架构师提供的文本描述。沙特王国最重要的文化建筑之一法哈德国王国家图书馆于2013年11月竣工并投入使用。在这个项目中，Eckhard Gerber教授和他的Gerber Architekten团队完成了首都利雅得最重要的城市发展和文化项目之一。设计作为一种城市发展和重新安排背后的核心动力，结合了在现有建筑内部进行设计的挑战，并尊重阿拉伯文化。

Text description provided by the architects. Abstract The King Fahad National Library, one of the most important cultural buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was completed and went into use for its intended purpose in November 2013. This project sees Professor Eckhard Gerber and his Gerber Architekten team accomplishing one of the most important urban development and cultural projects in the capital, Riyadh. The design functions as the central driving force behind a piece of urban development and rearrangement, and combines the challenge of designing within the existing building stock with respect for Arabian culture.

 © Christian Richters

克里斯蒂安·里氏

新建筑的象征长方体形状包围了所有的现有建筑，从而将国家图书馆作为利雅得城市景观中的新建筑形象，而不放弃现在作为内部堆叠运作的旧建筑，使它成为新图书馆作为一个整体的知识中心。广场的新建筑被一个丝状的纺织制品厂̧ADE所覆盖，它遵循传统的中东建筑模式，并将它们与最先进的技术联系在一起。这项设计可以追溯到2003年国际竞争的早期。当国家图书馆建成后，Gerber Architekten将致力于规划奥拉亚地铁站，这是这个国家的另一个主要项目。

The symbolic cuboid shape of the new building surrounds the existing building on all sides, thus presenting the National Library as a new architectural image in the Riyadh cityscape without abandoning the old building, which now operates as an internal stack, making it the centre of knowledge within the new library as a whole. The square new building is covered by a filigree textile façade following traditional Middle Eastern architectural patterns and linking them with state of the art technology. The design goes back to the early days of an international competition dating from 2003. When the National Library is completed, Gerber Architekten will be working on planning the Olaya Metro Station, another of this country’s major projects.

城市发展观

Urban development concept

法哈德国王国家图书馆是迅速变化的奥拉亚地区的新中心，从现有的异质建筑模式中明显脱颖而出。位于城市公园中心的广场新建筑看上去既开阔又轻盈，尽管规模很大，但仍被绑在城市空间中。Gerber Architekten设计了现有的公园，其中包括部分可用的绿地，作为一个宽敞的广场，这个公园和图书馆现在形成了一个城市单元。因此，国家图书馆成为一个著名的城市小区的肖像中心，在未来几年将变得越来越重要。

The King Fahad National Library represents the new centre of the rapidly changing Olaya District, and stands out clearly from the heterogeneous existing building pattern. The square new building in the centre of the urban park looks open and light, and is tied into the urban space despite its size. Gerber Architekten designed the existing park including parts of the available green space as a spacious square, and this and the library now form an urban unit. Thus the National Library becomes the iconographic centre of a prestigious urban quarter that will become increasingly important in future years.

 © Christian Richters

克里斯蒂安·里氏

该网站连接国王法赫德路和奥拉亚街，这是沙特阿拉伯王国首都的两个主要交通轴心。上面描述的新的城市广场建在奥拉亚街，让行人直接进入图书馆，并保证在交通拥挤的情况下有一个有吸引力的空间来消磨时间。这个新广场呼应了公共广场周围的基本结构，其中荒凉和被忽视的建筑地块被重新设计成绿色绿洲。这些活动是为区内各种新的康乐及康乐活动而设。新图书馆是这一空间序列的重要组成部分，为将该地区转变为一个生机勃勃、复杂的新城区作出了贡献。

The site links King Fahd Road and Olaya Street, the two main traffic axes of the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The new urban square described above was created on Olaya Street, offering pedestrians direct access to the library and guaranteeing an attractive space in which to spend time despite the heavy traffic. This new square echoes the surrounding basic structure of public squares, in which desolate and neglected building plots are redesigned as green oases. These are intended for various new leisure and recreational activities in the district. The new library stands as an important element of this spatial sequence, and makes a contribution to transforming the area into a lively and complex new urban quarter.

Architectural concept

Gerber Architekten开发了一座长方体建筑，环绕着现有的图书馆，从而将国家图书馆呈现为利雅得城市空间中的一个新建筑形象。新建筑以保护的方式将旧建筑包围起来，并以一种不寻常的方式与其结合，遵循纪念碑保护的原则。这座现存的十字形建筑，顶上是一个穹顶，隐藏在新建筑内。旧建筑被整合成建筑物内的一座建筑，而它原有的穹顶-最初是混凝土-现在已经用钢和玻璃重建，并继续成为图书馆的文化象征。现有建筑的整个屋顶，占地面积很大，现在提供了充满阳光的阅读景观，并提供了一种特殊的氛围，鼓励以这种方式交流知识。里面-仿佛藏在一个宝箱里，一个知识仓库里-是书库。游客通过阅读区的桥梁进入新楼三楼的开放通道。所有的东西都被一个新的屋顶所覆盖，在天窗下，白色的薄膜轻轻地将光线分布在整个室内。

Gerber Architekten developed a cuboid building surrounding the existing library on all sides, thus presenting the National Library as a new architectural image within Riyadh’s urban space. The new building encloses the old one protectively, and combines itself with it in an unusual way, following monument preservation principles. The cruciform existing building, topped by a dome, is concealed inside the new building. The old structure is integrated as a building within a building, while its existing dome – originally in concrete – has now been reconstructed in steel and glass, and continues to be a cultural symbol of the library. The entire former roof of the existing building, which occupies an extensive area, now provides a reading landscape flooded with light and offers a special atmosphere that will encourage the exchange of knowledge in this way. Inside – as if hidden in a treasure chest, a knowledge storehouse – are the book stacks. Visitors access the open-access sections on the third floor of the new building via bridges from the reading area. Everything is covered by a new roof, punctuated by skylights under which white membranes gently distribute the light throughout the entire interior.

 © Christian Richters

克里斯蒂安·里氏

主要入口大厅在一楼，其中还包括展区、餐厅和书店，新南翼一楼提供一个仅供妇女使用的图书馆区，供她们在不带罩袍的情况下消磨时间；这一空间与其他建筑用途分开，也可单独进入。

The main entrance hall is on the ground floor, which also houses exhibition areas, a restaurant and a bookshop. A library area for women only, in which they can spend time without a burka, is provided on the first floor of the new south wing; this space is separated from the other building uses, and is also accessed separately.

FAÇADE概念

Façade concept

FAÇADE的关键部件是专门为新建筑开发的。这是一个包层由菱形的纺织品罩，标志着它的游戏与揭示和隐藏。插入的白色薄膜，支持一个三维的，拉伸应力钢电缆结构，作为遮阳篷和解释阿拉伯帐篷结构传统的现代，技术的方式。这一系列的旧和新创造了一个统一的，有声望的整体建筑外观，具有特色的造型。到了晚上，̧咖啡厅(Fac Ade)就会随着颜色的变化而发光，成为这座城市的文化灯塔。

The key element of the façade was developed especially for the new building. It is a cladding made up of rhomboid textile awnings, marked by its play with revealing and concealing. Inserted white membranes, supported by a three-dimensional, tensile-stressed steel cable structure, act as sunshades and interpret the Arabian tent structure tradition in a modern, technological way. This sequence of old and new creates a uniform and prestigious overall architectural appearance with characteristic styling. At night the façade glows with changing colours and becomes the city’s cultural lighthouse.

 © Christian Richters

克里斯蒂安·里氏

这种丝状钢电缆结构的太阳穿透率仅为7%，同时也使人们能够既看进去又看外面。在外部温度高达摄氏50度的情况下，采用复杂的三维光折射的方法优化了与本地太阳路径相关的膜̧ade，它将所需的遮挡太阳的措施与最大的光透过率和透明度结合起来。

This filigree steel cable structure has a solar penetration level of only 7 per cent, and at the same time makes it possible to look both in and out. Given exterior temperatures of up to 50o Celsius, the membrane façade, which was optimised in relation to the local sun path by means of complex, three-dimensional light refraction, combines the required protection from the sun with maximum light penetration and transparency.

 © Christian Richters

克里斯蒂安·里氏

采用分层通风与地板冷却相结合的方法，将̧ADE与建筑通风与冷却相结合。通过这种方式，在阿拉伯世界首次使用某些方法和技术，提高了热舒适性，大大降低了能源消耗。“可持续发展的主题-使用最新的能源概念和合理的建筑结构-贯穿了我们所有的活动，被认为是理所当然的关键理念。”(Eckhard Gerber教授)

This façade was combined with ventilation and cooling for the building by means of layered ventilation and floor cooling. In this way, thermal comfort is increased and energy consumption significantly reduced by using certain methods and technologies for the first time in the Arab world. “The theme of sustainability using up-to-date energy concepts and rational building structures runs through all our activities as a crucial idea that is taken for granted.” (Prof. Eckhard Gerber)

 Floor Plan