架构师提供的文本描述。1950年世界杯巴西对乌拉圭的比赛中有20万观众；1963年当地德比弗卢米嫩斯对弗拉门戈的比赛中有19.5万观众；佩莱；吉贾；西纳特拉；约翰·保罗二世：这是历史，这些都是最著名的名字和人物，使埃斯特迪奥·马拉卡昂成为世界上最具传奇色彩的体育场。

Text description provided by the architects. 200,000 spectators during the 1950 World Cup match Brazil versus Uruguay; 195,000 during the 1963 local derby Fluminense versus Flamengo; Pelé; Ghiggia; Sinatra; John Paul II: This is the history and these are the famous names and figures that made the Estádio Maracanã the world’s most legendary stadium.

 © schlaich bergermann und partner, Marcus Bredt

Schlaich Bergermann und Partner，Marcus Bredt

Templo Sagrado no país do futebol，也就是“足球之地的圣殿”，这就是巴西人如何称呼这个体育场，简称为“马拉坎”。在世界范围内，这个名字代表着运动中的伟大时刻，在这么短的时间内，很少有建筑获得如此辉煌的声誉。因此，Schlaich Bergermann的合作伙伴很高兴能为2014年国际足联世界杯球场的重建做出贡献，为其加冕一个令人惊叹的新屋顶。

Templo sagrado no país do futebol, or “The Holy Temple in the Land of Football”; this how Brazilians refer to the stadium known simply as “the Maracanã.” Worldwide, the name stands for great moments in sports, and there are few buildings that have achieved such a splendid reputation in such a short time. Therefore, schlaich bergermann und partner is delighted to to contribute to the redevelopment of the stadium for the 2014 FIFA World Cup by crowning it with a stunning new roof.

 © schlaich bergermann und partner, Marcus Bredt

Schlaich Bergermann und Partner，Marcus Bredt

自2009年以来，里约热内卢的马拉坎体育场进行了现代化升级，以满足国际足联对2014年世界杯的要求。在2013年4月27日，它已经准备好在新的屋檐下进行第一场比赛。第一个官方赛事是当年6月2日巴西和英格兰之间的比赛。

Since 2009, the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro has undergone modernization upgrades to meet FIFA requirements for the 2014 World Cup. On April 27, 2013, it was ready for the first match under the new roof. The first official event was the match between Brazil and England on June 2nd of that year.

 © schlaich bergermann und partner, Marcus Bredt

Schlaich Bergermann und Partner，Marcus Bredt

Structure Design

对现有体育场结构的分析表明，原悬臂式混凝土屋面不仅在功能上存在不足，而且从长远来看也缺乏足够的结构安全性。因此，该方案包括现有的旧体育场碗钢筋混凝土柱，以支持一个新的轻型屋顶结构，基于水平车轮的原理。一个创新的选择，该系统，其中包括一个压缩环和三个张力环的高性能材料，方便几乎浮动屋顶。即使在可持续性方面，这一解决办法也胜过所有传统的屋顶结构。轮辐电缆紧固在轮辋之间-在结构工程中称为“压缩环”-和分配在屋顶内部边缘的张力环。辐状电缆是由高强度电缆制成的.

An analysis of the existing stadium structure revealed that the original cantilevered concrete roof had not only become inadequate in terms of its function, but it also lacked sufficient structural safety in the long run. Thus, the scheme includes the existing reinforced concrete columns of the old stadium bowl to support a new lightweight roof structure based on the principle of a horizontal spoked wheel. An innovative option of this system, which features one compression ring and three tension rings made of high-performance materials, facilitates an almost floating roof. Even in regard to sustainability, this solution beats all conventional roof structures. The spoke cables are tightened between the rim of the wheel – called the “compression ring” in structural engineering – and the tension rings allocated at the inner edge of the roof. The spoke cables are made of high-strength cables. 

 Structure Diagram

屋顶覆盖由聚四氟乙烯涂层玻璃纤维膜组成，悬挂在径向主轴之间。附加径向圆角电缆稳定表面。在缆索支撑的高度，这些圆角电缆被悬挂在较低的张力环上，从而产生一个极小的拐点，作为排水。这样，膜片就达到了它们的特点，优雅地弯曲了三角形。该方案的诱人设计来源于极细长的内外边。这强调了对现有结构的蓄意谨慎和考虑周到的干预。

The roof covering consists of a PTFE coated fiberglass membrane, suspended between the radial main axes. Additional radial filet cables stabilize the surface. At the height of the cable-supported props, these filet cables are suspended towards the lower tension ring, and thus generate a minimal turning point, which serves as water drainage. In this way, the membrane sections attain their characteristic, gracefully curved deltoid shape. The attractive design of the scheme derives from the extremely slender inner and outer edge. This emphasizes the deliberately cautious and considerate intervention into the existing structure.

 © schlaich bergermann und partner, Marcus Bredt

Schlaich Bergermann und Partner，Marcus Bredt

因此，里约热内卢的标志性城市马拉坎没有发生重大变化，而是变成了一个现代地标，进入了一个新时代。这是通过强调突出的径向结构的原体育场，以及新的屋顶结构，其丝状，半透明轻电缆屋顶。

Therefore, Rio de Janeiro’s iconic Maracanã has not been significantly changed, but rather transformed into a modern landmark to enter a new era. This has been achieved by emphasizing the striking radial structure of the original stadium, as well as of the new roof structure with its filigree, translucent lightweight cable roof.

 Structure Diagram

客户Empresa de obras Públicas(EMOP)规划和实现Schlaich Bergermann和Partner的光伏Schlaich Bergermann和Partner的合伙人Daniel Fernandes(建筑师)，COBRAE(结构工程)风洞测试：Wacker Ingenieure主承包商Consórcio Maracan(Odebrecht S.A.)。

Client Empresa de Obras Públicas (EMOP) Planning and Realisation schlaich bergermann und partner Planning of photovoltaic schlaich bergermann und partner Stands Daniel Fernandes (architect), COBRAE (structural engineering) Wind Tunnel Testing: Wacker Ingenieure Prime Contractor Consórcio Maracanã (Odebrecht S.A. & Andrade Gutierrez Capacity 77,000 spectators Covered floor area 45,700 m² Steel structure 2900 tons of steel; 1000 tons of cables + cast parts Membrane surface 46,700 m² Photovoltaic 330 kW peak