休息后阅读更多关于这座有争议的建筑的文章.

Read more about this controversial building after the break... 

1979年，波特兰市主办了一次设计波特兰服务大楼的竞赛，该大楼位于波特兰市中心一个40，000平方英尺的街区。该项目旨在容纳该市的市政办公室，位置独特，毗邻市政厅、县法院和查普曼广场公园。

In 1979 the City of Portland sponsored a competition for the design of the Portland Service Building, located on a 40,000 square-foot block in downtown Portland. The project, aimed to hold the city’s municipal offices, was uniquely located adjacent to City Hall, the County Courthouse and the Chapman Square Park.

 The Portland Building in 1983. Photo by Clausen Meredith via Society of Architectural Historians

1983年的波特兰大厦。克劳森·梅雷迪斯(Clausen Meredith)通过建筑历史学家学会拍摄的照片

年轻的迈克尔·格雷夫斯(MichaelGraves)提交了他雄心勃勃的设计，尽管他缺乏经验，部分原因在于他在陪审团中的一个盟友-朋友菲利普·约翰逊(PhilipJohnson)。格雷夫斯五彩缤纷的低成本设计给评委会留下了深刻的印象，评审团抛弃了竞争对手昂贵的玻璃和混凝土设计，并授予格雷夫斯佣金，因为他们知道这一设计肯定会把波特兰列入地图-的确如此。

The young Michael Graves submitted his ambitious design, despite his lack of experience, partially due to an ally he had in the jury—his friend Philip Johnson. Graves’ colorful low-cost design impressed the jury, who discarded his competitors' costly glass and concrete designs, and awarded Graves the commission, knowing the design was bound to put Portland on the map—which it did.

 courtesy of Michael Graves & Associates

迈克尔·格雷夫斯

这座建筑试图在过去和现在之间建立一个连续体：它是一个对称的街区，有四个白色的、灰泥覆盖的长方形外墙，上面有重新诠释的古典元素，比如过大的键盘、窃听器和防波堤。这座建筑建在一个两层高的基座上，让人想起希腊的基座，它把它分成了古典的三部分隔断的底座。此外，Graves还通过颜色增加了象征意义-绿色代表地面，蓝色代表天空，等等，以便将建筑与其环境和位置联系起来。

The building attempts to create a continuum between past and present: it’s a symmetrical block with four off-white, stucco-covered rectangular facades featuring reinterpreted Classical elements, such as over-scaled keystones, pilasters and belvederes. The building is set on a two-story base, reminiscent of a Greek pedestal, which divides it into the Classical three-part partition of base-body-top. Furthermore, Graves added symbolism through color—green for the ground, blue for the sky, etc—in order to visually tie the building to its environment and location. 

 Photo by flickr.com/photos/camknows. Used under Creative Commons

图片由flickr.com/相册/摄像机。在知识共享项下使用

建筑师和波特兰人对这座建筑的反应也参差不齐。在美学上，诸如缎带和奖章之类的高度风格化的元素被批评为缺乏政府大楼的尊严。另一些人则声称，这一设计充满了象征意义，过于关注对过去的引用。

Reaction to the building was mixed among architects and Portlanders as well. Aesthetically, the highly-styled elements, such as the ribbons and medallions, were critiqued as lacking the dignity of an official government building. Others claimed the design was overloaded with symbolism and too preoccupied with references to the past.

 Photo by flickr.com/photos/sacred_destinations . Used under Creative Commons

图片由flickr.com/相册/神圣的目的地。在知识共享项下使用

然而，更严重的是，这座建筑被批评为“表面上”融入了传统美学，而不允许传统元素发挥作用。例如，虽然设计中采用了拱廊，通常在行人和城市之间提供一个有遮蔽和间隙的空间，但波特兰大厦三面之间的拱廊只有两条街道以上的入口，因此很难进入。同样的困难困扰着第四座面向公园的立面，那里只有两扇小门，通向一家没有窗户的餐厅和一家后大堂。该大楼的使用者还抱怨说，大堂狭小而令人不快，办公空间昏暗，幽闭恐怖。更糟糕的是，裂缝意味着大厅和食品法庭需要在1990年，也就是开业仅仅8年后进行翻修。

More seriously, however, the building was criticized for “superficially” incorporating a traditional aesthetic without allowing said traditional elements to be functional. For example, although the design incorporates arcades, which conventionally provide a sheltered, interstitial space between the pedestrian and the city, the arcades that line the three facades of the Portland Building have only two entries set above street level, making them difficult to access. Similar difficulties of accessibility plague the fourth, park-facing facade, which has only two small doors that lead to a windowless restaurant and a back lobby. Users of the building also complain that the lobby is narrow and unpleasant, the office spaces dark and claustrophobic. To make things worse, cracks meant that the lobby and food court needed renovations in 1990, only 8 years after its opening.

 By Peter Meijer & Patience Stuart

彼得·梅耶尔

然而，波特兰建筑被认为是建筑史上的一个重要关键点，它将后现代主义从学院引入公共领域。它为后来比较成熟的后现代主义建筑铺平了道路，如沃尔特·迪斯尼世界天鹅和海豚度假村(1990年)、丹佛中央图书馆(1996年)和圣科莱塔学校(2006年)。

Nevertheless, the Portland building is considered a major key-point in architecture history, bringing Postmodernism out of the academy and into the public realm. It paved the way for later, more mature Postmodernist buildings, such as the Walt Disney World Swan and Dolphin Resort (1990), Denver Central Library (1996), and the St. Coletta School (2006).

 via archhistdaily.wordpress.com

通过archgroupdaily.wordpress.com

尽管波特兰建筑有缺点，但它标志着它无疑地背离了现代主义的单调。格雷夫斯开玩笑地解释道：“我想，‘他们为什么这么生气？’现代主义给了他们在垂直和横向、白色、灰色或黑色之间的选择。来吧“

Despite its faults, The Portland building marked an undoubted departure from the monotony of Modernism. As Graves playfully explained: “I thought, ‘Why are they so upset?’ Modernism has given them a choice between vertical and horizontal, white, gray or black. Come on.”

建筑师迈克尔·格雷夫斯位于南5大道1120号，波特兰，或97204，美国类别办公室，面积362400.0英尺2计划年1982年

Architects Michael Graves Location 1120 Southwest 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97204, United States Category Offices Area 362400.0 ft2 Project Year 1982