架构师提供的文本描述。Landesgartenschau展览馆是一座建筑原型建筑，展示了计算设计和轻型木材建筑机器人制造的最新发展。由欧盟和巴登-吴̈rttemberg州资助，这座建筑是第一座完全由机器人预制的山毛榉胶合板构成的建筑。新开发的木结构不仅提供了创新的建筑可能性，而且具有很高的资源效率，承重板结构仅为50毫米薄。这是通过综合计算设计、模拟、制造和测量方法来实现的。

Text description provided by the architects. The Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall is an architectural prototype building and a showcase for the current developments in computational design and robotic fabrication for lightweight timber construction. Funded by the European Union and the state of Baden‐Württemberg, the building is the first to have its primary structure entirely made of robotically prefabricated beech plywood plates. The newly developed timber construction offers not only innovative architectural possibilities; it is also highly resource efficient, with the load bearing plate structure being just 50mm thin. This is made possible through integrative computational design, simulation, fabrication and surveying methods.

 © Roland Halbe

罗兰·哈贝

Landesgartenschau展览馆是在斯图加特大学作为“木材建造中的机器人”研究项目的一部分而构想的，并与MüllerBlaustein Holzbau GmbH、Landesgartenschau Schwäbisch GMÜ和2014 GMBH、Baden-Württemberg(ForstBW)和KUKA Robotics GmbH的林业局合作实现。该项目展示了将计算设计、模拟和制造方法集成在一起所带来的新机会，这些方法是由当地可利用和可再生资源木材制造的，具有表现性和资源效率。该建筑引进了一个创新的，机器人制造的轻型木材板建筑系统，由山毛榉胶合板制成。它是由计算设计研究所(ICD，Achim Menges教授)、建筑结构和结构设计研究所(ITKE，Jan Knippers教授)和工程测量研究所(IIGS，Volker Schwieger教授)开发的，并与MüllerBlaustein Holzbau GmbH合作实现。这座建筑是一年两次的Landesgartenschau的一部分，在那里它主办了一个由ForstBW举办的展览。该项目部分由欧洲区域发展基金和“Forst und Holz”巴登-吴̈rttemberg以及项目合作伙伴提供资金。

The Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall was conceived at the University of Stuttgart as part of the “Robotics in Timber Construction” research project and realized in collaboration with Müllerblaustein Holzbau GmbH, Landesgartenschau Schwäbisch Gmünd 2014 GmbH, the forest administration of Baden‐Württemberg (ForstBW) and KUKA Robotics GmbH. The project demonstrates the new opportunities that arise from the integration of computational design, simulation and fabrication methods for performative and resource efficient constructions made from the locally available and renewable resource wood. The building introduces an innovative, robotically fabricated lightweight timber plate construction system made of beech plywood. It was developed at the Institute for Computational Design (ICD, Prof. Achim Menges), the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE, Prof. Jan Knippers), and the Institute of Engineering Geodesy (IIGS, Prof. Volker Schwieger) and realized in collaboration with Müllerblaustein Holzbau GmbH. The building is part of the biannual Landesgartenschau, where it hosts an exhibition by ForstBW. The project was partly funded by the European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF) and “Forst und Holz” Baden‐ Württemberg as well as by the project partners.

 Courtesy of ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

由ICD/ITKE/IIGS斯图加特大学提供

木材是人类已知的最古老的建筑材料之一。但是，新的机器人制造工艺的出现，结合计算设计、仿真和测量方法，提供了全新的设计可能性和应用领域。这些构成了以当地可利用和可再生资源木材为基础的具有特殊性能和效率的建筑。以下五个主要方面突出了项目的创新性：仿生轻量化设计：与人工建筑相比，自然生物建筑表现出明显的形态分化程度。这种形式和结构上的差异是其绩效和资源效率的一个关键方面，通过“更多的距离”来实现“较少的物质”。因此，建筑形态的原理往往可以转化为包括建筑和建筑在内的技术应用设计。在Landesgartenschau展览馆的背景下，天然板壳是特别感兴趣的，因为它们是一个由个别元素组成的表现性建筑系统。海胆的骨架是一个由碳酸钙板组成的模块化系统，由与人造手指关节非常相似的板块边缘的微观联锁投影连接起来。

Wood is one of the oldest building materials known to mankind. But the advent of novel robotic fabrication processes in conjunction with computational design, simulation, and surveying methods, offers entirely new design possibilities and fields of application. These form the basis for particularly performative and efficient constructions made from the locally available and renewable resource wood. The following five main aspects highlight the project’s innovative character: Biomimetic lightweight design: In comparison to man‐made constructions natural biological constructions exhibit a significantly higher degree of morphological differentiation. This differentiation in form and structure is a key aspect for their performance and resource efficiency, achieving “less material” through “more from”. For this reason, principles of constructional morphology can often be transferred into the design of technical applications including architecture and construction. In the context of the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall, natural plate shells are of particular interest as they are a performative construction system made of individual elements. The skeleton of sea urchins is such a modular system made of calcium carbonate plates that are joined by microscopic interlocking projections along the plate edges that are very similar to man‐made finger joints.

 Courtesy of ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

由ICD/ITKE/IIGS斯图加特大学提供

计算设计和仿真：通过先进的计算设计和仿真方法，使展览馆复杂板结构的发展成为可能。这使得建筑中仿生建筑原理的产生、模拟和优化成为可能。在本研究项目背景下开发的计算设计工具提供了在设计过程中包括材料特性和制造参数的可能性。平板的设计空间不是手工绘制的，而是纳入了自动找形的模拟和优化过程，其中包括机器人制造的参数和约束。

Computational design and simulation: The development of the Exhibition Hall’s complex plate structure is made possible through advanced computational design and simulation methods. These allow the generation, simulation and optimisation of biomimetic construction principles in architecture. The computational design tool developed in the context of this research project offers the possibility to include material characteristics and fabrication parameters in the design process. Rather than drawing each plate manually, the plate’s design space is incorporated into a simulation and optimisation process for automated form‐finding, which includes parameters and constraints of robotic fabrication.

 Roof Floor Plan

屋顶平面图

机器人制造：主要关注于从几何生成到结构分析和数字制造的相干数字链。这包括为初级结构制造全部243种几何分异的山毛榉胶合板，以及绝缘、防水和覆层的数字预制。最重要的挑战和创新之一是7600个手指关节的机器人制造，通过它们的联锁连接，这是建筑物结构稳定的主要原因。在建筑物内部仍然可以看到，手指关节连接类似于砂元的微观连接，只有在七轴机器人制造装置下才能有效地生产。工业机器人的运动柔性是生产这种复杂的、独立的几何形状所必需的。因此，与砂元板骨架相似的事实是，所有胶合板在几何上都是独一无二的，这不会带来额外的困难。预制板壳元件只需3周.

Robotic fabrication: A main focus lies on the coherent digital chain from the geometry generation to the structural analysis and digital fabrication. This includes the robotic fabrication of all 243 geometrically differentiated beech plywood plates for the primary structure, as well as the digital prefabrication of the insulation, waterproofing and cladding. One of the most important challenges and innovations is the robotic fabrication of the 7600 individual finger joints, which, through their interlocking connection, are the main reason for the building’s structural stability. Still visible in the building’s interior, the finger joint connections resemble the sand dollar’s microscopic connections and are only efficiently producible with a seven axis robotic fabrication setup. The industrial robot’s kinematic flexibility is an essential requirement for the production of such complex and individual geometries. Consequently, the fact that, similar to the sand dollar’s plate skeleton, all plywood plates are geometrically unique, poses no additional difficulties. Pre‐fabrication of the plate shell elements required only 3 weeks.

 Courtesy of ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

由ICD/ITKE/IIGS斯图加特大学提供

先进的测量方法：与传统的预制方法相比，所发展的制造技术具有更高的精度。因此，所有单独装配板的质量保证是一个重大挑战，需要一台能够在亚毫米范围内进行扫描的激光跟踪器。此外，建成后的建筑物将被三维空间反复扫描，以分析结构的长期行为。此时，已经有可能得出胶合板的平面内均方偏差是衡量制造精度的标准，只有0.86mm。与传统木材结构的公差相比，这是一个非常低的值-特别是考虑到板式结构同时是建筑外壳和成品内表面。最终，这种精度是木材施工中连接几何性能的必要条件。

Advanced surveying methods: In comparison to conventional prefabrication methods, the developed fabrication technique allows for a much higher precision. Quality assurance of all individually fabricated plates therefore poses a significant challenge and requires a laser tracker capable of scanning in a sub millimetre range. Additionally, the finished building will repeatedly be scanned three‐dimensionally to analyse the structure’s long‐term behaviour. At this point, it was already possible to conclude that the plywood plate’s in‐plane mean square deviation, which is a measure for fabrication accuracy, is only 0.86mm. In comparison to tolerances in conventional timber construction, this is an exceptionally low value – especially considering that the plate structure is building shell and finished interior surface at the same time. Ultimately, this accuracy is a necessary requirement for performative connection geometries in timber construction.

 Courtesy of ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

由ICD/ITKE/IIGS斯图加特大学提供

创新型木材建筑：Landesgartenschau展览馆是第一座建筑，其主要结构由机器人制造的山毛榉胶合板组成。与许多生物系统的功能集成类似，板系统同时形成了建筑的结构和围护结构。结构载荷发生在板的边缘是有效地转移通过机器人制造的手指接头。这种新的木结构使得建筑只能由50毫米厚的胶合板制成。利用当地现有的山毛榉不仅符合中欧未来的造林战略，而且由于该材料具有优良的力学特性，特别适用于轻质木材建筑。

Innovative timber construction: The Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall is the first building whose primary structure consists of robotically fabricated beech plywood plates. Similar to the functional integration in many biological systems, the plate system forms the building’s structure and envelope at the same time. The structural loads that occur around the plate’s edges are transferred efficiently by the robotically fabricated finger joints. This new kind of timber construction allows the building to be made of only 50mm thick plywood plates. Using locally available beech is not only in accordance with future foresting strategies in central Europe, but is also especially suitable for lightweight timber constructions because of the material’s excellent mechanical characteristics.

 Courtesy of ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

由ICD/ITKE/IIGS斯图加特大学提供

建筑的表面围护面积为245平方米，尺寸约为17x11x6米(56x36x20英尺)，建筑面积为125平方米(1560平方英尺)，总建筑面积为605立方米。这种非常薄的承重结构只需要12立方米的山毛榉胶合板。此外，几乎所有在制造过程中产生的断线都被用作地板.经过机械制造一级结构和数字预制的所有其他建筑层，如绝缘，防水和覆层，建成现场仅四个星期。

With a surface envelope of 245 m2 and dimensions of about 17 x 11 x 6 m (56 x 36 x 20 ft) the building offers a floor space of 125 m2 (1560 sq ft) and a gross volume of 605 m3. The very thin load bearing structure required only 12 m3 of beech plywood. Additionally, almost all off‐cut produced during fabrication was re‐used as parquet flooring. After robotic fabrication of the primary structure and digital prefabrication of all other building layers such as insulation, waterproofing and cladding, the building was set up on site in only four weeks.

 © Roland Halbe

罗兰·哈贝

Landesgartenschau展览馆分为两个单独的空间区，通过建筑物的整体几何学来区分：入口空间和主展览空间。在这两个区域，板结构是由凸多边形板组成的穹顶状结构。中间空间或过渡区由鞍形空间收缩来定义，其中壳体由凹形多边形板组成。参观者进入建筑物的较低部分的壳和引导通过轻微缩小结构为6米高的主要空间，它的大玻璃正面打开周围的景观。内部的特点不仅是它的整体几何，特别是胶合板和他们可见的手指连接。凸凹多边形板之间的几何梯度强调空间排列。从生物系统的几何分化中衍生出来的建筑原理仍然是可见的，并成为建筑经验的一部分。

The Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall is organized into two individual spatial zones that are differentiated through the building’s overall geometry: the entrance space and the main exhibition space. In both zones the plate structure is dome‐shaped consisting of convex polygonal plates. An intermediate space or transition zone is defined by a saddle‐shaped spatial contraction where the shell consists of concave polygonal plates. Visitors enter the building through the lower part of the shell and are guided through the slight narrowing of the structure to the 6 meters high main space with its large glass facade opening towards the surrounding landscape. The interior is characterised not only by its global geometry, but particularly by the plywood plates and their visible finger joint connections. The geometric gradient between convex and concave polygonal plates emphasises the spatial arrangement. The construction principles that were derived from the geometric differentiation of biological systems remain visible and become part of the architectural experience.

 Courtesy of ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

由ICD/ITKE/IIGS斯图加特大学提供

Landesgartenschau展览馆的开发、制造和建造表明，机器人制造结合计算设计、模拟和测量方法，使建筑师、结构工程师和木材制造商能够从事跨学科以及面向材料和制造的工作。这不仅导致资源节约型木材建筑，而且还导致了一种新颖和富有表现力的建筑。

The development, fabrication and construction of the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall demonstrates that robotic fabrication in conjunction with computational design, simulation and surveying methods enable architects, structural engineers and timber manufacturers to work interdisciplinary as well as material‐ and fabrication‐oriented. This leads not only to resource efficient timber constructions but also to a novel and expressive architecture.

Architects ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart

Location University of Stuttgart, Keplerstraße 7, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany

Category Museums & Exhibit

Design Team A. Menges, Tobias Schwinn, Oliver David Krieg, J. Knippers, Jian‐Min Li, Volker Schwieger, Annette Schmitt, Reinhold Müller, Benjamin Eisele, Alois Buchstab, Frank Zimmermann, Sebastian Schreiber, Frauke Brieger, Karl‐Eugen Ebertshäuser, Sabine Rieger

Project Year 2014

Photographs James Nebelsick, Roland Halbe