Rotterdam Centraal Team CS

架构师提供的文本描述。鹿特丹中心

Text description provided by the architects. Rotterdam Centraal

鹿特丹中心站是荷兰最重要的交通枢纽之一。公共交通终点站每天有11万名乘客，旅客人数与阿姆斯特丹机场斯奇浦(Schiphol)一样多。除了欧洲高速列车(HST)网络外，鹿特丹中心还连接到轻轨系统RandstadRailline。随着HST和Randstad轨的出现，鹿特丹中心的每日旅客人数预计到2025年将增加到323，000人左右。

Rotterdam Centraal Station is one of the most important transport hubs in The Netherlands. With 110,000 passengers a day the public transport terminal has as many travelers as Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. In addition to the European network of the High Speed Train (HST), Rotterdam Centraal is also connected to the light rail system, RandstadRail. With the advent of both the HST and RandstadRail the number of daily travelers at Rotterdam Centraal is expected to increase to approximately 323,000 by 2025.

鹿特丹HST是荷兰从南部出发的第一站，战略位置位于欧洲中部，施基浦仅20分钟，巴黎仅2个半小时。因此，新车站不仅比前者更大、更明亮、更有序，而且还具有国际化的感觉；它完美地补充了希斯皮德车站的效率，以及鹿特丹城市对城市发展和更新的大胆雄心。该站在各个方面都与马德里、巴黎、伦敦和布鲁塞尔的中央车站的实用性、容量、舒适性和吸引力相匹配。

Rotterdam HST is the first stop in the Netherlands when travelling from the south and is strategically positioned in the middle of Europe, with Schiphol only twenty minutes and Paris a mere two and a half hours away. Hence the new station is not only larger, brighter and more orderly than the former, but also has an international feel; it beautifully complements both the efficiency of the Hispeed stop and the Rotterdam city’s bold ambitions for urban development and renewal. The station matches in all respects the practicality, capacity, comfort and allure, of the central stations of Madrid, Paris, London and Brussels.

城市环境一体化

Integration in urban environment

鹿特丹中心站的基本挑战之一是该站北侧和南侧的城市特性不同。北侧的入口设计适中，适合附近ProvenierSWIJK的特点和较少的乘客数量。入口逐渐连接到城市。在普罗文尼尔斯威克，19世纪荷兰省城的特色得到了加强。在车站的这一边避免了大的建筑延伸，绿色的存在得到改善，车站是透明的。

One of the fundamental challenges of Rotterdam Centraal station was the difference in the urban character of the north and south side of the station. The entrance on the north side has a modest design, appropriate to the character of the neighborhood Provenierswijk and the smaller number of passengers. The entrance gradually connects to the city. In the Provenierswijk the character of the 19th-century Dutch provincial town is strengthened. Large architectural extensions are avoided on this side of the station, the presence of green is ameliorated and the station is transparent.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

相比之下，城市一侧的大入口显然是通往高层城市中心的门户。在这里，车站从由玻璃和木头组成的大厅中获得了新的国际都市形象。大厅的屋顶，全身都是不锈钢，形成了建筑的标志性特征，指向了城市的中心。

In contrast, the grand entrance on the city side is clearly the gateway to the high-rise urban center. Here the station derives its new international, metropolitan identity from the hall made of glass and wood. The roof of the hall, fully clad with stainless steel, gives rise to building’s iconic character and points to the heart of the city.

现在，鹿特丹中心拥有适合城市景观的结构和尺度；它与大都市的高度保持平衡，同时也反映了人类的规模。鹿特丹的城市被吸引到新的车站，通过紧实的小规模的城市纹理围绕公共交通枢纽。整个铁路区域与城市成为一体。这种更精细的城市纹理，加上新的视线和生活与工作的混合，将极大地改善车站地区的生活质量和环境。

Now Rotterdam Centraal has the appropriate structure and dimensions for the urban landscape; it is in balance with the heights that characterize the metropolis and simultaneously reflects the human scale. The city of Rotterdam is drawn to the new station via the compaction of the small-scale urban texture surrounding the public transport terminal. The entire railway zone becomes one with the city. This finer urban texture with new sightlines and a mixture of living and working will dramatically improve the quality of life and the environment of the station area.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

车站前面的游乐园是一个连续的公共空间。为了实现这一简单，广场下设有一个可容纳750辆汽车的停车场和一个可容纳5，200辆自行车的自行车棚。电车站被移到车站的东侧，所以站台拓宽了广场。巴士、电车、的士及短期泊车区均已纳入现有的城市架构，并不构成障碍。车站楼层的红石一直延伸到前厅，将车站与城市合并。行人和自行车路线是愉快和安全的，到达的旅客现在有尊严的入口城市，没有交通。

The esplanade in front of the station is a continuous public space. To achieve this simplicity a parking garage for 750 cars and a bicycle shed for 5,200 bicycles are located under the square. The tram station is moved to the east side of the station, so the platforms broaden the square. Bus, tram, taxi and the area for short-term parking are integrated into the existing urban fabric and do not constitute barriers. The red stone of the station floor continues into the forecourt, merging the station with the city. Pedestrian and cycling routes are pleasant and safe and arriving travelers now have dignified entrance to the city, free from traffic.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

内部和外观

Interior and appearance

结合自然光，温暖的阳光和现代的外观是设计的重要因素。Proveniersside的平台屋顶是透明的。当火车开进车站时，有一种几乎可以感觉到的感觉，那就是被包裹在车站大楼里。当从中央进入明亮的大厅时，旅行者就能看到整个建筑群的全貌，并能看到在月台上等待的列车。

Incorporation of natural light, the warmth of the sun’s rays and a modern look are important elements in the design. The platform roof on the Proveniersside is transparent. When the train drives into the station, there is an almost tangible feeling of being enshrouded in the station building. Upon entering in the bright high hall through the center side, the traveler gets an overview of the entire complex and a view to the trains that are waiting invitingly along the platforms.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

大厅内部的木质装饰，加上站台屋顶的结构木梁，营造了一种温暖、温馨的氛围，吸引了游客的留恋。覆盖了250米长的所有轨道的透明屋顶结构，使平台充满了光线。屋顶的玻璃板通过使用不同的太阳能电池模式来改变透光率，从而在平台上产生一种不断变化和引人入胜的阴影。

The wood finish on the inside of the hall, combined with the structural wooden beams of the platform roof creates a warm and welcoming ambience, inviting visitors to linger. The largely transparent roof structure which covers all the tracks over a length of 250 meters, flood the platforms with light. The glass plates of the roof vary the level of light transmittance by utilizing different solar cells patterns, which produce an ever-changing and fascinating play of shadows on the platforms.

路由和布局

Routing and layout

通过车站的路线是合乎逻辑的；旅客由列车的直视和透过透明屋顶平台延伸到楼梯的空隙穿透旅客通道的日光引导。由于它的透明度，拓宽的旅客通道，与商业功能，形成了车站的一个自然的部分。自动扶梯，电梯和楼梯通向新的平台，其中具有诱人和舒适的平台家具。在车站的西侧，有一座行人天桥在轨道上，供过境的旅客使用。在紧急情况下，这座行人天桥亦用作逃生路线。

The routing through the station is logical; travelers are guided by a direct view of the trains and by the daylight that penetrates to the traveler’s passage via the voids that extend through the transparent roof platform and down to the stairs. Because of its transparency the widened traveler’s passage, lined with commercial functions, forms a natural part of the station. Escalators, lifts and stairs lead up to the new platforms, which feature inviting and comfortable platform furniture. On the west side of the station there is a footbridge over the tracks for travelers in transit. This footbridge also functions as an escape route in the event of an emergency.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

旅客终点站是连接火车、电车、公共汽车和地铁的国家和国际枢纽。公共交通终点站是为乘客舒适而设计的，可在车站的不同区域看到。它包括商业空间，休息室，餐厅，办公室，汽车和自行车停车场。在宽敞的大堂内，旅客服务功能安排方便。有旅游信息，信息点，荷兰铁路(NS)旅客商店，售票机和商业功能。大咖啡厅́和NS-休息室提供壮观的景观穿过大厅和邻近的轨道。大厅和通道的等候区与客流相连，既有浏览区，也有快速购物区。

The passenger terminal is a national and international hub that connects train, tram, bus and subway. The public transport terminal is designed for passenger comfort, which is visible in the different zones of the station. It includes commercial spaces, a lounge, restaurants, offices, parking for cars and bicycles. In the spacious concourse the passenger service functions are conveniently arranged. There is travel information, an information point, the Dutch Railways (NS) travelers shop, ticket vending machines and commercial functions. The grand café and the NS-lounge offer spectacular views across the hall and the adjacent tracks. Waiting areas in the hall and the passage are linked to the passenger flows, with areas both for browsing and quick shopping.

新的鹿特丹中心站是一个令人愉快、开放和透明的公共交通枢纽，作为一个标志性的交汇点。车站交织在城市网络中，连接着城市的多样化特征，标志着鹿特丹文化轴心的开始。这座现代化、高效的建筑为往返港口城市的旅客提供了他们现在和未来想要或需要的所有便利设施和舒适。

The new Rotterdam Centraal Station is a pleasant, open and transparent public transport terminal which functions as an iconic meeting point. Interwoven into the urban network, the station connects the diverse characters of the city and marks the beginning of Rotterdam’s cultural axis. This modern and efficient building offers travelers to and from the port city all the amenities and comfort they could want or need in the present and the future.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

Sustainability

有13万个太阳能电池的窗户覆盖了28，000平方米屋顶总面积的10，000平方米。这是荷兰在车站屋顶上最大的太阳能应用，也是欧洲最大的屋顶太阳能项目之一。太阳能电池放置在屋顶的部分，获得最多的阳光，考虑到鹿特丹中心周围的高层建筑。在太阳能电池中使用不同的图案，玻璃板的透光率不同。屋顶在阳光方面效率最高的地方，电池密度最高。集成在屋顶上的太阳能电池具有很高的透明度，因此有充足的光线。太阳能电池意味着空间站的二氧化碳排放量减少了8%。这些电池预计每年可发电320兆瓦，足够100户家庭使用。

Windows with 130,000 solar cells cover 10,000 m2 of the total roof area of 28,000 m2. This is the largest application of solar energy in a station roof in The Netherlands and is also one of the largest rooftop solar projects in Europe. The solar cells are placed on the parts of the roof that get the most sun, taking into account the high buildings around Rotterdam Centraal. The glass panels vary in light transmittance by using different patterns in the solar cells. Where the roof has the greatest efficiency in terms of sunlight, the cell density is the highest. The solar cells that are integrated in the roof have a high degree of transparency, so there is ample light. The solar cells represent an 8% reduction in the station’s CO2 emissions. The cells are expected to generate 320 megawatt per annum, which is enough energy for 100 households.

 © Jannes Linders

.Jannes Linders

前一站是由拉夫迪恩的赛博尔德于1957年设计的。然而，这座战后建筑已不再适合目前交通枢纽的乘客人数和复杂程度。为了保持建筑物拆除后与过去的联系，可以在新的鹿特丹中心找到前一站的几个特色元素。两座典型的花岗岩雕塑被放置在通往自行车隧道的通道上方。此外，这些办公室的正面采用了斯佩库拉斯杰的图案。公园的起点由两个旗杆组成，这两个旗杆也是前一个车站的一部分。此外，中央车站和车站时钟的字母被自豪地展示在当前的façade上，作为对过去的敬意。

The former station was designed by Sybold of Ravesteyn in 1957. However, this post-war building was no longer suitable for the current passenger numbers and complexity of the transport hub. In order to maintain the connection with the past after the demolition of the building, several characteristic elements from the former station can be found in the new Rotterdam Centraal. The Speculaasjes, two typical granite sculptures are placed above the access to the bike tunnel. Moreover, the pattern of the Speculaasjes is used in the facade of the offices. The beginning of the esplanade is defined by two flagpoles, which were also part of the former station. Moreover, the letters CENTRAAL STATION and the station clock are proudly displayed on the current façade as a tribute to the past.

在车站的主大厅安装了40x4.5米的LED屏幕。为了强调港口的重要性和加强城市与港口之间的联系，鹿特丹港向鹿特丹市捐赠了LED显示屏。通过在这个LED屏幕上显示港口的元素，鹿特丹港希望给每天到达鹿特丹的成千上万的旅客一种他们已经进入港口城市的感觉，尽管由于海洋的发展，港口已经慢慢地从城市景观中消失了。现在，游客们可以在一天中的任何时间和时间欣赏到欧洲最大港口的景色。

In the main hall of the station a LED screen of 40 x 4.5 meters has been installed. To emphasize the importance of the port and to strengthen the bond between the city and the port, the Port of Rotterdam donated the LED screen to the City of Rotterdam. By showing elements of the port on this LED screen, the Port of Rotterdam wants to give the thousands of travelers who arrive daily in Rotterdam the feeling that they have entered a port city, even though the port has slowly disappeared from the cityscape, due to seawards development. Now travelers can enjoy views of Europe's largest port at all hours and times of the day.

Architects West 8, Benthem Crouwel Architects, MVSA Meyer en van Schooten Architecten

Location Stationsplein 1, 3013 AJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Category Train Station

Lead Architects Jan Benthem, Marcel Blom, Adriaan Geuze, Jeroen van Schooten

Design Team Arman Akdogan, Anja Blechen, Freek Boerwinkel, Amir Farokhian, Joost Koningen, Joost van Noort, Falk Schneeman, Daphne Schuit, Matthijs Smit (†), Andrew Tang, Wouter Thijssen, Joost Vos