Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

设想一家酒店漂浮在海上的想法更像是幻想岛的一个插曲，而不是真正的建筑，在智利的第十一区的艾森水域摇摆。但是，蒙特港一群造船厂的聪明才智，建筑办公室萨巴格·阿奎托斯的设计，以及足够的工程来维护漂浮在水面上的混凝土块，使得最南端峡湾的面貌发生了变化。梦想成真的形式是属于世界第五家鲑鱼公司多重出口食品公司的浮动旅馆。

The idea of envisioning a hotel floating on the sea is more like an episode of Fantasy Island than the real constructions that sway over the waters of Aysen, in the XI Region of Chile. But the ingenuity of a group of shipyards in Puerto Montt, the design from the architecture office Sabbagh Arquitectos, and the adequate engineering to maintain concrete blocks afloat, allowed to change the face of the southernmost fjords. Dreams come true in the form of floating hotels belonging to the company Multiexport Foods, the world's fifth salmon company.

虽然这似乎是一个简单的故事，但最初的画面看上去并不是很鼓舞人心。这是因为他们的任务是设计符合公司环境标准的酒店，同时也为用户提供舒适，因为他们在海上停留了两周。混凝土砌块上的东西只有14x9米。如何满足项目的要求？技术创新、技术挑战和足智多谋是关键。

Although it seems like a simple story, the initial picture did not look very encouraging. This was because the task was to design hotels that met the environmental standards of the company and also offered comfort to the users, who stay up to two weeks at sea. Everything on concrete blocks just 14x9 meters. How to meet the demands of the project? Technological innovation, technical challenges and resourcefulness were key.

2005年在丰克港建造渔业大楼之后，多出口食品公司的管理人员渴望迎接新的挑战。他们如此热切地决定再次雇用胡安·萨巴格办公室的服务，这一次是为了更新艾森湾的景观。“在建筑设计方面，该委员会与渔业大楼类似，因为它是把和谐与景观结合起来，进而改善对工人的服务，”Sabbagh ArquArchtos的合作伙伴Juan Pedro Sabbagh回忆说。

After the construction of the Fisheries Building in Puerto Fonk in 2005, Multiexport Foods executives were eager to take on new challenges. So eager, that they decided to hire the services of the office of Juan Sabbagh again, this time to renew the landscape in the fjords of Aysen. "The commission, in terms of architectural design, is similar to the Fisheries building because it was about combining harmony with the landscape and in turn, improving services for the workers," recalls Juan Pedro Sabbagh, partner at Sabbagh Arquitectos.

因此，建筑师开始设计旅馆或住所，正如他们的名字所暗示的那样，为偏远地区的人们提供最佳的经营条件。为了确保最佳的条件，该项目的第一个想法是开发基于预制模块的集装箱，将其放置在陆地上。但是，禁止在环境领域建设，迫使我们把这些建筑搬到海里去。是的，你读对了，大海。

Thus, the architects set out to design hotels, or dwellings, that as their name implies, delivered optimum operating conditions to people in remote locations. And to ensure the best conditions, the first idea of the project was to develop containers based on prefabricated modules to be located on land. But the ban on construction in environmental areas forced us to move the constructions to the sea. Yes, you read that right, the sea.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

随着一个海域的授予，开始了技术和建筑方面的挑战。萨巴格说：“在这个地区，还有其他有游艇的养鱼场，但这些建筑在建筑和技术上都非常不稳定。”公司提高了他们的要求。多出口食品(Multiexport Foods)的代表表示：“该工厂应该能够在海外运营，以便对我们的生产进行最佳控制。而且，它不仅必须能够运转，而且还必须按照该公司严格的环境标准的要求，对生长地区进行轮换。”

With the grant of a maritime area, began the technical and architectural challenges. "In the area there are other fish farms that have houseboats, but these constructions are architecturally and technically very precarious," says Sabbagh. The company raised their demands. "The facility should be able to operate offshore in order to allow optimal control of our production. And it would have to be operable, not only to move but to rotate the growing areas, as required by the strict environmental standards of the company", say representatives of Multiexport Foods.

面对这样的要求，建筑师们利用了蒙特港塞特纳造船厂开发的混凝土砌块，并在这些基础上提出了成为该地区伟大的建筑和工程革命的建议。

Faced with such requirements, the architects took advantage of the concrete blocks developed by Sitecna shipyard in Puerto Montt, and on these they proposed what turned into the great architectural and engineering revolution for the area.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

但事情并不那么简单。建筑师们首先制定了建筑的设计标准。因此，他们记得，第一家酒店“付出了巨大的牺牲”，但付出的努力得到了回报，因为在第一次经历之后，我们得到了有趣的教训。

But it was not so simple. The architects began by imposing design criteria for construction. Thus, they remember that the first hotel "was done with great sacrifice," but the hard efforts paid off because after the first experience, interesting lessons were acquired.

我们讨论了一个在楼板上建造浮动混凝土旅馆的项目。但是，这些支持酒店的楼板是由什么组成的呢？他们怎么才能一直漂浮下去呢？我们一步走吧。

We talked about a project involving the construction of floating concrete hotels on slabs. But what do these slabs that support hotels consist of? And how do they stay afloat? Let's go step by step.

这些楼板，或混凝土外壳，作为建筑板，由14x9米的矩形钢筋混凝土表面组成，由相同材料的梁支撑。水下结构由一种特殊材料-H30混凝土组成，强度高，孔隙率低，防止盐水进入钢筋，避免锈蚀。

The slabs, or concrete hulls, which serve as building slabs, consist of rectangular reinforced concrete surfaces of 14x9 m, supported by beams of the same material. The structures that are under water consist of a special material, concrete H30, with higher strength and lower porosity than other types of concrete, that prevents the passage of saline water to the reinforcement bars, avoiding corrosion.

为了避免建筑物损坏，加强了预防措施。Ingevsa首席执行官爱德华多·瓦伦苏埃拉(Eduardo Valenzuela)解释说：“在钢筋前面涂上了至少10厘米的混凝土。此外，在与表面接触的区域里，特别注意的是氧气的存在更容易腐蚀。”这些板子有一个舱口进行维修。

To avoid damage to the building, precautions were increased. "Significant coating was placed, of at least 10 cm of concrete, before the bars. Additionally, special care was placed in areas in contact with the surface, which are more vulnerable to corrosion by the presence of oxygen," explains Eduardo Valenzuela, CEO of Ingevsa. The slabs have a hatch for maintenance.

但是这次冒险中最好的部分是建造石板，因为造船厂把它们组装在海湾里，等待涨潮的到来，以方便在海上完成的建筑物的移动。该项目的第五部分，即目前正在开发的1.000平方米的农业中心，将有独特的结构，而不是旧的回收结构。

But the best part of this adventure was building the slabs, because the shipyards assemble them in the bay, waiting for high tide to facilitate the movement of structures, which are concluded at sea. This task has been refined since the fifth element of the project, a farming center of 1.000 m2 currently being developed, will have unique structures instead of recycled structures from old

浮动房屋，这将使建筑师和建筑商更好地控制空间。事实上，它预计将增加另一层的两个已经建成的房间。

floating houses, which will give the architects and builders a better control of the space. In fact, it is expected to add another floor to the two that have the rooms already built.

你会想知道这些楼板是如何浮动的，特别是因为它们支持每家400平方米的酒店。瓦伦苏拉解释说：“这是一个集中在建筑下部的系统，在这个例子中是在​​浮动区域，并且在顶部变得更轻。”

You will wonder how the slabs float, especially since they support hotels 400 m2 each. "It is a system that concentrates weight in the lower part of the construction, in this case in the ​​floating area, and becomes lighter on top", explains Valenzuela.

事实上，虽然混凝土集中在较低的区域，但上部结构是镀锌金属，轮廓为75x75厘米，可以减轻向海底的负荷。出于同样的原因，避免了两层间的楼板，这将迫使额外的结构加固，使项目更加昂贵。镀锌金属也施加了条件。瓦伦苏拉说：“电网是在镀锌池中形成的，这意味着必须将接头固定起来，因为焊缝会损坏镀锌层。”

Indeed, while the concrete is concentrated in the lower area, the upper structure is galvanized metal, with thin 75x75 cm profiles, which can lighten the load towards the seabed. For the same reason, slabs between floors were avoided, which would have forced an additional strengthening of the structure, making the project more expensive. The galvanized metal also imposed conditions. "The grids are made in galvanized pools, which means that the joints must be bolted because a weld would damage the galvanizing," said Valenzuela.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

细长须考虑风的结构计算。这是因为，不像混凝土这样受地震影响的实体结构，最轻的元素很容易受到风的影响。

The slenderness had to consider wind in terms of the structural calculation. This is because, unlike solid structures like concrete, which are affected by earthquakes, the lightest elements are vulnerable to wind.

该结构设计为抵御180公里/小时的风，并通过斜撑加固，以承受横向荷载，薄轮廓位于墙壁后面或隐藏在酒店的后面。

The structure was designed to withstand winds of 180 km / h and was reinforced by diagonal bracing, designed to withstand lateral loads, with slim profiles located behind the walls or hidden in the backs of the hotels.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

结构具有很高的浮力，因为满足了一个简单的规则，那就是计算由结构重量引起的水的力。因此，考虑淹没体积由水的密度得出一个值，表明位移。瓦伦苏拉说：“如果事实证明，酒店的重量大于它所排放的水，那么它就会下沉。”明白了现在让我们来看看海上有什么。

The structure has high buoyancy due to the fulfillment of a simple rule that is to calculate the force of water caused by the weight of the construction. Thus, considering the submerged volume by the density of water yields a value that indicates displacement. "If the weight of the hotel proves greater than the water it displaces, it sinks," says Valenzuela. Understood. Now let us examine what is on the sea.

最好能澄清的是，从Montt港运来的石板是通过一个安全和创新的系统锚定在上部结构上的，以避免任何脱离的危险。

It is good to clarify that the slabs transported from Puerto Montt were anchored to the upper structures through a secure and innovative system, so as to avoid any danger of detachment.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

因此，这些楼板通过混凝土底座或搭板连接到结构上。相应地，每隔15厘米就把螺栓附在基座上，就像梳子的牙齿一样。“在基座上钻一个表面，粘上一种特殊的胶水，然后引入一个条纹柱，放置模板，浇筑混凝土，然后移除模板，”工程师列出。该系统用粘接剂加固，以确保混凝土板与基层的连接。此外，板块漂浮在40厘米以上的基础，酒店几乎80厘米以上的海平面。

Thus, the slabs are joined to the structures through concrete bases or plynths. In turn, bolts are attached to the bases, and on these, pillars every 15 cm, as the teeth of a comb. "A surface was drilled on the base, adhered to a special glue, then a striated column was introduced, the formwork was placed, the concrete was poured and then the formwork removed," lists the engineer. The system was reinforced with a bonding adhesive to secure the joint of the concrete slab with the base. Also, the slab floats 40 cm above the bases, and the hotels are almost 80 cm above the sea level.

对于建筑师来说，酒店的内部和外部设计是至关重要的。事实上，他们保持公司的颜色，深石墨灰色，因为它使他们与景观协调。这是通过专门为该项目开发的薄板实现的，这使得墙和天花板之间的连续性得以实现。

For the architects, interior and exterior design of the hotels was crucial. In fact, they maintained the company's corporate color, dark graphite gray, because it allowed them to harmonize with the landscape. This was achieved through sheets specially developed for the project, that allow for continuity between the wall and ceiling.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

公司打算给员工一个舒适的标准，因此设想了一个尽可能舒适的视觉环境。这是通过给空间提供更高的高度，使用木材作为室内装饰来增加温暖，以及分配大的双层玻璃窗来提供光和保持室内温度，减少了限制的感觉。

The company intended to give a comfortable standard for its workers, so a visual environment as comfortable and pleasant as possible was conceived. This was achieved by giving more height to the spaces, using wood for interior finishes to add warmth, and allocating large double-glass windows to provide light and keep the interior temperature, reducing the feeling of confinement.

建筑师们补充说，光和空间都是必不可少的。萨巴格说：“自然光和通风应该是所有房间的元素，因此每个房间都有一个可操作的通风窗口，以及一系列照亮和扩大空间的隔间窗户。”在外面，一个循环系统的表面为停靠船和维修服务。酒店内部有两个层次，一个是经营型住宅，另一个是休闲型住宅.这两家公司都有供经理和员工使用的房间，甚至有些皮划艇手也可以通过这一地区。

The architects add that both light and space were essential. "Natural light and ventilation should be elements present in all rooms, so every room has an operable window for ventilation, and a series of bay-windows that illuminate and expand the space," says Sabbagh. Outside, a circulatory surface serves for docking boats and maintenance. Inside the hotels there are two levels, one as operative-dwelling, and the other as leisure-dwelling. Both have rooms for both managers and workers alike, even for some kayakers passing through the 

在设施方面，该公司打算允许“人员的连接和休闲”。因此，包括电视房、游戏室、运动场和网吧。

In terms of facilities, the company intended to allow "the connectivity and leisure of personnel". For this reason, a TV room, game room, exercise area, and cyber cafe are included.

 Cortesía de Sabbagh Arquitectos

Cortesía de Sabbagh ArquArchtos

作者Claudia Ramírez F.

by Claudia Ramírez F.

新闻协调员

Journalistic Coordinator

BIT杂志第57号，2007年11月

BiT Magazine nº57, November 2007

Architects Sabbagh Arquitectos

Location Guaitecas Archipelago, Guaitecas, Aysén, Chile

Category Hotels

Project Architects Juan Sabbagh, Mariana Sabbagh, Juan Pedro Sabbagh, Felipe Sabbagh

Project Area 2600.0 m2

Project Year 2006

Photography Courtesy of Sabbagh Arquitectos

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