© James Griffioen

詹姆斯·格里菲安

拉斐特公园是密斯范德洛，景观设计师阿尔弗雷德考德威尔和规划师路德维格希尔伯赛默尔的合作努力。赫伯格林沃尔德，开发商，以前曾与密斯合作公寓在860-880湖岸路。这座建筑无疑是米里西亚式的，有着明显的结构元素和平板玻璃的面板，但特色的紧缩是通过建筑物的配置和周围的景观来调整的。

Lafayette Park was the collaborative effort of Mies van der Rohe, landscape designer Alfred Caldwell, and planner Ludwig Hilberseimer. Herb Greenwald, the developer, worked with Mies previously on the apartments at 860-880 Lake Shore Drive. The architecture is decidedly Miesian, with pronounced structural elements and panels of plate glass, but the characteristic austerity is tempered by the configuration of buildings and surrounding landscape.

在许多方面，拉斐特公园体现了“公园里的塔楼”的现代主义理想。这座22层的高楼被规模较小的住宅形式所取代，四周环绕着一片13英亩的绿色空间，被称为柏拉图(Plisance)。虽然这个社区离市中心相对较近，但它作为一个独立的社区而存在。这一地区散发出一种安全感和平静感，在美国目前被认为是最危险的城市中，房产价值和入住率仍然相对较高。这可能是拉斐特公园合作设计的结果-景观、城市规划和建筑从项目开始就被同时考虑。

In many ways, Lafayette Park exemplifies the modernist ideal of ‘towers in the park.’ The 22-story towers are complimented by smaller-scale housing forms and surrounded by a 13-acre green space known as The Plaisance. Though the neighborhood is relatively close to downtown, it exists as a community apart. The area exudes a sense of security and calm in a city currently considered the most dangerous in the U.S. Property values and occupancy rates remain comparatively high. This may be the result of Lafayette Park’s collaborative design- the landscape, urban planning, and architecture were simultaneously considered from the project’s inception. 

拉斐特公园有多种住宅类型，包括三栋高层公寓楼、162栋联排别墅和24所法院。在开发项目的西北角，坐落着展馆，里面有一间、两间和三间卧室的出租公寓。在东南方，东和西拉斐特塔上升到一个低车库的两侧，部分低于等级。

Lafayette Park contains a variety of housing types, including three high-rise apartment buildings, 162 townhouse, and 24 courthouses. At the development’s northwest corner sits the Pavilion, which offers rental apartments of one, two, and three bedrooms. To the southeast, the East and West Lafayette Towers rise either side of a low garage set partially below grade. 

 © Jamie Schafer

(杰米·谢弗

个别建筑被密斯建筑美学的典型特征联系在一起。钢柱或毛料在外观上可见，并运行的全部高度的立面。在展馆、联排别墅和法院中，平板玻璃窗延伸到天花板，在东、西塔的地板上开始。

The individual buildings are tied together by features typical of Mies’s architectural aesthetic. Steel columns or mullions are visible on the exterior and run the full height of the facade. Plate glass windows extend floor-to-ceiling in the Pavilion, townhouses, and courthouses, and begin just above the floor in the East and West Towers. 

 © Jörn Schiemann

(J Rn Schiemann)

这些联排别墅是相同的，两层楼高的酒吧排列垂直，彼此平行.从上面看，配置读起来是僵化的和正规化的。然而，在一排排的联排房屋和法院内，直线几何学被绿色植物和遮挡的景色所软化。游乐区、公共草坪和停车场填补了酒吧之间的间隙，其相对较小的规模创造了一个亲密的居住环境。从联排的草坪上，人们几乎看不出这座建筑群的浩瀚，从一片树木的屏幕上就可以看到塔楼。

The townhouses are identical, two-story bars arranged perpendicular and parallel to each other. Viewed from above, the configuration reads as rigid and regularized. From within the cluster of townhouses and courthouses, however, the rectilinear geometry is softened by greenery and obstructed views. Play areas, communal lawns, and parking lots fill the interstitial spaces between the bars, whose relatively small scale creates an intimate residential setting. The vastness of the complex is nearly imperceptible from the townhouse lawns, with the towers just visible through a screen of trees. 

 © David Schalliol

(David Schalliol)

米斯把厨房和客厅放在每个联排别墅的第一层，卧室在上面。在某些情况下，一个单元的上层与下面的水平相抵消，允许各种卧室配置。膨胀的玻璃在前面和后面的正面允许充足的自然光在白天。拉斐特公园是在一个以汽车为主题的城市的公路建设时代建造的，它的设计当然考虑到了汽车。设计团队没有突出展示联排住宅之间的停车场，而是将停车场放置在比等级低几英尺的地方。结果，汽车让位于景观和建筑。

Mies placed the kitchen and living areas on the first level of each townhouse, with the bedrooms located above. In some instances, the upper level of a unit is offset from the level below, allowing for a variety of bedroom configurations. The expansive glazing at the front and rear facades allows ample natural light during the day. Constructed during an era of highway building in a city devoted to the automobile, Lafayette Park was certainly designed with the car in mind. Rather than prominently exhibiting the parking lots between townhouses, the design team placed the parking several feet below grade. As a result, the cars cede to the landscape and the architecture.

 © James Griffioen

詹姆斯·格里菲安

虽然拉斐特公园被广泛认为是市区重建的一个成功范例，但这项发展却暴露出这个方法的二重性。这项工作始于拆除“黑底”，这是一个被市政府视为贫民窟的工人阶级地区。由于拉斐特公园是为中等收入居民设计的，许多以前住在黑底的人搬到了附近的布鲁斯特-道格拉斯和杰弗里斯住房项目。虽然拉斐特公园继续提供理想的住房，但原打算为黑人底层居民提供住房的项目已不复存在。

Though Lafayette Park is widely regarded as a successful example of urban renewal, the development exposes the duality of the approach. The effort began with the demolition of Black Bottom, a working-class district considered a slum by the municipality. As Lafayette Park was designed to house middle-income residents, many former occupants of Black Bottom relocated to the nearby Brewster-Douglass and Jeffries Housing Projects. While Lafayette Park continues to offer desirable housing, the projects intended to house former Black Bottom residents no longer exist.

 © Jamie Schafer

(杰米·谢弗

欲了解更多关于拉斐特公园的信息，请看“视图”，密斯先生。或者访问密斯底特律网站。

For more information on Lafayette Park, see Thanks for the View, Mr. Mies. or visit MiesDetroit.org.

建筑师Mies van der Rohe Location Lafayette Park，底特律，密歇根州，美国类别住房建筑师，主管Mies van der Rohe景观设计阿尔弗雷德·考德威尔城市设计公司

Architects Mies van der Rohe Location Lafayette Park, Detroit, MI, United States Category Housing Architect in Charge Mies van der Rohe Landscape Design Alfred Caldwell Urban Design Ludwig Hilberseimer Developer Herb Greenwald Project Year 1959 Photographs Jamie Schafer, Jörn Schiemann, Michael Zuhorski, Strident Weasel, David Schalliol, James Griffioen, Karin Jobst, MiesDetroit.org