1.“社会缺席”与“非正式建筑”之间的城市和社会特征巴里奥·莫拉维亚位于麦德林市东北部的脚趾区，通过Paseo Urbano Carabobo与市中心相连。在莫拉维亚，新的城市空间和文化活动开始对这一领域产生一种不同的看法。莫拉维亚是一个无计划的定居点和多样化的城市发展的地方。2004年12月23日的人口普查显示，有4300处房产位于有形和不可收回的环境风险区、非正规住区占据的凹槽地区，以及开发流动项目、创造公共空间和各种设施的机会。历史上，无计划的住房是在巴里奥·莫拉维亚建造的，其中大部分位于垃圾填埋场。摩拉维亚是一个封闭结构的城市系统，它有利于其居民社区生活的“向内发展”，具有迷宫式的城市网格和减少与城市的物理关系。

1. The Urban and Social Characteristics Between Social Absences and Informal Constructions Barrio Moravia is located in toe northeastern sector of the city of Medellín and is connected to the downtown area through the Paseo Urbano Carabobo.Near Moravia new urban spaces and cultural activities are beginning to generate a different perception of the sector. Moravia has been the place of unplanned settlements and diverse urban growths. The December 23, 2004, census indicated that there are 4,300 properties located in the zone of physical and non – recoverable environmental risk, areas of recessed brooks occupied by informal settlements and an opportunity for the development of mobility projects, the generation of public space and diverse facilities. Unplanned housing has, historically, been build in Barrio Moravia, the majority of them located on a landfill. Moravia is an urban system with a closed configuration, which favors the “inward development” of the community life of its inhabitants, with a labyrinthine urban grid and reduced physical relationships with the city.

 Second Floor Plan

二层平面图

根据2004年的人口普查，莫拉维亚35%的人口年龄在3岁至10岁之间，这使得人们可以考虑到需要公共和集体设施来照顾幼儿。自2005年以来，连续有计划的干预行动表明，大区是该市人口最稠密的定居点之一，这一问题-再加上国家的历史忽视、武装冲突的存在以及社会、经济、教育和文化问题的恶化-需要市政当局进行全面干预。

According to the 2004 census, 35% of the population in Moravia was between three and ten years old, ages that would permit thinking of the need for public and collective facilities for early-childhood care. Successive, planned interventions since 2005 showed the process of the physical consolidation of the barrio as one of the most densely populated settlements in the city.This problem –coupled with the historic neglect of the State, the presence of armed conflict and the worsening of social, economic, educational and cultural problems– necessitated the comprehensive intervention by the Municipal Administration.

 © Sergio Gómez

(Sergio Gómez)

2.儿童早期教育和家庭空间-反对麦德林公共工程秘书办公室制定的A功绩竞赛项目的起源-允许制定准则，利用公共资金设计和建设高质量的幼儿园，指导方针由哥伦比亚家庭福利研究所(Instituto Columbia Biano De Bienestar)制定，ICBF的首字母(西班牙语)和健康启动方案，来自麦德林市长办公室。

2. A Space for Early – Childhood Education and Family Encounters The Origin of the Project A Merit Competition, formulated by the Office of the Medellín Secretary of Public Works, allowed the establishment of guidelines to design and build a Quality Early – Childhood Kindergarten with public funds, oriented by guidelines formulated by the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, ICBF for its initials in Spanish) and the Healthy Start Program, from the Office of the Mayor of Medellín.

该项目和属地面积超过90%，周围是北面和南侧未规划的住房建筑-这证明了这一街区非正式形成的历史-摩拉维亚幼儿园和家庭中心位于这里，是家庭聚会的场所。该项目是卡雷拉57号(连接幼儿园至莫拉维亚文化中心的道路)上的一个公共空间，通过树木庭院(树木庭院)，将环境与该项目结合在一起。这是一个城市空间，供社会和家庭聚会，而这一部门的密度不断增加，这使得在国家干预措施中产生集体和家庭空间的目的是幼儿期。

The Project and Territoriality On a lot with slopes exceeding 90% and surrounded by unplanned housing constructions on the north and south sides – which evidence the history of the informal formation of the barrio – the Moravia Kindergarten and Family Center is located, a space for family encounters, a home for children of the area from zero to five years old.The project is on Carrera 57 (the road that joins the Kindergarten to the Moravia Cultural Center) through the Patio de los Árboles (Courtyard of Trees), a public space with controlled access, which integrates the environment with the project. It is an urban space for social and family gatherings amid the unplanned, growing density of the sector, which allows the generation of collective and family spaces in State interventions aimed at early childhood.

 © Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

c Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

3.幼儿园和城市项目：在一个历来以暴力、贫穷和国家忽视状况为特点的部门，通过非正规建筑和增加职业密度，这一提议通过教育、娱乐、保健和营养等战略加强了社会和家庭结构，非正式城市-通过承认多样性和为接触、娱乐和对话创造集体空间而改变领土的空间。

3. The Kindergarten and the Urban Project:Articulation and Transformation of the Land In a sector historically characterized by conditions of violence, poverty and State neglect, with informal constructions and increasing occupational densities, this proposal strengthens the social and family fabric through strategies of education, recreation, health and nutrition in the middle of the constructed, informal city.It is a space that transform the territory through the recognition of diversity and the generation of collective spaces for encounters, recreation and dialogue.

该幼儿园由麦德林市长办公室市政公共工程秘书办公室提出，并由健康启动方案协调，是此类公共目的地建筑的第一次体验，它批准了该市21所新的幼儿园，其中3所是通过国家公开招标获得的，另外18所是由Medellín城市发展公司(Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano de Medellín，Edu)开发的。

The Kindergarten, proposed by the Office of the Secretary of Municipal Public Works of the Office of the Mayor of Medellín and coordinated by the Healthy Start Program, is the first experience of this type of public – destination buildings, which has served to approve 21 new kindergartens in the city.Three of them were awarded through national public tender and 18 more have been developed by the Medellín Urban Development Corporation (Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano de Medellín, EDU).

 © Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

c Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

Rboles建筑与街道相连(部门选择的公共空间)；内部规划家庭生活和社区遭遇，非正式建造的城市允许包括集体空间和教育空间，作为通过教育、健康和营养加强社会纤维的战略，这是麦德林市优质幼儿园方案的具体方面。

The Patio de los Árboles joins the building to the street (the public space of choice of the sector); inside it projects family life and community encounters.The informally build city allows the inclusion of collective spaces and educational spaces as a strategy to strengthen the social fiber through education, health and nutrition, specific aspects of the Quality Kindergarten Program in the city of Medellín.

穿越洛斯波尔斯大教堂意味着与地球和空气接触：一系列庭院和坡道允许逐步发现集体空间，而基础规划则被折叠在陆地的地形图中。

Crossing the Patio de los Árboles means coming into contact with the earth and the air:a succession of courtyards and ramps allow discovering – step by step – the collective spaces while the base plan is folded into the topography of the land.

一个斜坡，作为基础空间系统的顶部，进入第二层，在那里可以找到餐厅、厨房和办公室。

A ramp that serves as the crest of the spatial system of the foundation accesses the second level, where the dining room, kitchen and offices are found.

 © Sergio Gómez

(Sergio Gómez)

注意与互动室：山坡上营造集体习惯的空间，注意与互动室与外界产生关系，从院落控制室内空间。三个独立的街区，通过开放空间和有盖的流通区域，将房间与室外空间结合在一起，由教师控制和监控。在第一层，一至三岁儿童的房间与游戏球场相连，而第二层-为三至五岁的儿童-与“知识球场”(知识庭院)相结合。

The Attention and Interaction Rooms:Spaces for the Construction of Collective Habits On the slope of the mountain, the Attention and Interaction Rooms generate a relationship with the outside world, allowing control of its interior space from the courtyards.Three independent block, joined through open spaces and covered circulation areas integrate the rooms with outdoor spaces, controlled and monitored by the teachers. In the first level, the rooms for children from one to three years old are connected to the Patio de los Juegos (the Game Courtyard), while the second level – for children from three to five years old – is integrated to the Patio del Conocimiento (the Knowledge Courtyard).

 Perspective

4.该建筑的材料语言包含了城市、空间和技术建议中具有街区特色的正式组成部分和材料，基础延续了立面的现有线条，构成了项目的门户。Edificio de Actividdes Múltiples(多活动建筑)是为了形成Losrboles广场，这是一个用砖块建造的集体空间，是该部门房屋的特色材料。

4. The Material Language The building incorporates the formal components and materials that are characteristic of the barrio for its urban, spatial and technical proposal.The foundation continues the existing lines of the façade and forms the gateway to the project. The Edificio de Actividades Múltiples (Multi – Activity Building) is set back to form the Patio de los Árboles, a collective space constructed in brick, the characteristic material of the houses of the sector.

该多活动建筑提出了一个控制系统的太阳入侵，通过预制混凝土元素，在矿石，白色和兵马俑，安排根据太阳的位置每年的每一天。

The Multi – Activity Building presents a control system for solar incursion through precast – concrete elements in ochre, white and terracotta, arranged according to the location of the sun every day of the year.

混凝土是它的自然状态，颜色、油漆和砖墙-最初是在形成围墙时出现的材料-再一次被用来通过标准化的安装系统建立一种材料语言，这种系统允许使用该部门的劳动力进行高效、协调和模块化的建筑。

Concrete is its natural state and in colors, painted and brick walls – materials that have originally been present in the formation of the barrio – are used once again to establish a material language through standardized installation systems that permit using labor from the sector for efficient, coordinated and modular construction.

 © Juan Felipe Gómez Tobón

(Juan Felipe Gómez Tobón)

5.环境项目太阳方向和城市风，考虑到建筑物东面和西面的方向，有必要用中等高度的树木加强树荫，这些树木的叶子可以使60%的透光率达到60%。集体空间中的阴影因盛行的风流而得到加强，速度在每秒1.5到2米之间。

5. The Environmental Project Solar Orientation and Urban Wind Given the orientation of the building with its long east and west façades, it was necessary to reinforce the shade in the Patio de los Árboles with medium – height species of trees that had foliage that permitted a 60% permeability of light.The shadow in the collective space is reinforced by the prevailing wind currents, with speeds of between 1.5 and 2 meters per second.

阴凉地区的横风使温度和相对湿度得以良好地交换，改善了多活动建筑、庭院和注意与互动室的空气质量。

The cross wind in shaded areas allows a favorable exchange of temperature and relative humidity, improving the air quality in the Multi – Activity Building, the courtyards and in the Attention and Interaction Rooms.

太阳能控制，自然照明和通风

Solar Control, Natural Lighting and Ventilation

由彩色预制-混凝土元件组成的系统控制太阳对西面的侵入。这些元素的排列是根据一年中任何时候太阳的倾斜度来安排的，以便在使用室内空间时产生良好的效果。庭院接收来自植被和建筑物的阴影；多功能建筑的露台允许0至1岁的婴儿在清晨暴露在阳光下。

A system of colored precast – concrete elements controls solar incursion on the west façade.The arrangement of these elements is made according to the inclination of the sun at all times of the year and in order to generate wellness in the use of the interior spaces. The courtyards receive the shadows from vegetation and the buildings; the terrace of the Multi – Activity Building permits exposure to the sun of infants between 0 and 1 year old in the early hours of the morning.

注意力和互动室的侧壁采用滑动窗户和穿孔系统，允许空气进入室内空间。摩拉维亚幼儿园的环境和集体空间已被改造，为城市提供了一个城市环境、文化、娱乐和教育空间。它的目的是通过对家庭这个社会基本单位的全面关注，将建筑与社区和城市结合起来。

The Attention and Interaction Rooms work with a system of sliding windows and perforations in their side walls, which permit the passage of air into the interior space.The environment and the collective spaces of the Moravia Kindergarten have been adapted to provide the city with an urban environmental, cultural, recreational and educational space. It aims to integrate the building with the barrio and with the city through the comprehensive attention to the family, the basic unit of society.

 © Sergio Gómez

(Sergio Gómez)

6.计划外城市中的城市、教育和文化空间

6. An urban, educational and cultural space in the unplanned city

莫拉维亚幼儿园是一个了解教育空间的机会，作为家庭和社区的一个场所，超出了其功能的具体要求，在没有事先规划的情况下在边界之间建立起来，并且具有巴里欧形态的特点，这是一个供幼儿培训的公共空间，可以容纳。在缺勤期间，它提供了家庭相遇的可能性、社会力量和希望的权利。

The Moravia Kindergarten is an opportunity to understand the educational space as a place for the family and the community, beyond the specifics of their functions.Between boundaries build without prior planning and which have characterized the morphology of the Barrio, a public space for early – childhood training allows inclusion. In the middle of absences, it provides the possibility of family encounters, social strengthening and the right to hope.

一个充满开放空间的花园，一个梦想开始成长的地方。

A Garden of open spaces, a place where dreams begin to grow.

 © Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

c Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

Architects Alejandro Restrepo-Montoya Arquitectura, Javier Castañeda Acero

Location Carrera 57, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia

Category Kindergarten

Design Team Javier Castañeda Acero, Alejandro Restrepo Montoya, Edison Bedoya Santamaría, Juan Esteban Parra Henao, Pablo Rico Álvarez, Jorge Andrés Arenas Betancur, Juan David Cerón Betancur, Zulay Andrea Rendón Cardona

Area 950.0 m2

Project Year 2009

Photographs Sergio Gómez, Juan Felipe Gómez Tobón, Vásquez Villegas Fotografía

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