更多关于休息后的表现主义纪念碑.。

More on this expressionist monument after the break...

天体物理学家ErinFinlayFreundlich委托门德尔松(以及他的团队中的一位年轻的理查德·中性)设计爱因斯坦塔，作为相对论的研究设施。在1917-1920年间，门德尔松对这个设施做了大量的草图，试图创造出一种动态的结构，从而形成爱因斯坦开创性的理论。由此得出的计划显示，一座由窗户环绕的集中式天文台塔耸立在一个可容纳实验室的波浪式平台上。

Astrophysicist Erin Finlay Freundlich commissioned Mendelsohn (along with a young Richard Neutra on his team) to design the Einstein Tower as a research facility for the theory of relativity. Between 1917-1920 Mendelsohn made numerous sketches of the facility, attempting to create a dynamic structure which would give form to Einstein’s groundbreaking theories. The resulting plan revealed a centralized observatory tower, banded by rings of windows, raised on top of a wavelike platform that would house the laboratories. 

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受当时表现主义艺术家，如画家瓦西里·坎丁斯基(Wassily Kandinsky)和设计师赫尔曼·奥布利斯特(Hermann Obrist)作品的影响，门德尔松开始寻找允许表达自由的新建筑方法，这就是他最终决定把容易雕刻的钢筋混凝土作为他的材料的原因：

Influenced by the work of expressionist artists of the time, such as the painter Wassily Kandinsky and designer Hermann Obrist, Mendelsohn began to search for new methods of construction that would allow expressional freedom, which is why he eventually settled upon easily sculpted reinforced concrete as his material:

“每一种建筑材料，就像每一种物质一样，都有一定的条件来控制对它的要求.钢与混凝土，钢筋混凝土，是建筑材料的形式表达，为新的风格.支撑和负载之间的关系，这似乎是永恒的法则，也必须改变它的形象，因为以前必须支持的东西是支撑自己的.塔楼用自己的力量、精神和灵魂爬起来，长大了“[1]。

“Every building material, like every substance, has certain conditions governing the demands that can be made on it... steel in combination with concrete, reinforced concrete, is the building material for formal expression, for the new style... the relation between support and load, this apparently eternal law, will also have to alter its image, for things support themselves which formerly had to be supported...Towers mount and grow out of themselves with their own power and spirit and soul” [1]

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建筑于1921年在德国波茨坦动工。然而，不幸的是，经过雕刻的混凝土结构很难用当时的技术能力来执行。由于未能按照他最初的计划完成这座建筑，他无法在未来设计如此雄心勃勃的项目，而爱因斯坦大厦仍然是他最著名的建筑。

Building commenced in Potsdam, Germany in 1921. Unfortunately, however, the sculpted concrete structure proved difficult to execute with the technological capabilities of the time. The failure to complete the building according to his original plan prevented him from designing such ambitious projects in the future, and the Einstein Tower remains his best known building.

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该研究中心于1924年开放，在第二次世界大战之前一直保留着最重要的太阳天文台设施，当时它遭到了严重的破坏。经过两年的翻修，该建筑于1999年重新开放，以纪念其75周年；今天，它有一个正在工作的太阳观测站和一个游客中心。

The research center opened in 1924 and held the most important solar observatory facilities until World War II, when it was severely damaged. In 1999 the building was reopened, in honor of its 75th anniversary, following two years of renovation; today it houses a working solar observatory as well as a visitors’ center.

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在建造之后的几年里，作为表现主义有力象征的爱因斯坦大厦，在德国建筑辩论中占据了中心位置，争论的焦点是建筑是否应该优先考虑表达还是纯粹的功能主义，就像国际风格所代表的那样。虽然今天，也就是近100年后的今天，功能主义将主导欧洲的建筑景观，但爱因斯坦大厦仍然是现代主义风格的一个有趣而独特的对立面。

In the years following its construction, the Einstein Tower, a potent symbol of expressionism, figured centrally in the German architecture debates about whether architecture should prioritize expression or pure functionalism, as represented by the International Style. While it's clear today, almost 100 years later, that functionalism would dominate Europe's built landscape, the Einstein Tower remains an interesting and unique counterpoint to the modernist style.

 Erich Mendelsohn, Einstein Tower on Front Cover of Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung (1921)

Erich Mendelsohn，Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung封面上的爱因斯坦塔(1921年)

建筑师Erich Mendelsohn Location Telegrafenberg，14473德国波茨坦，其他设施项目年1921年

Architects Erich Mendelsohn Location Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Category Other Facilities Project Year 1921 Photographs Gili Merin

[1]凯瑟琳·詹姆斯：表现主义、相对论和爱因斯坦塔

[1]  Kathleen James: Expressionism, Relativity, and the Einstein Tower