架构师提供的文本描述。背景

Text description provided by the architects. Background

2005年，全球卫生先锋伙伴与卢旺达卫生部合作，将保健服务扩大到卢旺达农村-特别是向有限获得保健的Burera地区340，000人口提供保健服务。2008年，妊高征认识到利用设计改善健康成果的机会，与大众设计集团(MASS)合作建设布塔罗区医院。通过跨学科的合作，包括与医生、护士、工作人员和社区一起的沉浸式学习，该项目培养了关于如何设计更好的健康的新想法。然而，它也揭示了卫生服务提供方面的一个关键挑战：只有在长期内继续吸引和留住最优秀的工作人员，新设施才能持续下去。大众、妊高征和他们的合作伙伴，在波士顿布里格姆妇女医院的丹尼尔庞顿基金的领导下，发起了一项多阶段住房计划，以帮助吸引和保留这个农村地区最好的医疗专业知识。通过提供休息和恢复的空间，这套住房为社区提供了最优质的护理服务。

Global health pioneer Partners In Health (PIH) partnered with the Rwandan Ministry of Health in 2005 to extend health care access throughout rural Rwanda—particularly to the Burera District’s population of 340,000 who had limited access to care. Recognizing an opportunity to leverage design for improved health outcomes, PIH partnered with MASS Design Group (MASS) in 2008 to build the Butaro District Hospital. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, including immersive learning alongside the doctors, nurses, staff, and community, the project cultivated new ideas about how to design for better health. Yet it also uncovered a pivotal challenge in health delivery: the new facilities would only be sustainable if they can continue to attract and retain the best staff over the long term. MASS, PIH, and their partners, led by the Daniel E. Ponton Fund at the Boston-based Brigham and Women’s Hospital, launched a multi-phase housing initiative to help attract and retain the best medical expertise in this rural region. By providing a space of respite and recovery, this housing provides a key service in the provision of the best level of care to the community.

 © Iwan Baan

(Iwan Baan)

设计与施工

Design And Construction

四套两居室住宅(约1，300平方米)。英国“金融时报”。现在，步行5分钟后，从一个梯级山坡上走下来。该项目通过注重创新、地震安全和使用当地材料的可持续做法，为质量建设树立了榜样。这四个重复是用压缩稳定土砌块(CSEBs)建造的，这些砖是在一个车间里用从工地挖出的土壤制成的。与传统的混凝土砌块或烧结砖施工方法相比，采用CSEBs的建筑减少了水泥的使用，消除了对材料运输的需求，消除了烧成(从而减少毁林)的需要，并通过砌块生产创造了就业机会。在测试了该地区的土壤是否适合CSEB生产后，大众引进了一台块状印刷机，并在现场设立了一个培训车间。强调了加强CSEB建设的这一技能发展，以便随着社区的发展，建设安全和可持续的建筑能力。10名新培训的社区成员领导了一支全职的区块制作队伍，并在三个月的时间里制造了29 000个街区。这种独特的压力机和相应的模具允许加固，这是这一地震带的必要特征。

Four two-bedroom homes (roughly 1,300 sq. ft. each) now step down a terraced hillside, five minutes from the hospital by foot. The project sets an example for quality construction by focusing on innovative, earthquake safe, and sustainable practices that use local materials. The four duplexes were constructed with compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs), bricks fabricated in a workshop on location with soil excavated from the worksite. Compared to the traditional construction methods of concrete block or fired brick, building with CSEBs reduced the use of cement, negates the need for transportation of materials, eliminates the need for firing (thus reducing deforestation), and creates jobs through block production. After testing that the area’s soil was appropriate for CSEB production, MASS brought in a block press and set up a training workshop on site. This skill development for reinforced CSEB construction was emphasized in order to build capacity for safe and sustainable building as the community grows. Ten newly trained members of the community led a full-time block production crew, and fabricated 29,000 blocks over the course of three months. This unique press and corresponding molds allow for reinforcement, a feature necessary in this seismic zone.

钢筋混凝土框架进一步支持CSEB的抗震强度，灰泥和白色油漆抛光墙壁，第二层火山岩从当地的维龙加山脉突出了高质量的当地工艺。同样的，所有的室内家具都是定制的：柏木和松木家具，浇筑的混凝土水槽，金属灯饰，以及手工制造的门，这些门都是用木屋屋顶桁架上剩下的角度碎片制作的。

A reinforced concrete frame further supports the CSEBs’ seismic strength, plaster and white paint polish the walls, and a second layer of the volcanic rock from the local Virunga Mountains highlights the high- quality local craftsmanship. Likewise, all interior furnishings are custom-fabricated: the cypress and pine furniture, poured-in-place concrete sinks, metal light fixtures, as well as artisan-made doors, crafted with angled pieces leftover from the muvura wood roof trusses.

 © Iwan Baan

(Iwan Baan)

教育贯穿过程

Educating Through Process

除了吸引专家医生到布塔罗，大规模使用这种定制过程，以促进熟练劳动力在社区。从CSEBs到灯具，所有东西都是由当地的石匠、木匠和工匠制造的，他们与大众团队一起工作，提供当地知识，并通过这个过程接受培训。有275多人接受了新的专门知识培训，这些专门知识可在卢旺达全境推广。此外，通过实行轮聘以促进更广泛的社区所有权和扩大经济分配，大众能够在建筑过程中雇用900多人，并向地方和区域经济分配40多万美元，以产生可复制的影响。2012年11月完成的Butaro医生住房项目创造了一种改进的、可持续的建筑做法，以及卢旺达新的更好建筑大使。

Besides attracting expert doctors to Butaro, MASS used this customization process to foment the skilled labor force in the community. Everything from the CSEBs to the light fixtures was fabricated by local masons, carpenters, and artisans who worked reciprocally with the MASS team, providing local knowledge and receiving training through the process. Over 275 people received training in new expertise that is marketable throughout Rwanda. Furthermore, by implementing rotational hiring to foster more extensive community ownership and extend the economic distribution, MASS was able to employ over 900 individuals in the construction process, and distribute over $400,000 into the local and regional economies for replicable impact. The Butaro Doctors’ Housing project, completed November 2012, created an improved, sustainable building practice as well as new Rwandan ambassadors of better building.

 © Iwan Baan

(Iwan Baan)

更广泛的保健网络的组成部分

Constituent Of A Broader Health Care Network

这些房子现在住着卢旺达和国外的医生，完成了第一阶段的任务，第一阶段被称为Umusozi Ukiza-治疗山。未来的阶段将为正在接受治疗的工作人员和病人家庭提供更多的住房，该中心是美国第一个癌症门诊中心，该中心已经设计，目前正在监督附近一个地点的建设。正是在这一背景下，医生住房是多阶段、广泛战略的一个组成部分，既能建设设施，又能提供改善整个Burera地区社区健康所需的社会能力、经济机会和知识。

The homes now house both Rwandan and expatriate doctors, fulfilling the mission for the first phase on which has become known as Umusozi Ukiza—the Healing Hill. Future phases will add further housing for staff and patient families undergoing treatment in the country’s first outpatient cancer center, which MASS has designed and is currently overseeing construction on a nearby site. It is in this context that the Doctors’ Housing represents an integral step of a multi-phase, broad-reaching strategy to both build the facilities, as well as the social capacity, economic opportunity, and knowledge needed for improving community health in the entire Burera region.

 Floor Plan