Richmond Firehall No.2 HCMA

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架构师提供的文本描述。上下文站点

Text description provided by the architects. Context + Site

经过广泛的研究后，里士满市决定用一个新的先进的灾后设施来取代一个已经不满足社区需求的已有40年历史的消防大厅。该城市项目的目标包括提供一个标志性的市政设施，标志着进入社区的斯蒂维斯顿地区。以前的消防大厅设在同一地点，但为了满足目前的需要，购置了一套毗邻的住宅，并将其并入该地点。该地点位于成熟的单一家庭住宅区内两条主干道的关键交叉处。

After extensive study, the City of Richmond decided to replace an existing 40 year old fire hall, which no longer met the needs of the community, with a new state of the art post-disaster facility. The City’s goals for the project included the provision of an iconic civic facility marking the entry into the Steveston area of the community. The previous fire hall was located at this same location, however in order to accommodate the current requirements an adjacent residential property was acquired and integrated into the site. The site is located at a key intersection of two arterial roads within mature single family residential neighborhood.

程序客户端

Program + Client

该计划要求里士满消防救援在施工期间从新获得的工地部分的临时设施中进行。临时设施的位置、现有的下水道通道、建筑的挫折以及对直通式设备舱的严格卡车转弯要求导致了新消防大厅大楼非常精确的位置和倾斜方向。软管干燥/训练塔的位置最近的街道十字路口，使它可以宣布它的存在作为一个灯塔，并帮助标志着到达史蒂维斯顿社区。面对街道，透明的设备海湾，配备了打开齿轮室和车间，自豪地打开他们的内部工作对公众的看法，广泛使用玻璃。工作区，包括通信柜台、办公室、会议室、机长办公室、日间和厨房/餐厅，都位于远离街道交叉口的地方，以便有更好的隐私，并提供更安静的睡眠区。性别中立的宿舍和洗手间位于二楼，健身区可俯瞰器械舱。每个程序空间都被战略性地组织和设计，以最大限度地扩大视觉连接，并将从工作/住宿区域到设备海湾的响应时间最小化。流通路线的视觉透明度和效率共同实现了直接路线和进入卡车的响应时间非常短。

The program required that Richmond Fire Rescue be operated out of a temporary facility on newly acquired portion of the site during construction. The location of the temporary facility, existing sewer right-of-ways, building setbacks and the strict truck turning requirements for drive-through apparatus bays resulted in a very precise location and oblique orientation of the new fire hall building. The hose-drying/training tower was positioned closest to the street intersection allowing it to announce its presence as a beacon and to help mark the arrival into the Steveston community. Facing the streets, the transparent apparatus bays, with turn-out gear rooms and workshops attached, proudly open their inner workings to the public’s view with the extensive use of glazing. Work areas, including the communication counter, offices, meeting room, captain’s office, day room and kitchen/dining were located away from the street intersection for better privacy and to provide quieter sleeping quarters. Gender neutral dormitory and washrooms were located on the second floor with fitness area overlooking the apparatus bays. Each program spaces were strategically organized and designed to maximize visual connection and to minimize response time from the work / accommodation areas to the apparatus bays. The visual transparency and the efficiency of the circulation routes work together to achieve direct routes and very low response time for access to the trucks.

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理论设计原则

Theory + Design Principles

建筑物的聚集主要受设备舱和水龙带/训练塔的操作要求所制约，设备舱的前半部相对于后半部提高，以便在提升消防车的驾驶室进行维修时提供额外的间隙。软管/训练塔的高度允许将标准长度的消防软管挂在烘干的中点。塔后的阳台水平设置在特定高度，用于梯子和救援训练。起居区被堆放起来，以减少建筑足迹。建筑物入口处较低的集合标志着到达点；并在结构上设计，以支持更多的二楼宿舍，如果消防人员的规模在未来增加。

The massing of the building was mainly governed by the operational requirements of the apparatus bays and the hose/training tower.  The front half of the apparatus bays was raised in relation to the back half in order to provide the additional clearance required when lifting up the cabs of the fire trucks for maintenance.  The height of the hose / training tower allows the standard length fire hoses to be hung at their mid-point for drying.  The balcony levels at the back of the tower were set at specific height for ladder and rescue training.  The living quarters were stacked to reduce building footprint.  Lower massing at the building entrance signified point of arrival; and was designed structurally to support additional second floor dormitory should the size of fire crews increase in the future.

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大多数传统的消防大厅设计都依赖于设备舱和工作/生活区的视觉上不同的形式，本项目采用了相反的策略，将不同的元素结合在一起。此外，与传统的不显眼和封闭的火灾大厅建筑不同，Steveston Fire Hall代表了一种强烈的公民姿态，自豪地向公众展示了它的“公民意识”。木材(受松树甲虫影响)和金属复合建筑皮被折叠成三种不同的形式。每一种都是根据节目的要求不同折叠的。建筑表皮的开放端被填充。玻璃幕墙，以带来日光，并适应自然通风。皮肤之间的缝隙成为充满光的循环空间。额外的天窗和窗户是通过在建筑物的皮肤剪裁，以使自然日光进入典型的封闭空间。

Most conventional fire hall design relies on visually distinct forms for the apparatus bays and working/living areas.  This project employs a contrary strategy whereby the programmatic elements are united cross grain tying the various elements together in a cohesive whole. Furthermore, unlike conventional inconspicuous and closed-box fire hall buildings, Steveston Fire Hall represents a strong civic gesture by proudly displaying its “civicness” by providing openness and transparency to the public.  The wood (pine beetle affected) and metal composite building skin is folded into three distinct forms.  Each is folded differently in response to the massing required by the program.  The open ends of the building skins are infilled with glass curtain wall to bring in daylight and to accommodate natural ventilation.  The gaps between the skins become light filled circulation spaces.  Additional skylight and windows are created by cut-outs in the building skins to bring natural daylight into typically enclosed spaces.

 Courtesy of HCMA

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预算时间限制

Budget + Time Constraints

史蒂维斯顿消防大厅是在项目的预期预算和时间表内交付的。客户对该项目的顺利协调和交付表现出强烈的满意。

Steveston Fire Hall was delivered within the project’s expected budget and schedule.  The client reflects strong satisfaction with the smooth coordination and delivery of this project.

可持续性原则

Sustainability Principles

Steveston Fire Hall采用了一系列创新的可持续设计原则，侧重于能源效率和用户舒适度；并以LEED Gold认证为目标。在该项目中采用的一些具体策略包括：

Steveston Fire Hall incorporates a wide array of innovative sustainable design principles that focus on energy efficiency and user comfort; and is targeting LEED® Gold certification.  Some of the specific strategies employed on this project include:

*对位于新购置地段的现有房屋进行彻底救助和搬迁。

•  Complete salvage and relocation of the existing house which was located on the newly acquired lot.

·拆除和建筑废物的回收和再利用。

•  Recycling and re-use of demolition and construction waste.

·使用受松甲虫影响的木材作为结构材料和成品材料，有助于减轻省级山地松甲虫的影响，并促进该地区的社会经济效益。

•  Use of pine beetle-affected wood as structural and finished material helps to mitigate impacts from the provincial mountain pine beetle infestation and facilitates socio-economic benefit to the region

·通过广泛的绿色屋顶、垂直绿色屏风和加长的幕墙盖降低热量

•  Reduced heat gain with extensive green roofs, vertical green screens and extended curtainwall caps

·减少地热系统、辐射地板、太阳能热水预热系统和热回收系统的供暖负荷

•  Reduced heating load with geothermal system, radiant floor, solar hot water pre-heat system and heat recovery system

*为所有可操作窗户的占用空间提供新鲜空气、景观和日光

•  Provision of fresh air, views and daylight to all occupied spaces with extensive operable windows

·减少照明负荷，从低-E玻璃收集日光，并利用日光/占位感应器

•  Reduced lighting load by harvesting daylight from low-E glazing and by utilizing daylight/occupancy sensors

·带雨花园的现场雨水管理

•  On-site storm water management with rain gardens

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一般而言，减少能源消耗最好的办法是减少需求，同时通过最有效的系统提供能源。斯特维斯顿消防大厅的能源需求已经通过提供窗户和使用感应器来减少白天对电灯的需求，以及通过一个绝缘良好的高性能建筑围护结构来减少热量损失等措施而减少。同时，能源是由多种系统提供的：地面源热泵系统(通常称为地球交换或地热)；屋顶上的太阳能热水板；以及从排出的空气中提取热量并利用它预热进来的空气的热回收系统。

Generally, reducing energy consumption could be best achieved by reducing demand while providing energy through most efficient systems. Energy demand in the Steveston Fire Hall has been reduced by measures such as providing windows and occupancy sensors to minimize the need for electric lights during the day and reducing heat loss through a well-insulated, high-performance building envelope. At the same time, energy is provided by a combination of systems: a ground-source heat pump system (commonly called geo-exchange or geothermal); solar hot water panels on the roof; and, a heat recovery system which extracts heat from outgoing air and uses it to preheat the incoming air.

项目组设计了这座建筑，目的是为用户提供最大的健康和舒适。从可操作的窗户和低排放的材料到有效的通风系统和充足的采光，各种建筑设计都有助于实现这一目标。

The project team has designed the building with the goal of providing maximum health and comfort for users. Various building design features have contributed to achieving this goal; from operable windows and low-emitting materials to effective ventilation system and ample daylighting.