APP下载

Library of Muyinga BC Architects

2014-01-16 01:00
 Courtesy of BC architects
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
ARCHITECTURE

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Muyinga的第一个图书馆，是未来聋儿包容性学校的一部分，由当地提供的压缩土块组成，采用参与式方式建造。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The first library of Muyinga, part of a future inclusive school for deaf children, in locally sourced compressed earth blocks, built with a participatory approach.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
我们在非洲的工作是在OpenStrucres.net框架内开始的。BC被要求将“开放结构”模型扩展到体系结构级别。设想了一个涉及最终用户和二手经济的建设过程。产品生命周期、水资源循环、能源循环与这一建设过程相联系。这个OpenStructures建筑模型被称为案例研究(CS)1：加丹加，刚果。这是理论上的，完全以研究为基础的。5年后，布隆迪穆因加图书馆即将完工。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Our work in Africa started within the framework of OpenStructures.net. BC was asked to scale the "Open structures" model to an architectural level. A construction process involving end-users and second-hand economies was conceived. Product life cycles, water resource cycles en energy cycles were connected to this construction process. This OpenStructures architectural model was called Case Study (CS) 1: Katanga, Congo. It was theoretical, and fully research-based. 5 years later, the library of Muyinga in Burundi nears completion.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                







    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
白话灵感

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Vernacular inspirations

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
对布隆迪本土建筑做法的深入研究是该建筑设计的基础。在该地区和周边省份进行了两个月的实地考察，使我们对当地材料、技术和建筑类型有了深入的了解。这些调查结果在穆因加当地的技术和传统中得到应用、更新、重新解释和框架。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
A thorough study of vernacular architectural practices in Burundi was the basis of the design of the building. Two months of fieldwork in the region and surrounding provinces gave us insight in the local materials, techniques and building typologies. These findings were applied, updated, reinterpreted and framed within the local know-how and traditions of Muyinga.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
图书馆是沿着纵向覆盖的流通空间组织起来的。这个“走廊门廊”是布隆迪传统住房中经常遇到的一个空间，因为它提供了躲避暴雨和暴晒的住所。生活主要发生在这个走廊的门廊里；相遇、休息、交谈、等待-这是一个真正的社会空间，是社区关系的组成部分。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The library is organized along a longitudinal covered circulation space. This “hallway porch” is a space often encountered within the Burundian traditional housing as it provides a shelter from heavy rains and harsh sun. Life happens mostly in this hallway porch; encounters, resting, conversation, waiting - it is a truly social space, constitutive for community relations.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                







    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
这个走廊的门廊是故意过大，成为图书馆的范围。柱子之间的透明门创造了室内空间和门廊之间的相互作用。这些门完全打开，使图书馆向毗邻的广场开放，俯瞰布隆迪的“千米山脊”(1000座山)。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
This hallway porch is deliberately oversized to become the extent of the library. Transparent doors between the columns create the interaction between inside space and porch. Fully opened, these doors make the library open up towards the adjacent square with breathtaking views over Burundi’s “milles collines” (1000 hills).

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
在纵向端，走廊门廊流向街道，在那里盲人控制出入。这些百叶窗是街道外观的重要建筑元素，清楚地显示图书馆何时开放或关闭。在另一端，走廊将继续作为主要的流通，为未来的学校提供空间。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
On the longitudinal end, the hallway porch flows onto the street, where blinders control access. These blinders are an important architectural element of the street facade, showing clearly when the library is open or closed. On the other end, the hallway porch will continue as the main circulation and acces space fot the future school.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Floor Plan

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                







    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
布隆迪(通常也是非洲)建筑中的一个非常重要的因素是目前划定的财产界线。这是一个传统，可以追溯到部落使家庭定居点复合的做法。对于穆因加图书馆，在与社区和当地非政府组织共同设计的过程中，考虑了复合墙。该墙便于斜坡的梯田作为挡土墙，在干燥的石材技术，低广场和操场方面的学校侧，高的街道侧。因此，对山谷的看法是不妥协的，而从街道边的安全是有保障的。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
A very important element in Burundian (and, generally, African) architecture is the very present demarcation of property lines. It is a tradition that goes back to tribal practices of compounding family settlements. For the library of Muyinga, the compound wall was considered in a co-design process with the community and the local NGO. The wall facilitates the terracing of the slope as a retaining wall in dry stone technique, low on the squares and playground of the school side, high on the street side. Thus, the view towards the valley is uncompromised, while safety from the street side is guaranteed.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
图书馆的一般形式是一种结构逻辑的结果，一方面来源于材料的选择(压缩土块、砖石和烤粘土屋顶瓷砖)。本地生产的屋顶瓦比进口卷材重得多。这启发了近距离柱的结构体系，间隔1m30，这也充当了图书馆高墙的支撑。这押韵的重复柱子是一个可识别的特点，在建筑，在外面，以及在内部。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The general form of the library is the result of a structural logic, derived on one hand from the material choice (Compressed Earth Blocks masonry and baked clay roof tiles). The locally produced roof tiles were considerably more heavy than imported currogated iron sheets. This inspired the structural system of closely spaced columns at 1m30 intervals, which also act as buttresses for the high walls of the library. This rhytmic repetition of columns is a recognizable feature of the building, on the outside as well as on the inside.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                







    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
屋顶的坡度为35%，悬空以保护未出炉的首协会大楼，并对图书馆的建筑做出了贡献。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The roof has a slope of 35% with an overhang to protect the unbaked CEB blocks, and contributes to the architecture of the library.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
气候考虑激发了体积和外观：一个高的内部与持续交叉通风有助于引导湿热的空气离开。因此，外观是按照压缩地球块(首协会)的节奏打孔，使图书馆在晚上的光辉景象。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Climatic considerations inspired the volume and facade: a high interior with continuous cross-ventilation helps to guide the humid and hot air away. Hence, the façade is perforated according to the rhythm of the Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) masonry, giving the library its luminous sight in the evening.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                







    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
街道边的双人间高度为最小的图书馆读者创造了一个特殊的空间。这个孩子的空间由一楼一个木制的坐角处组成，这可能会促进舒适的课堂阅读。它的顶部是一张巨大的剑麻绳吊床，作为一个阁楼，孩子们可以在里面梦见他们正在读的书。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The double room height at the street side gave the possibility to create a special space for the smallest of the library readers. This children’s space consist of a wooden sitting corner on the ground floor, which might facilitate cosy class readings. It is topped by an enormous hammock of sisal rope as a mezzanine, in which the children can dream away with the books that they are reading.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
未来的学校将继续明智地在场地景观中摇摆，创建游乐场和庭院，容纳现有的斜坡和树木。同时，图书馆将作为一个完成设计的自治建筑工作。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The future school will continue to swing intelligently through the landscape of the site, creating playgrounds and courtyards to accomodate existing slopes and trees. In the meanwhile, the library will work as an autonomous building with a finished design.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
社区项目

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
A COMMUNITY PROJECT

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
重新融入社会：将聋人和盲人社区与更广泛的社会重新联系起来。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Social reintegration: reconnecting the deaf and blind community to broader society.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
在非常非正式和口头的布隆迪文化中，失聪儿童被排除在故事、信息、交流和教育之外。耳聋儿童往往被孤立，甚至被逐出某一群体。Muyinga图书馆与一所包容性聋儿寄宿学校相连，通过公共基础设施创造了属于一个群体、属于更广泛的Muyinga社区的可能性，这是在Muyinga这类学校中的第一个。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
In a very informal and oral Burundian culture, deaf children are excluded from stories, information, exchange, education. Often, deaf children are isolated, or even expelled from a certain group of people. The library of Muyinga, linked to an inclusive boarding school for deaf children, creates the possibility to belong to a group, to belong to the wider community of Muyinga through public infrastructure as the first of its kind in Muyinga.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
在稍后阶段，学校将通过未来的学校木材车间和未来的多价大厅，进一步将聋生融入更广泛的社会，两者都为穆因加的更广泛的社区服务。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
In a later stage, the school will further integrate its deaf students into broader society by a future school-based wood workshop, and a future polyvalent hall, both serving the wider community of Muyinga.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
文化间对话和参与进程

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Intercultural Dialogue and participatory processes

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
几十年来，参与式设计在现代建筑中发挥了越来越突出的作用。其中一些举措非常创新，但往往无法将善意的理论转化为现实生活中的实践。BC建筑师

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Since several years or even decades, participatory design has taken a more prominent role in modern architecture. Some of these initiatives are very innovative but often fail to translate well-intended theory to real-life practice. BC architects & studies has focused from the beginning on the implementation of participatory processes in constructional practice.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
我们不仅通过与当地劳动力合作，而且通过让学生、实习生和年轻建筑师参与到相互教育的环境中来做到这一点。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
We do this not only by cooperating with local workforces, but also by involving students, interns and young architects, in a mutual educational setting.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
此外，图书馆的组织也是以这个发音为基础的。图书馆董事会包括邻近中小学的所有校长，为未来聋生与听障学生之间的联系与合作提供便利。图书馆还将为整个穆因加社区举办电影院之夜。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Also the organisation of the library is based on this pronciple. The board of the library includes all directors of neighboring primary and secondary schools, facilitating contact and cooperation between the future deaf students and the hearing students. The library will also host cinema-nights for the whole community of Muyinga.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
施工过程中的教育过程

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Educational processes during construction

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
不同的教育机构对这一项目作出了贡献。布鲁塞尔卢卡建筑大学暑期学校：每年有3-6名学生加入我们的行列，在布隆迪至少工作6周，并得到VLIR-UOS奖学金的支持。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Different educational institutions contribute to this project. Summer school with LUCA architecture university Brussels: Every year 3-6 students join us to work on the field in Burundi for at least 6 weeks, supported by a scholarship of VLIR-UOS.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Zvenkerken高中的体验之旅：每年大约有20-30名高中生在布隆迪停留两周，并扩大他们的视野。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Experience trip for Zevenkerken High School: Every year, around 20-30 high school students come and enlarge their perspective during a 2 week stay in Burundi.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
建筑实习：每年有1-2人参加我们的建筑实习，为期至少一个月。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Architecture internships: every year 1-2 people join us for their architectural internship during at least 1 month.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
无论是哪一组，每个人都会参加小型的现场原型制作工作坊，内容涉及行政首长协调会的生产、土坯生产、土壤分析、竹编、剑麻编织、地基解决方案、家具设计等，在与当地工匠相互接触和尊重的氛围下，分享有关各方的知识。这些讲习班使人们了解全球化世界中某些行动的直接社会、文化、生态和经济影响：小规模行动确实很重要。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Whatever the group, everyone joins in small on-site prototyping workshops on diverse topics such as CEB production, adobe production, earth analysis, bamboo weaving, sisal weaving, foundation solutions, furniture design, and so on, in an atmosphere of mutual contact and respect with local craftsmen, whereby knowledge of all involved is shared. These workshops bring an understanding of the direct social, cultural, ecological and economical effects of certain actions in a globalizing world: small scale actions do matter.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
短链经济、知识转移、能力建设

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Short-chain economy, knowledge transfer, capacity building

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
所有的材料研究，设计决策和建筑工地组织的目的是保持一个短的供应链的专门知识，劳动力和材料。我们试图通过这种短供应链来加强当地经济。在组织土方工程时，我们选择手工劳动而不是机器劳动；我们只雇用当地工人、当地工头和当地建筑师，以避免来自布琼布拉或卢旺达的承包商的干扰；我们的重点是使用土石和修整材料，用粘土做屋顶和地砖，用剑麻做吊床，用桉树做屋顶结构，如果我们必须使用水泥，我们尽量做到尽可能少，在当地商店买。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
All material research, design decisions and construction site organisation aims at keeping a short supply chain of expertise, labour, and materials. We try to reinforce the local economy by means of this short supply chain. We chose hand labour over machine labour when organizing earthworks; we hire only local labourers, a local foreman and local architect, to avoid the interference of a contractor from Bujumbura or Rwanda; we focus on the use of local materials such as earth for the masonry and finishing, clay for the roof and floor tiles, sisal for the hammock, Eucalyptus for the roof structure, and if we have to use cement, we try to do it as minimal as possible, wile buying it in the local shop.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
在整个建设过程中，我们努力为知识转移创造良好的条件。建筑商已经掌握了首协会的生产和建设，通过我们的投入土石。我们已经掌握了剑麻吊床的编织，地板和屋顶瓷砖的细节，通过当地建设者的投入，等等。知识转移向各个方向发展。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Throughout the process of the construction, we try to create good conditions for knowledge transfer. The builders have mastered CEB production and construction, earth plaster through our input. We have mastered the sisal hammock weaving and the floor and roof tiles detailing through the input of the local builders, and so on. The knowledge transfer goes in all directions.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
最后，图书馆的建设过程将有能力建设。工头正在考虑建立一个行政首长协调会生产设施，向穆因加居民出售首协会的街区；12名劳工在这一过程中向梅森-帮手，甚至是石匠-进行了庆祝，这一过程是根据石匠协会的传统来庆祝的；我们已经学会(并继续学习)如何在全球化的世界中充当建筑师；建筑系的学生和实习生都学习了短链材料的设计，并将其应用于西方建筑环境中。能力建设进程是无止境和持续的。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
In the end, the construction process of the library will have built capacity. The foreman is considering mounting a CEB production facility to sell CEB blocks to Muyinga residents; 12 labourers have made it to mason-helpers or even masons during the process, which was celebrated according to the masons’ guild traditions; we have learned (and continue learning) how to act as architects in a globalizing world; the architecture students and interns have learned design with short-chain materials, to be applied in a Western construction context also. The capacity building process is endless and ongoing.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
国际合作

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
International collaborations

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
为这一项目，BC的建筑师与Muyinga Odedian教区的非政府组织合作，组织为Entraide和le DéDevelopment pement Intégral de Muyinga)。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
For this project, the architects of BC-AS worked in association with the NGO of the diocese of Muyinga Odedim (Organisation Diocésaine pour l’Entraide et le Développement Intégral de Muyinga).

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
它们共同促进在布隆迪建设过程中采取综合办法，特别侧重于发展教育结构(学校)。比利时小型非营利组织SATIMO提供财政支持。此外，该项目与帮助非洲感官障碍人民的非政府组织SHC密切相关。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Together they promote a holistic approach in the construction process in Burundi, with a specific focus on the development of educational structures (schools). Satimo, a small Belgian non-profit, gives financial support. Besides that, the project is closely connected to SHC, an NGO for helping sensorial handicaped people in Africa.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
此外，扶轮社Aalst，Zonta Brugge，西佛兰德省，Abdijschool，Zvenkerke和生修也因他们的财政支持而受到重视。最后，结合KU Leuven的建筑系、校园的Sint-Lucas布鲁塞尔/Ghent和HogesSchool Ghent是本项目的学术合作伙伴。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Also Rotary Aalst, Zonta Brugge, Province of West-Flanders, Abdijschool Zevenkerke and VOCATIO are given a worthy mention for their financial support. Finally VLIR-UOS in combination with the faculty of architecture of KU Leuven, campus Sint-Lucas Brussels/Ghent, and the Hogeschool Ghent are the academic partner of this project.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
地方材料研究

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
LOCAL MATERIALS RESEARCH

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
该项目资源有限的挑战成为了一个机会。我们设法尊重建筑材料和劳动力的短供应链，支持当地经济，并以穷人的材料-地球-建造图书馆为荣。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
The challenge of limited resources for this project became an opportunity. We managed to respect a short supply-chain of building materials and labor force, supporting local economy, and installing pride in the construction of a library with the poor people’s material: earth.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
地球分析：“现场试验和实验室试验”-作为建筑材料的原土比其他传统建筑材料更加脆弱。因此，必须进行一些分析。一些简单的测试可以在现场进行，以便对其质量有一个初步的了解。其他一些测试必须在实验室进行，才能更好地理解这种材料并提高其性能。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Earth analysis: “field tests and laboratory tests” - Raw earth as building material is more fragile than other conventional building materials. Some analyse is thus important to do. Some easy tests can be made on field to have a first idea of its quality. Some other tests have to be made in the laboratory to have a beter understanding of the material and improve its performance.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
行政首长协调会：“来自大自然母亲”-经过与背景有关的大量材料研究后，决定使用压缩土砖作为建筑的主要材料。幸运的是，在15年的尘埃落定之下，我们找到了两台行政首长协调会的机器。Terstaram机器生产29x14x9cm的土块，与我们在北方所知的砖块非常相似，除了它们没有烘烤的事实之外。有四个人在不停地生产石头，每天生产1100块石头。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
CEB: “from mother nature” - After an extensive material research in relation with the context, it was decided to use compressed earth bricks (CEB) as the main material for the construction of the building. We were lucky enough to find 2 CEB machines intactly under 15 years of dust. The Terstaram machines produce earth blocks of 29x14x9cm that are very similar to the bricks we know in the North, apart from the fact that they are not baked. Four people are constantly producing stones, up to 1100 stones/day.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
桉树“木材；最强，最红”-承载梁支撑屋顶是由桉树木材，这是可持续的收获在穆兰巴。桉树木材产生土壤酸，从而阻碍其他植被的生长。因此，需要有明确的森林管理远景，以控制布隆迪山区对森林管理的使用。当正确管理，桉树是最好的解决方案，跨越空间和用作建筑木材，因为它的高强度和快速增长。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Eucalyptus “wood; the strongest, the reddest” - The load bearing beams that are supporting the roof are made of eucalyptus wood, which is sustainably harvested in Muramba. Eucalyptus wood renders soil acid and therefor blocks other vegetation to grow. Thus, a clear forest management vision is needed to control the use of it in the Burundian hills. When rightly managed, Eucalyptus is the best solution to span spaces and use as construction wood, due to its high strengths and fast growing.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
瓷砖：“本地优质产品”-屋顶和地砖是在穆因加周围的一个当地工作室制作的。瓷砖是用烤过的Nyamaso山谷黏土制成的。烘焙后，他们的颜色呈现美丽模糊的粉红色，在相同的颜色范围内的砖块。图书馆设计中的每个屋顶表面都由大约1400块瓷砖组成。这个屋顶取代了进口铁皮，并重新估价当地材料作为公共屋顶基础设施的关键设计要素。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Tiles: “local quality product” - The roof and floor tiles are made in a local atelier in the surroundings of Muyinga. The tiles are made of baked Nyamaso valley clay. After baking, their color renders beautifully vague pink, in the same range of colors as the bricks. Each roof surface in the library design consists of around 1400 tiles. This roof replaces imported currogated iron sheets, and revalues local materials as a key design element for public roof infrastructure.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
内部土石膏：“简单但敏感”-粘土从尼亚马索山谷，3公里的建筑工地，使用它的纯和非膨胀的性质。经过一些最低限度的砖块测试后，选择了一个混合材料并应用于图书馆内部。这种土质石膏对室内正常使用的公共功能是有抵抗力的，而且效果很好。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Internal Earth plaster: “simple but sensitive” - Clay from the valley of Nyamaso, 3 km from the construction site, was used for its pure and non-expansive qualities. After some minimal testing with bricks, a mix was chosen and applied on the interior of the library. The earth plaster is resistent to indoor normal use for a public function, and has turned out nicely.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
竹子：“编织灯装置”-当地竹子不是建筑质量，但可以很好地用于特殊的室内设计功能，或光过滤器。在与布隆迪人和比利时人联合举办的一个讲习班上，探讨了一些编织技术，并最终用于图书馆内的灯具。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Bamboo: “Weaving lamp fixtures” - Local bamboo is not of construction quality, but can nicely be used for special interior design functions, or light filters. In a joint workshop with Burundians and Belgians, some weaving techniques were explored, and in the end, used for the lamp fixtures inside the library.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 Courtesy of BC architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
BC建筑师的礼遇

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
剑麻绳：“从植物到吊床”-用西萨尔植物纤维制作的网，是在这个项目中蓬勃发展的小型微型经济体之一。为了找到穆因加周围唯一掌握了丝绳编织技术的老人，我们付出了很大的努力。他在现场收获了当地的剑麻植物，并开始编织。在试点项目中，他教育了其他4名工人，这些工人现在也掌握了这项技术，并以此作为谋生手段。由此产生的吊床是孩子们在图书馆空间上方的阁楼上玩耍、放松和阅读的空间。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Sisal rope: “from plant to hammock” - Net-making from Sisal plant fibres is one of the small micro-economies that bloomed in this project. It took a lot of effort to find the only elder around Muyinga that masters the Sisal rope weaving technique. He harvested the local sisal plant on site, and started weaving. In the pilote project, he educated 4 other workers, who now also master this technique, and use it as a skill to gain their livelihood. The resulting hammock serves as a children’s space to play, relax and read, on a mezzanine level above the library space.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
具体的“当这是唯一的出路”-对于这个试点项目，我们不想为结构性问题承担任何风险。行政首长协调会柱内有一个轻质混凝土骨架结构，材料(首协会和混凝土)都是机械分开的。行政首长协调会空心柱被用作混凝土工程的“遗失”模板。鉴于我们在第一阶段的经验，我们的目标是在未来的建筑物中消除混凝土的结构用途。

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Concrete “when it’s the only way out” - For this pilot project, we didn’t want to take any risks for structural issues. A lightweight concrete skeleton structure is inside the CEB columns, in a way that both materials (CEB and concrete) are mechanichally seperated. The CEB hollow columns were used as a “lost” formwork for the concrete works. It is our aim, given our experience with Phase 1, to eliminiate the structural use of concrete for future buildings.

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
 

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                

                                                








    




                                                                                                                    

                                                                
                                                            

                                                                                                                                                                

                                            
                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Architects BC Architects

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Location Muyinga, Burundi

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Category Community

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Area 140.0 m2

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        

                            

                                
Project Year 2012

                            


                            

                                
                                                                    

                                                                                                                    

                            

                        
                    

                        

                    


                    
                    

                    

                        


                                                                                    
                                                            

                            

                                
                                    
                                
                                举报
                            


                        

                        

                            
                            
                            

                                                                                                        
                                0
                                
                                

                                    

                                                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                收藏
                                            
                                        
                                                                                                                    

                                

                                

                                    

                                        
                                            
                                            下载作品
                                        
                                    

                                    

                                        
                                        和朋友分享即可下载
                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    



                    
                                        

                    

                        

                            

                                


                                    
                                        
                                                                                

                                

                                    
                                        
朱欢尘

                                    
                                                                            
什么也没写

                                    

                                        1844 作品／
                                        
                                            0
                                         人气
                                    


                                                                        
  • 
                                        
                                    
    • 
                                    
                                                                    
    
                            
    
                            
    

                                
                            
    
                        
    

                        
    

                            
                                                                                    
    
                                
    
                                    别默默的看了，快登录帮我评论一下吧!:)
                                    
    
                                        注册
                                        登录
                                    
    
                                
    
                            
    
                                                        
    

                            
    
                            
    
                                更多评论
                            
    
                        
    
                    
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    推荐作品
    
                    
    
                    
      
                                            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    相关文章
    
                    
                
    
            
    
            
    
                
    
                        
                        
    下载
    
                
    
                
    
                                                
                            
    
                                
                                
    收藏
    
                            
    
                            
                                                                    
    
                
    

            


            
    
        
    
    
    


 
    
        
    
            
            
    
                
    
                    
                
    
                
    
                    
    加入到画夹管理
    
                    
      
                        
                    
    
                    
    
                        
                        添加画夹
                    
    
                    
    
                        
                        
    
                            
                            
                        
    
                    
    
                    
                    
                
    
            
    
            
            
    
                
    
                    
                    提示
                    
    
                        
                        
                    
    
                
    
            
    
       
    

    




    
        
    
            
    右键保存、高清大图仅支持VIP会员
    
            
    
        
    
    
    





    
    
    投稿
    
    
    
    rs@rushi.net
    
    
    
        
    
    
    
    
        
    微信交流群
    

        
    
    
    
    返回页面顶部
    

    


    
    Copyright ©2018 如室网  All Rights Reserved.      沪ICP备2021012528号-2     本网站内容未经允许不得转载，本站内容均来自网友分享，如有侵权请联系我们删除！rs@rushi.net

    

    
    
    
        
    
            
            
    
        
    
        
    
            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    名师作品集【专享】
    
                    
    全网名师最多、更新最快、作品最全
    
                
    
            
    
            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    作品库【无限查阅、一键下载】
    
                    
    全球最大室内作品库，超33万部
    
                
    
            
    
            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    精品资料【下载】
    
                    
    全年精品资料更新超1000部
    
                
    
            
    
            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    灵感搜索【原图下载】
    
                    
    中文搜索全球顶尖案例灵感图
    
                
    
            
    







            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    设计师生活馆【内购价】
    
                    
    5大电商平台官方合作，专享内购价
    
                
    
            
    

            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    CAD库【模型下载】
    
                    
    cad单体模型库精准搜索查找下载
    
                
    
            
    
            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    免广告打扰【屏蔽】
    
                    
    屏蔽全站广告，享受纯净体验
    
                
    
            
    

            
    
                
    
                
    
                    
    3D模型【送199币值199元】
    
                    
    分享全网最新精品3D模型
    
                
    
            
    
            
        
    
        
    
        
    199元/年，立即开通
    
        
    名师与资料完善后，价格涨至699元/年