开放式结构

An open structure

新的迈阿密Pérez艺术博物馆(PAMM)位于博物馆公园，这是比斯坎湾重新开发的市中心滨水区的一部分。它的直接邻居是帕特里夏和菲利普弗罗斯特科学馆和一条连接迈阿密大陆和迈阿密海滩的主要高速公路。同时面向公园，水和城市，新的PAMM是一个开放和诱人的结构，从各个方面。

The new Pérez Art Museum Miami (PAMM) is located in Museum Park, part of the redeveloping downtown waterfront on Biscayne Bay. Its direct neighbours are the Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum of Science and a major freeway, connecting mainland Miami with Miami Beach. Simultaneously oriented towards the park, the water and the city, the new PAMM is an open and inviting structure from all sides alike.

 © Iwan Baan

(Iwan Baan)

迈阿密是著名的标志性艺术装饰区，装饰盒没有很大的关系和内部和外部的交流。然而，让迈阿密如此与众不同的是它令人惊叹的气候、茂盛的植被和文化多样性。如何充分利用这些资产并将其转化为体系结构？

Miami is known for its iconic art deco district, decorated boxes with no great relationship and exchange between inside and outside. What makes Miami so extraordinary however, is its amazing climate, lush vegetation and cultural diversity. How can these assets be fully exploited and translated into architecture?

就像我们以前工作的例子一样，比如纳帕谷的主人酒厂，建筑的环境成为其建筑理念的核心。由于它靠近水，博物馆被提升到地面，以便将其置于风暴潮水平之上。我们利用建筑物下面的空间进行露天停车，暴露在光线和新鲜空气中，也能处理雨水径流。从停车场的高度上看，支撑博物馆平台的高跷变成了支撑遮阳天篷的柱子，覆盖了整个场地，形成了一个像阳台一样的公共空间，欢迎游客到博物馆和公园参观。面对海湾，一条宽阔的楼梯将平台与海滨长廊连接起来。

As in previous examples of our work, such as the Dominus Winery in Napa Valley, the building’s environmental circumstances become central to its architectural concept. Due to its proximity to the water, the museum is lifted off the ground for the art to be placed above storm surge level. We use the space underneath the building for open-air parking, exposed to light and fresh air thatcanalso handle storm-water runoff. Rising from the parking level, the stilts supporting the museum platform become columns supporting a shading canopy, which covers the entire site creating a veranda-like public space that welcomes visitors to the museum and the park. Facing the bay, a wide stair connects the platform to the waterfront promenade.

 © Iwan Baan

(Iwan Baan)

在这个特殊的地方，我们希望博物馆能向外界提供丰富的景观。然而，所有建筑物的膨胀窗户都是凹槽的，混凝土梁下有木板，以尽量减少太阳对玻璃的影响，并降低建筑物冷却所需的能源消耗。热带植物的选择是因为它们对当地条件的适应能力吞噬了整个结构系统。屋顶和植物的结合将创造一个整体小气候，减少极端的温度差距，内外在炎热的天气。博物馆的巨大混凝土墙的外部表面在一些地方被凿，在其他地方被抛光。当与玻璃相邻时，混凝土是光滑的和反光的。当面对外面时，混凝土变得粗糙，暴露了它的天然成分。

In this exceptional location, we wanted the museum to offer generous views to the outside. Yet all the building’s expansive windows are recessed, with wooden planks under the concrete beams to minimize the sun’s impact on the glazing and to reduce the building’s energy consumption for cooling. Tropical plants selected for their resilience to the local conditions engulf the structural system. Roof and plants combined will create an overall microclimate reducing the extreme temperature gaps between outside and inside in the hot weather. The exterior surface of the museum’s massive concrete walls is chiseled in places and polished in others. When adjacent to the glazing, the concrete is smooth and reflective. When facing the outside, the concrete becomes rough, exposing its natural ingredients.

 © Oriol Tarridas

.Oriol Tarridas

与其成为艺术爱好者和专家的孤立的“珠宝盒”(Schatzkammer)，博物馆还为每个人提供了舒适的公共空间。它是公园的延伸，提供由外到内，从温暖到凉爽，从潮湿到干燥，从街道到艺术的渐进式过渡。

Rather than being an isolated “jewel box” (Schatzkammer) for art lovers and specialists, the museum provides comfortable public space for everybody. It is an extension of the park, offering gradual transitions from the outside to the inside, from the warm to the cool, from the humid to the dry and from the street to the art.

Specificity

建筑的表现形式来自于天篷、平台、柱子、植被：换句话说，占据整个场地的是维兰达(Veranda)。博物馆的内部体积在里面筑巢，悬挂在结构框架中，每一层都呈现出它所需要的形状。由于画廊不一定要符合任何特定的形式，我们可以自由地与博物馆工作人员密切合作，开发馆藏布局，使之看起来是展示和发展日益增长的藏品的最佳配置，并为临时展览提供充足的空间。

The expression of the building comes from the canopy, the platform, the columns, the vegetation: in other words, the Veranda occupying the entire site. The museum’s interior volume nests within it, suspended amid the structural framework, each floor assuming the shape it needs. Because the galleries did not have to fit into any given form, we had the freedom to develop the curatorial layout, in close collaboration with the museum staff, to what felt like an optimal configuration to exhibit and develop the growing collection as well as to provide ample space for temporary exhibitions.

 © Oriol Tarridas

.Oriol Tarridas

PAMM是围绕四种不同的画廊类型：概述，焦点，项目和专题展览画廊。他们占据了一楼和整个二楼的一部分。概览画廊展示了博物馆的藏品，作为其他画廊类型之间的连接组织。它们以非线性的顺序流畅地连接起来，使空间之间的关系得以形成.他们的特点是大开口，可以看到公园，迈阿密市中心，海湾和高速公路。沿着这个流动的房间序列，单独封闭的空间，不时有窗户，显示一个单独的艺术家，一个主题，一个特定的收藏或委托的工作。这些空间被称为焦点和项目画廊。第四种类型，特别展览画廊作为宽敞的展厅，旨在容纳当代艺术展览。概述，焦点和项目画廊形成了一个坚实和有节奏的序列，通过建筑，在比例和与外界的关系变化。另一方面，特别展览画廊是灵活的，与外界的开口较少，可以细分为临时墙。

PAMM is organised around four different gallery types: Overview, Focus, Project and Special Exhibition galleries. They occupy part of the first and the entire second floor. The Overview galleries, displaying the museum’s collection, serve as the connecting tissue between the other gallery types. Fluidly connected in a non-linear sequence, they allow relationships to be formed between spaces. They are characterized by large openings with views onto the park, downtown Miami, the bay and the freeway. Along this flowing sequence of rooms, single enclosed spaces punctuated by windows show an individual artist, a theme, a specific collection or a commissioned work. These spaces are called Focus and Project galleries. The fourth type, the Special Exhibitions galleries function as spacious exhibition halls designed to accommodate contemporary art exhibitions. The Overview, Focus and Project galleries form a firm and rhythmic sequence through the building, varying in proportion and relationship to the outside. On the other hand, the Special Exhibitions galleries are flexible, with fewer openings to the outside and can be subdivided by temporary walls.

 © Daniel Azoulay

(Daniel Azoulay)

在PAMM的空间和它们的重要性是非常具体的。他们可以被认为是一个对立的灵活，抽象的白色立方体，一直是教条，在最近建成的艺术空间。混凝土和木材在不同的组合中使用，反映了建筑的外部材料。典型的干墙是详细的方式，他们是可辨认的，因为增加了主要的结构。为了加强内部过渡，我们设计了一个定制的混凝土多功能系统，它拥有佛罗里达州有史以来使用过的最大的防飓风玻璃。

The spaces at PAMM and their materiality are very specific. They can be considered an antithesis to the flexible, abstract white cubes that have been a dogma in most recently built art spaces. Concrete and wood are used in different combinations, reflecting the outside materials of the building. Typical drywalls are detailed in a way that they are legible as added to the main structure. In order to enhance the inside-out transition, we designed a customized concrete mullion system that holds the largest ever-used hurricane-proof glass in Florida.

社区和意见

Community and views

在这座建筑的中心，有一个像画廊一样大的楼梯连接着两个展览层。这个楼梯也用作礼堂，使用不同配置的隔音窗帘，为讲座、电影放映、音乐会和表演提供空间。我们的想法是避免将此类事件孤立在一个大部分时间都未使用的空间中。在PAMM中，正在准备的事件是可见的。当空间不被积极用于活动时，参观者和工作人员就会将其用于个人阅读、团体介绍等。博物馆商店和小酒馆位于平台层，面向海湾。教育和研究设施与博物馆办公室一起位于三楼。我们把这些公共空间放置在建筑物的外围，最大限度地暴露在维兰达、比斯坎湾和博物馆公园。

At the heart of the building, a stair as large as a gallery connects the two exhibition levels. This stair also functions as an auditorium, using sound-insulating curtains in different configurations to provide space for lectures, film screenings, concerts and performances. Our idea was to avoid for such events to be isolated in a space remaining unused for most of the time. At PAMM, events in preparation are visible. When the space is not actively used for events, it is used by visitors and staff for individual readings, introductions to groups and the like. The museum shop and bistro are located on the platform level and are oriented to the bay. Education and research facilities are on the third floor along with the museum’s offices. We place these communal spaces at the periphery of the building, maximizing their exposure to the Veranda, Biscayne Bay, and Museum Park.

 Courtesy of Arcophotos

Arcophotos提供

成本顾问斯图尔特-林恩公司，纽约，美国设计顾问赫尔佐格

Cost Consultant Stuart-Lynn Company, New York, NY, USA Design Consultant Herzog & de Meuron, Basel, Switzerland Executive Architect Handel Architects , New York, NY, USA Hanging Gardens Patrick Blanc, Paris, France HVAC Engineering Arup, London, New York, UK, USA Landscape Design GEO Architectonica, Miami, FL, USA Plumbing/Fire Protection JALRW, Doral, FL, USA Structural Engineering Arup, London, New York, UK, USA Structural Engineering (Local) Douglas Wood, Coral Gables, FL, USA Acoustics Harvey Marshall Berling Associates, New York, NY, USA Civil Engineering ADA Engineer, Doral, FL, USA Code Consultant Schirmer Engineering, White Plains, NY, USA Concrete Consultant Reginald Hough, New York, NY, USA Fabric Consultant Michele Rondelli, Zurich, Switzerland Facade Engineering Front , New York, NY, USA Lighting Consultant Arup, London, New York, UK, USA Security Consultant Lane Consultants, Greenwood Village, CO, USA Sustainability Consultant Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH , Stuttgart, Germany Vertical Transportation Jenkins & Huntington Inc, New York, NY Wood Consultant Stephen Smulski, Shutesbury, MA, USA Site Area 14221 sqm Manufacturers Loading...