olympic grid. Image Courtesy of Buro AD + Spectacle

奥运格栅。布洛广告奇观的形象礼貌

规划通常在增加建筑物之前就引入组织和基础设施，而里约则倒退了。由于人口增长和流离失所引发了自发定居，城市的愿景和基础设施被追溯到过去，这种奇怪的自发增长和事后规划模式可以追溯到巴西前首都的整个历史中。作为对非正式增长的回应，这种增长至少早在1502年发现平原后就开始，并随着贫民窟的发展而继续发展，里约的城市规划史就是(超)反应性城市化的一个案例。

Whereas planning typically introduces organization and infrastructure before the addition of buildings, Rio had it backwards. As population growth and displacement triggered spontaneous settlement, the vision and infrastructure of the city were added retroactively.This curious pattern of spontaneous growth and post ex facto planning can be traced through the entire history of Brazil’s former capital. In response to informal growth, which began at least as early as the settlement of the plain after discovery in 1502 and continued with the growth of the favelas, Rio’s urban planning history was a case study in (hyper) reactive urbanism.

 favillas. Image Courtesy of Buro AD + Spectacle

偏袒。布洛广告奇观的形象礼貌

然而，事实证明，“追溯规划”是一个矛盾，豪斯曼式的干预只是通过取代现有居民来加速自发增长。20世纪60年代，安德烈·阿加奇(Andre Agache)、勒·柯布西耶(Le Corbuser)和交通工程师所信奉的务实的都市主义将隔离和边缘化的公共空间正式化。

However, as it turns out, ‘retroactive planning’ is a contradiction. Haussmann-esque interventions only accelerated the spontaneous growth by displacing existing residents. And the pragmatic urbanisms espoused by Andre Agache, le Corbusier, and traffic engineers in the 1960s formalized segregation and marginalized public space.

 overgrown Rio. Image Courtesy of Buro AD + Spectacle

生长过度的里约。布洛广告奇观的形象礼貌

在2014年和2016年这两次特大事件发生之时，里约的反应性城市化达到了顶峰。在追根溯源的基础设施热潮的基础上，如在贫民窟增加缆车、客运电梯和公用事业服务，提出了一项新的提高基础设施的建议。“天空提供了一个从零开始的完美机会-一张没有社区团体、环保人士或利益相关者的小报。电网提供的基础设施将使城市自由发展。这是我们的机会，最终创造的城市，里约一直是命中注定的！“市长宣布。

At the moment of the two mega events of 2014 and 2016, Rio’s reactive urbanism reached its zenith. Building on the mania of retroactive infrastructure, such as the addition of cable cars, passenger elevators, and utility services to the favelas, a new raised infrastructural was proposed. “The sky provides a perfect opportunity to start from scratch – a tabula rasa with no community groups, environmentalists or stakeholders. The infrastructure provided by The Grid will free the city to develop below. This is our chance to finally create the city Rio was always meant to be!” proclaimed the mayor.

 plan. Image Courtesy of Buro AD + Spectacle

计划。布洛广告奇观的形象礼貌

网格从上面提供服务和交通，通过最大限度地加强场馆之间的安全和连接，帮助大型活动取得成功。2016年，里约击败了澳大利亚、奥地利和加拿大的城市，成为世界上最宜居的城市。但里约的情况并不好。以前被困的地区，如贫民窟，突然变得高度服务、安全和方便。随着景观和地理位置的增加，贫民窟的属性变得非常有价值。一波突如其来的大规模士绅化浪潮发生了；党的墙壁被拆除，创造了庞大的“法夫利亚”，包括奇异的树木，豪华的游泳池和独特的观景台。

The Grid provided services and transportation from above, helping to make a success of the mega events by maximizing safety and connections between venues. In 2016 Rio defeated cities in Australia, Austria and Canada to become the Most Livable City in the world. But all was not well in Rio. Areas that were formerly stranded, such as the favelas, suddenly became highly serviced, secure and accessible. With the added advantages of views and location, favela properties became extremely valu­able. An unexpected wave of mass-gentrification occurred; party walls were removed to create sprawling ‘Favillas’, complete with exotic trees, luxurious swimming pools and exclusive viewing decks.

 section. Image Courtesy of Buro AD + Spectacle

部分。布洛广告奇观的形象礼貌

贫民窟的前居民被迫迁移。但只剩下一个方向了。被称为“清道夫之门”的人们为居住在城市表面之下创造了更大的战壕。

The former inhabitants of the favelas were forced to move. But there was only one direction left to go. ‘Escava­dores’, as they came to be called, created extended warrens for dwelling beneath the surface of the city.

有一天，电网的一部分坍塌了。工程师们很快做出了令人震惊的结论：尽管系统的冗余被设计成最小化任何故障，但它的完全破坏被E清道夫所破坏，注定了网格会像多米诺骨牌一样倒下。这座城市很快就被疏散了，慢慢地变成了一个扭曲的、笨重的废墟。树木在残骸中生长，里约城被遗忘了。

One day a portion of The Grid collapsed. Engineers quickly issued the stunning verdict: although the redundancy of the system was designed to minimize any failure, its complete undermining by Escavadores doomed The Grid to fall like dominoes. The city was quickly evacuated, and slowly became a twisted, hulking ruin. Trees grew through and over the wreckage, and the city of Rio was forgotten.