© Pim Schalkwijk

Pim Schalkwijk

架构师提供的文本描述。一间现代化的客房被安置在一个古老的庭院里，在19世纪的埃奎恩庄园里，用来抚育龙舌兰纤维。水泥与树脂混合从当地的树是作为整体完成。

Text description provided by the architects. A contemporary guest house is inserted in an old patio for tending agave fibers within a nineteenth century Henequen hacienda. Cement mixed with resin from a local tree is used as overall finish.

该方案是在一个几何简单的体积与19世纪末的“有机和折中”建筑特征相对照的综合起来的，该建筑区别于客房所在的埃纳肯庄园的老房子。尤卡坦庄园典型的“主宅”的空间类型被重新创造出来。它综合了一种祖先的智慧，利用方向和风向更好地适应该地区无情的天气，以一种明确的当代语言。西萨尔之家是建立在过去是一个古老的庭院，为空气干燥埃克斯纤维的基础上。它大约有45x140米长，周围环绕着19世纪末的高砖墙。这座建筑的功能是一个独立的招待所，这里曾经是距尤卡坦梅里达35公里的圣安东尼奥萨基奇山庄(Casa de Máqueas de Hacienda San Antonio Sacchich)。宾馆由两间卧室、两间浴室、客厅-餐厅-厨房、游泳池和200平方米的露台组成。该设计包括一个单独的体积偏移成两个平面，对其进行各种尺度的减法，以便允许其四面的空气循环。该计划是从一个单一的中央地方，其中包含客厅，作为一个可调节的空间，可以转化为一个平台，并完全连接到它的环境。四个独立的滑动玻璃门，每个四米宽，隐藏在墙上，形成一个开放的纵向轴的露台。这个解决方案可以让我们校准空间的自然通风，并使其在使用和适应尤卡坦恶劣天气条件时具有最大的灵活性。这座新房子的建筑是一个对立的风格和语言的旧埃尼库恩庄园，同时提到它的位置在它的上下文。这一战略是通过使用一种用白水泥配制的灰泥和一种特有的树“Chukum”树脂混合而得到加强的。这是一种古老的玛雅技术，由于我们自己的研究，我们在过去十五年里已经能够恢复它在尤卡坦现代建筑中的应用。该涂料具有防水性能，并提供了自然的颜色和有机纹理，视觉和触觉性质，我们已经使用它作为地板，墙壁和屋顶的唯一装饰材料。

The proposal is synthesized in a geometrically simple volume in contraposition to the “organic and eclectic” architecture characteristic of the end of the nineteenth century that distinguishes the old house of the Henequen hacienda, where the guest house is located. The spatial typology of a typical “main house” of a Yucatan hacienda is recreated. It synthesizes an ancestral wisdom that takes advantage of orientation and wind direction to better adapt to the merciless weather of the region, with a decidedly contemporary language. The Sisal House is built on the grounds of what used to be an old patio for air drying henequen fiber. At 45 x 140 meters approximately, it is surrounded by high masonry walls dating from the end of the nineteenth century. This construction functions as an independent guest house for what was once the Casa de Máquinas de Hacienda San Antonio Sacchich, 35 kilometers away from Merida, Yucatan. The guesthouse consists of two bedrooms, two bathrooms, living room – dining room – kitchen, swimming pool and terraces totaling of 200 square meters. The design comprises a single volume offset into two planes, to which subtractions of various scales are applied in order to allow for air circulation on its four sides. The plan is organized from a single central place, which contains the living room and works as an adjustable space that can be transformed into a terrace and fully connect to its environment. Four independent sliding glass doors, each four meters wide, are hidden in the walls to form an opening on the longitudinal axis of the patio. This solution lets us calibrate the natural ventilation of the space and grants maximum flexibility in its use and adaptation to the severe weather conditions of Yucatan. The architecture of this new house is an antithesis to the style and language of the old henequen hacienda while referring to its location within its context. This strategy is reinforced through the use of a stucco prepared with white cement mixed with the resin of “Chukum”, an endemic tree. This is an ancient Mayan technique that thanks to our own research, we have been able to recover for its use in modern architecture in Yucatan for the last fifteen years. The coating with chukum-cement has impermeable properties and contributes a natural color and organic texture, visual and haptic properties for which we have used it as sole finish material for floors, walls, and roofs.

1.设计一个舒适，实用，低维护的房子，以最大限度的审美表现力和最低限度的使用材料和正式的设备。为了达到这个目的，我们使用单一的材料作为墙壁，屋顶和地板的装饰，无论是室内还是室外。当我们来到尤卡坦的时候，我们有幸用现代材料重新发现和重新发明了这座房子和我们办公室在尤卡坦的所有项目的主要材料，在那里，它的使用开始慢慢扩展到当地建筑师的其他现代作品中。

1. To design a comfortable, practical, low-maintenance house with maximum aesthetic expressiveness and the minimum use of materials and formal devices. To achieve this, we used a single material as a finish for walls, roofs and floors, both indoor and outdoor. The chukum-cement stucco, which we had the fortune to rediscover and reinvent with modern materials when we got to Yucatan, has been the primary material of this house and of all our office’s projects in Yucatan, where its use has slowly started to extend  to other modern works by local architects.

2.使用“Chukum”作为建筑项目所有表面的唯一完成材料。Chukum涂层非常精细，并对建筑工地施加了很强的后勤限制，因为它与水泥的粘结时间较长，这使得它无法在雨季使用，而没有适当的保护。这种涂饰不允许在不同的日子涂平表面，这需要严格的时间和面积来覆盖。

2. To use “Chukum” as the only finish material for all the surfaces of an architectural project. The Chukum coating is very delicate and imposes strong logistical restrictions on the construction site, given that it has a longer bonding time with cement, which precludes its application during the rainy season without the proper protection. This finish does not allow for leveling surfaces coated on different days, which requires strict planning of the time and areas to coat.

 © Pim Schalkwijk

Pim Schalkwijk

在房子里广泛使用优良的朱古姆灰泥，包括游泳池和水园池塘。来自楚克树的树脂具有天然的密封性能，不添加人工色素，增加了温暖的白色粉红色调。它是通过煮沸两倍的楚克树皮，利用产生的水来发展混合物，并添加石灰石。这种灰泥是对玛雅人技术的一种现代改造，该技术使用Chukum树脂与石灰和“Sasca”砂混合，以覆盖自恐慌时代以来的露天水层。在时间和预算限制范围内使用诸如白水泥等现代材料的可行性，是建筑师萨尔瓦多·雷耶斯·里奥斯提倡的观察和试验的产物，他于1996年首次在尤卡坦成功应用。从那时起，它的使用在建筑师的作品中得到了改进和完善，并在尤卡坦和其他建筑师的作品中作为一种完成材料传播并变得更加流行。

Extensive use of the fine Chukum stucco on the house included the swimming pool and the ponds for water gardens. The resin from the Chukum tree has natural sealant properties and adds a warm off-white pink hue without adding artificial coloring. It is obtained by boiling twice the Chukum tree bark, using the resulting water to develop the mixture, and adding limestone. This stucco is a modern reinvention of a Mayan technique that used the Chukum resin mixed with lime and “Sascab” sand to coat open-air water deposits since the prehispanic era. The viability of its application within time and budgetary constraints, using modern materials such as the white cement, is the product of observation and experimentation promoted by the architect Salvador Reyes Rios, who achieved its successful application for the first time in Yucatan in 1996. Since then, its use has been refined and improved in the architect’s works, and has also spread and become more popular as a finish material within Yucatan and later in works by other architects.

 © Marcelo Troché

c.Marcelo Troché

这个项目重新解释了传统的Yucatan豪宅的建筑类型，它综合了随着时间而积累的关于被动适应气候的知识。在此基础上，建筑设计使人工空调变得不必要。Chukum混合物的使用完全消除了对颜料和油漆的需求。因此，在建筑物的整个寿命期间，节省了大量的能源和维护费用。这一建筑作品促进了当地劳动力的使用，赋予了尤卡坦萨基奇村和其他农村村庄石匠工作的“有机和不完美”的自然感。

This project reinterprets the traditional architectural typology of the henequen hacienda houses of Yucatan, which synthesize knowledge gathered over time about passive adaptation to the weather. Based on this, the architectural design of the house makes artificial air conditioning unnecessary. The use of the Chukum mixture completely eliminates the need for colorings and paints. As a consequence, there is a considerable saving of energy and maintenance costs over the entire lifespan of the building. This architectural work promoted the use of local labor, giving value to the natural sense of the “organic and imperfect” character of the work of the masons of the Sacchich village and other rural villages in Yucatan.

在预制混凝土板上采用高密度聚苯乙烯板进行屋面保温和隔音。在房子的每一个窗户上都使用了带有紫外线薄膜的钢化玻璃层压保温材料。

The thermal and acoustic insulation in roofs was achieved using high density polystyrene panels over prefabricated concrete slabs. Tempered glass laminated with UV film for thermal insulation was used in every window in the house.

 © Pim Schalkwijk

Pim Schalkwijk

 © Pim Schalkwijk

Pim Schalkwijk

Architects Reyes Ríos + Larraín Arquitectos

Location Acanceh, Mexico

Category Houses

Diseño de Interiores, Mobiliario y Paisajismo Salvador Reyes Ríos

Area 200.0 m2

Project Year 2010

Photography Marcelo Troché, Pim Schalkwijk

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