© Timothy Hursley

C.蒂莫西·赫斯利

架构师提供的文本描述。罗斯·李的房子是西阿拉巴马州奥本大学农村工作室二年级工作室两个学期的成果。

Text description provided by the architects. Rose Lee’s House is the result of two semester’s work of the 2nd Year Studio at Auburn University Rural Studio, in West Alabama.

乡村工作室是一个校外设计/建筑项目，是奥本大学建筑系五年学士课程的一部分。乡村工作室位于蒙哥马利西北100英里的小镇纽伯恩，1993年由著名的南方艺术家、米斯西西的建筑师塞缪尔·莫克比和奥本教授露丝创立。自2002年以来，乡村工作室一直由AndrewFreear导演，他是约克郡人，在英国接受过建筑师培训。

Rural Studio is an off-campus design/build program, part of the five year Bachelors of Architecture at Auburn University. Located in Newbern, a small town one hundred miles northwest Montgomery, Rural Studio was established in 1993 by Samuel Mockbee, a well-known Southern artist and architect from Mississipi, and fellow Auburn professor D.K. Ruth. Since 2002, Rural Studio has been directed by Andrew Freear, a Yorkshireman, trained as an architect in the United Kingdom.

 Courtesy of Auburn University Rural Studio

奥本大学农村工作室提供

在农村工作室，每年有一组三十二岁的学生设计和建造一个小组项目。同时，五年级学生开展大型社区项目。此外，来自世界各地的一小群外展学生调查了负担得起的住房原型，每年都在设计和建造“20K住宅”的一个新发展：每个人的家。

Each year at Rural Studio, a group of thirty 2nd year students design and build one group project. At the same time, the 5th  year students run large community projects. Also, a small group of Outreach students, from all over the world, investigate affordable housing prototypes, each year designing and building, a new evolution of the ‘20K House’: a home for everyone.

在过去的二十年里，乡村工作室在纽伯恩方圆二十五英里的范围内设计和建造了一百多个项目。

In the last twenty years, Rural Studio has designed and built over one hundred projects within a twenty-five miles radius of Newbern.

 Courtesy of Auburn University Rural Studio

奥本大学农村工作室提供

可扩展之家

The Expandable House

2008至2009年农村工作室第二年工作室的目的是调查当代农村居住形式。在为罗斯·李·特纳(Rose Lee Turner)设计一个家的过程中，该团队将重点放在了可扩展房屋的构想上。随着时间的推移，这座房子随着需要而扩大和增长；它是基于传统的当地农舍策略，它的设计是由客户的优先次序、必需品和生活方式驱动的。可扩展之家对当代家庭的瞬息万变性质和人口结构作出了回应。其目标是提出一种能够提供灵活住房的战略，对不同的变化和未来的扩展开放。

The purpose of the 2008-2009 Rural Studio Second Year Studio was to investigate contemporary forms of rural dwelling. In designing a home for Rose Lee Turner, the team focused on the idea of the Expandable House. This house expands and grows by need over time; it is based on the traditional local farmhouse strategy and its design is driven by the client’s priorities, necessities and lifestyle. The Expandable House responds to the transient nature and demographic of the contemporary family. The goal is to propose a strategy capable of providing a flexible home, open to different variations and future expansions.

罗斯李的房子是乡村工作室第一次尝试设计和建造一个可扩展的房子。在第一次实验中，选择了庭院类型，包括所有的“U”和“L”形状变体，以连接和指导可扩展房屋的未来改造。庭院带来了自然光，天气和景观进入住宅中心，并在炎热的阿拉巴马州的春天和夏季，成为一个室外客厅。

Rose Lee’s House was Rural Studio’s first attempt to design and build  an Expandable House. For this first experiment, the courtyard typology was chosen, with all its ‘U’ and ‘L’ shape variations, to connect and guide the future alterations of the Expandable House. The courtyard brings natural light, weather and landscape into the center of the dwelling and, during the hot Alabama spring and summer months, becomes an outdoor living room.

罗斯·李的房子是为位于纽伯恩以南10英里的一个小黑人社区Footwash的一个家庭设计和建造的。Footwash社区是围绕着两条死胡同的道路和一家小杂货店发展起来的，四周环绕着茂密的林地。这个1/4平方英里的社区有一个很大的空地，被称为“闹市区”，这是每年一度的Footwash黑色音乐节，也是一个小木屋的“郊区”，前面有门廊，面向街道。

Rose Lee’s House was designed and built for a family in Footwash, a small black community situated ten miles south of Newbern.  The Footwash community is developed around two dead-end roads and a small grocery store and surrounded by dense woodlands. The 1/4 square mile community is characterized by a large open area, known as “downtown”, which is dedicated to the annual Footwash Black Music Festival and a “suburb” of small wooden houses with front porches that face the street.

罗斯·李的房产是一片狭长的地块，位于“郊区”中心，面向南北。通过对该网站大规模背景的调查和了解，为工作室的进一步发展提供了一个非常重要的基础。

Rose Lee’s property is a long, thin plot in the middle of the “suburb”, oriented north-south. The survey and understanding of the large-scale context of the site gave the Studio a very important basis to move forward.

罗丝·李家

Rose Lee’s House

玫瑰李的房子是一个‘L’型的庭院房子，有一个长的水平门廊面向街道和一个广场露台面向后院。

Rose Lee’s House is an ‘L’ shape courtyard house, with a long horizontal porch facing the street and a square patio facing to the back yard.

门廊致力于罗斯的社会生活，本着传统的南前廊精神。庭院被半透明的雪松墙所包围，保护了家庭的隐私。门廊朝向Footwash的“主街”有180°的视野，有一个大胆的悬垂屋顶，精致地用轻金属支架支撑着。庭院墙壁上的各种开口为邻居提供了特殊的视觉接触：罗斯的母亲、侄子和睡在后院的狗。这两个非常不同的户外空间有助于改善房屋的环境。门廊朝南，夏季遮阳建筑，朝北的庭院在冬天给外面的客厅提供了一个温和的房间。这座房子的“白天”部分位于前廊和庭院之间，这两处都是通过大的滑动门进入的。

The porch is dedicated to Rose’s social life, in the spirit of the traditional Southern front porch. The courtyard, enclosed by a semi transparent cedar wall, provides the protection of the family’s privacy. The porch has a 180° view towards Footwash’s ‘Main Street’, with a bold overhanging roof, delicately held by light metal supports. A variety of openings in the courtyard’s wall provide special visual contact with the neighbors: Rose’s mother, the nephews and the dog sleeping in the back yard. The two very different outdoor spaces help the house environmentally. The porch, facing south, shades the building in summer and the courtyard, facing north, gives a mild outside living room in winter. The “day” part of the house sits between the front porch and the courtyard, both of which are accessed via large sliding doors.

这座1200平方英尺的住宅被设计成核心体积，名为“机器”，西侧有一个垂直的“膨胀翼”。“机器”涵盖了家庭的主要需求：主卧室、大型起居室/餐厅、厨房和浴室。“扩张翼”为罗斯的儿子们提供了另外两间卧室。在未来，房子可以容纳一对有一个孩子的年轻夫妇，在她晚年照顾罗丝·李。

The 1,200 square foot dwelling has been designed with a core volume called the ‘Machine’ with a perpendicular ‘Expansion Wing’ on the west side of the site. The ‘Machine’ covers the main family needs: the master bedroom, a large living/dining room, kitchen and bathroom. The ‘Expansion Wing’ provides two more bedrooms for Rose’s sons. In the future, the house could accommodate a young couple with one child, to take care of Rose Lee in her later years.

 Courtesy of Auburn University Rural Studio

奥本大学农村工作室提供

家庭使用被动的策略来自然地照亮、加热和冷却房子，同时也降低了公共事业的成本。厨房和浴室都有自然光线和通风，客厅和卧室开口提供交叉通风。在前立面的一个牧师允许阳光在冬天加热房子。一个回收的壁炉完成了房屋的热供应，提供了一个有效的热源，容易获得的燃料。

The home uses passive strategies to light, heat and cool the house naturally while also reducing utility costs. Both the kitchen and bathroom have natural light and ventilation and the living room and bedroom openings provide cross-ventilation. A clerestory on the front elevation allows sunlight to heat the house in winter. A salvaged fireplace completes the heat supply of the house providing an effective source of heat with readily-available fuel.

设计与构建过程

The design and build process

罗斯的房子是由两组17名学生设计和建造的，年龄在19到23岁之间。学生们建造了从地基到完工的所有东西，包括电气和管道工程。鼓励学生通过观察、设计和建设两个学期来学习，作为一个庞大的团队工作。

Rose’s house was designed and fully built by two groups of seventeen students, between nineteen and twenty-three year in age. The students built everything from foundations to finishes, including electrical and plumbing work. The students were encouraged to learn by observing, designing and building along the two semesters, working as one large team.

 Courtesy of Auburn University Rural Studio

奥本大学农村工作室提供

第一组在乡村工作室度过了秋天，他们设计并建造了这台“机器”。第二组，谁参加了这个项目在春天，完成了房子‘扩展翼’和庭院。第一组设计工作侧重于建筑的类型、场地位置和形式；第二组设计细节、完成和材料选择。两组人都有相同的策略，分阶段为罗斯·李(Rose Lee)建造一个新家，让他们一家人保留他们现有的家，直到新的家准备就绪。

The first group, who spent the fall at Rural Studio, designed and built the ‘Machine.’ The second group, who joined the project in the spring, finished the house with the ‘Expansion Wing’ and the courtyard. The fist group design work focused on the typology, site location and form of the building; while the second group designed details, finishes and materials choices. Both groups shared the same strategy of building a new home for Rose Lee in phases, allowing the family to keep their existing home until the new one became ready.

 © Timothy Hursley

C.蒂莫西·赫斯利

结构与材料

Structure and materials

罗斯·李家是一个标准的木制平台框架结构，屋顶由四根桁架支撑，屋顶由2×8公称尺寸的红松从当地谷仓打捞而来。同样的回收木材被用来包裹在客厅和扩建走廊的墙壁，以便给公共室内空间一个层次和温暖的质感。独立的庭院墙和雨幕覆盖层是用雪松木建造的，由于其耐水和耐腐性，传统上一直使用在南方建筑上。

Rose Lee’s House is a standard wooden platform frame structure with a ‘pop up’ roof held up by four trusses, of 2x8 nominal dimension heart pine salvaged from a local barn. The same recycled wood was used to wrap the walls in the living room and the expansion hallway in order to give a hierarchy and a warmer texture to the communal interior spaces. The freestanding courtyard wall and rain screen cladding have been built with cedar wood, which has traditionally used on Southern buildings because of its water and decay resistance.

房子的每一个细节都是全面的和模拟的，以确保每一个选择都保证低维护和寿命，以及整个房子的一致设计。

Every detail of the house was drawn full-scale and mocked-up to make sure that each choice guaranteed low maintenance and longevity as well as a coherent design for the house as a whole. 

 Floor Plan