bottom. The designers very rapidly imagined the terrible impact on the landscape of a large mass placed at the crest above the village, and they decided to go against this request by placing the gymnasium at the bottom part of the site. Built into the slope, located at the level where large numbers of schoolchildren circulate, the gymnasium structures a square that it forms with the neighbouring secondary school.

 © Renaud Araud

(Renaud Araud)

为避免本场地发生任何容易渗漏和积水的损坏或事故，地面由一堵钉牢的土墙保留，墙位于北、东、西包围体育馆的钢筋混凝土墙的上坡处。建筑物的墙壁和钉牢的土墙之间留下了一个缺口。在这个“中间空间”中，作为一个大型的空气-地面热交换器，空气在12到14°C的几乎恒定温度下被大量吸收，远远高于冬季的平均温度，就像圣马丁在750米的高度上一样。体育馆上方30米的跨度和分层的漂白座椅必须尽可能低的高度清理。11个支持种植屋顶的倒立桁架成功地应对了这一挑战，其中的荷载被传送到支持南海拔的Kerto柱。壮观的横梁创造了整个计划的精神。它具有高性能上层建筑的所有性能，但它仍然是令人敬佩的轻。横梁桁架分两部分交付，由张拉和受压的Kerto弦杆和垂直和斜向实木杆的格网组成。和弦的设计非常通透，尤其是在北方。介于土钉挡土墙和混凝土箱体之间的“中间空间”是该方案令人印象深刻的“腹地”。在施工期间安装了壮观的结构元件。

To avoid any damage or accident in this site that is liable to seepage and waterlogging, the ground is retained by a nailed soil wall, uphill of the reinforced concrete walls that enclose the gymnasium on the north, east and west. A gap is left between the building’s walls and the nailed soil wall. In this “in-between space”, which acts as a large air-ground heat exchanger, air is taken in bulk at a virtually constant temperature of 12 to 14°C, well above winter averages, as Saint Martin is at an altitude of 750 m. The span of 30 m above the sports hall and its tiered bleacher seating had to be cleared with as low a height as possible. This challenge was met successfully by eleven inverted trusses that support the planted roof, of which the loads are conveyed down to the Kerto® columns that support the south elevation. The spectacular girdering creates the whole spirit of the scheme. It has all the qualities of a high-performance superstructure, yet it remains admirably light. The crisscross girder trusses, which are delivered in two parts, consist of tensioned and compressed Kerto® chord members and latticework of vertical and oblique solid timber bars. The very airy design of the chord members allows abundant light through, particularly on the north. The “in-between space”, which is located between a nailed soil retaining wall and a concrete box, is the impressive “belly” of the scheme. Spectacular structural elements being installed during construction.

 © Renaud Araud

(Renaud Araud)

在地下四层高地中的另外三处，南面高程特别重要。从内部使用的角度来看，这是体育活动与日光的调和问题。幸运的是，南面的玻璃高地是视觉舒适性和热舒适性之间最简单的折中点。入口的附属和服务区域，包括更衣室和漂白剂座椅，在底层形成一个不透明的质量，避免直接照明，造成眩光，并尽量减少对外界的看法。上面，固定的防晒“架子”(由金属框架和水平木百叶窗组成)根据季节调节阳光，在冬天让阳光进来。由于乒乓球等一些运动项目不能容忍任何反差，所以根据体育活动的不同，室内屏蔽织物窗帘进一步调节了白天打滑。在该地点的北部向上推力，1.60米长的窗户平衡亮度水平，限制了不透明表面的感觉，并减少阴影和对比在体育馆。从外部的角度来看，从重新设计的广场来看，有几个叠加的感知尺度。更衣室的突出部分介绍了行人的规模。入口由长而规则的树冠上的起伏表示。它的垂直木条与环绕体育馆的光滑木幕墙形成对比，后者是小广场和中学的规模。它有规律的垂直节拍，遵循屋顶结构网格的模式，受到水平太阳保护元件的随机作用的干扰。改变，振动/调整阴影不断改变玻璃墙的感觉。西侧的楼梯完成了建筑物与环境的整合，这表明一条路线从这里通向工地的顶部，“第五面”，即种植的屋顶，重建了自然的地面。

With the other three of the four elevations underground, the south elevation is of special importance. From the viewpoint of internal use, it is a matter of reconciling sports activities and the provision of daylight. Fortunately, the glazed elevation on the south is where the compromise between visual comfort and thermal comfort is the simplest to find. The strip of ancillary and service areas at the entrance, containing changing rooms and bleacher seating, forms an opaque mass on the ground floor that avoids direct lighting, which causes glare, and it minimises views of the outside. Above, fixed sun-break “shelves” (consisting of metal frames and horizontal wood louvers) regulate sunlight according to the seasons, letting in the sunshine in winter. Daylightiing is further regulated by internal screen fabric blinds according to sports activities, since some sports such as table tennis cannot tolerate any contrast. In the upthrust of the site on the north, a 1.60 m strip of windows balances the luminance levels, limiting the sensation of opaque surface and reducing the shadows and contrasts in the gymnasium. From the external viewpoint, from the redesigned square, there are several superimposed scales of perception. The protruding part of the changing rooms introduces the scale of the pedestrian. The entrance is indicated by an undulation in the long regular canopy. Its vertical wood strips contrast with the smooth wood curtain wall that encloses the gymnasium, which is on the scale of the small square and the secondary school. Its regular vertical rhythm, following the pattern of the roof structure grid, is disturbed by the random play of the horizontal solar protection elements. Changing, vibrating/modulating shadows continually modify the perception of the glass wall. The side stairway on the west completes the building’s integration into its environment, indicating that a route leads from here to the top of the site, where the “fifth facade”, i.e., the planted roof, reconstitutes the natural ground.

 © Renaud Araud

(Renaud Araud)

空间组织很简单。一个大的玻璃入口大厅形成一个盒子在盒子内，所有的区域都可以到达。地区排名的运动场(44米x22米)被学童和体育俱乐部使用。更衣室和卫生设施位于100处钢筋混凝土层座椅下，有采光，使它们具有吸引力。三个体育器材存放区，位于侧建入山，直接打开体育厅。燃煤锅炉房及其木丸储存区隐藏在西部堤坝中，可直接从广场进入，以方便取暖设施的操作、维修和维护。

Spatial organisation is simple. A large glazed entrance lobby forms a box within the box, from which all areas are reached. The sports hall (44 m x 22 m), of regional ranking is used by schoolchildren and sports clubs. Tucked under the 100-place reinforced concrete tiered seating, the changing rooms and sanitary accommodation have daylighting that makes them inviting. Three sports equipment storage areas, located on the side built into the hill, open directly onto the sports hall. The wood-fired boiler-house and its wood pellets storage areas are concealed in the west embankment; they are directly accessible from the square in order to facilitate the operation, servicing and maintenance of the heating installations.

 © Renaud Araud

(Renaud Araud)

简单，这是一个充分利用能源的先决条件，这是一个例子，决定将一个紧凑的，高度绝缘的建筑物插入山坡下的种植屋顶。南海拔利用被动太阳能输入，同时受益于该计划的“肚皮”的恒温，它充当了一个空中-地面热交换器，用于空气变化。夏季的热舒适性是由南海拔的太阳能保护和自然交叉通风提供的：电动玻璃开窗器彼此相对，位于体育馆南北两侧的高度上，都是靠内部温度来调节的。剩余的供暖需求由一个低温加热地板覆盖，由一个木球锅炉提供.正如我们所看到的，采光是非常慷慨的，并辅之以分级人工照明，以便根据需要适应大型运动场的各种用途和职业，并提供最低限度的照明，或供学校使用、体育活动或比赛之用。木结构(屋顶结构和柱子)，在高地(幕墙和扁包层)和内部皮肤创造了一个和平，宁静的气氛在大型运动场。水平板条的衬里-紧密连接到3米的高度，然后逐渐分开-保护吸水性手感，提供声学舒适性。

Simplicity, which is a prior condition for making the best use of energy, is exemplified in the decision to insert a compact, highly-insulated building into the hillside, under a planted roof. The south elevation makes use of passive solar energy inputs, while benefiting from the constant temperature of the scheme’s “belly” that acts as an air-ground heat exchanger, for air changes. Summer thermal comfort is provided by solar protection of the south elevation and by natural cross-ventilation: motor-operated glazed openers, placed opposite each other and at a height on the north and south sides of the gymnasium, are slaved to the internal temperature. Remaining heating needs are covered by a low-temperature heated floor, supplied by a wood pellet boiler. Daylighting, which, as we have seen, is very generous, is complemented by graduated artificial lighting to adapt to the various uses and occupations of the large sports hall as required, with minimum light or for school use, sports events or competitions. The wood used for the structure (roof structure and columns), on the elevations (curtain walls and battened cladding) and on the internal skin creates a peaceful, serene atmosphere in the large sports hall. The lining of horizontal slats – which are close-jointed up to a height of 3 m, and are then gradually spaced apart – protects an absorbent felt that provides acoustic comfort.

 Courtesy of Tekhnê Architectes

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