架构师提供的文本描述。鹿特丹有一个新的图标：Markthal鹿特丹。在宾纳罗特的历史位置，在布拉克车站和鹿特丹最大的每周露天新鲜食品和硬件市场，荷兰的第一个覆盖市场实现了。Markthal在一座公寓拱门下的底层有一个巨大的市场层。它的形状，五颜六色的内部和高度使马克塔尔成为一个独特的景观。它的独特之处不仅在于它的形状和大小，尤其是不同功能的组合方式。一栋盖满新鲜食品市场的公寓楼与食品店、餐馆、超市和地下停车场结合在一起，在世界上其他地方都找不到。

Text description provided by the architects. Rotterdam has a new icon: Markthal Rotterdam. At a historical location at the Binnenrotte, next to Blaak Station and the largest weekly open air fresh food and hardware market in Rotterdam, the first covered market of the Netherlands was realised. Markthal includes a huge market floor on the ground floor under an arch of apartments. Its shape, its colourful interior and the height turns Markthal into an unique spectacle. Unique is not only its shape and size, but especially the way the different functions are combined. The combination of an apartment building covering a fresh food market with food shops, restaurants, a supermarket and an underground parking is found nowhere else in the world.

 © Daria Scagliola+Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola Stijn Brakkee)

城市转型

Urban transformation

Markthal在实现之前就已经取得了成功：它是一个新的、新鲜的图标，已经吸引了大量的国际媒体和游客。这座位于市中心的建筑植根于城市的历史，与中世纪晚期的“劳伦斯克”(劳伦斯教堂)相提并论，位于罗特河沿岸的前堤坝的位置。这条河在19世纪末改道，改建了一条通往Maas河南岸的铁路线高架桥。在20世纪90年代，这个轨迹被重建成一条地下隧道，现在的长方形出现了，每周两次为露天新鲜食品市场提供空间。20世纪50年代，旧高架两侧的建筑突然以其背面面对新的广场，从那时起就被取代了。

Markthal was a success already before being realised: it is a new and fresh icon which already has attracted large quantities of international press and visitors. The centrally located building is rooted in the city’s history, located parallel to the late medieval ‘Laurenskerk’ (Laurens church) and at the location of the former dike along the river Rotte. This river was diverted at the end of the 19th century in favour of a train line viaduct leading to the south bank of the river Maas. In the 1990’s this trajectory was rebuilt as an underground tunnel and the current oblong square emerged which offers room for the open air fresh food market twice a week. The 1950’s buildings on either side of the old highline suddenly faced the new square with their backsides and have been replaced ever since.

 © Nico Saieh

c.Nico Saieh

马克塔尔是对其周边地区的一种重要推动力，是对城市经济的重要贡献。Markthal的日常新鲜食品市场，商店和公寓，创造了一致性和联系在附近，这将达到一个新的中心。在Markthal建成后，鹿特丹市将开始翻修Binnenrotte广场，以使其在没有户外市场的日子更有吸引力。在翻修后，室外市场将重新配置，市场通道将与Markthal的入口无缝连接，使公众能够轻松进出大楼，并在室内和室外两个市场之间建立激励机制。

Markthal means an important impulse to its surrounding area which is a strong contribution to the urban economy. Markthal with its daily fresh food market, shops and apartments, creates coherence and connections in the neighbourhood which will reach a new centrality. After completion of Markthal, the city of Rotterdam will start to refurbish Binnenrotte Square to make it more attractive also on days that there is no outdoor market. After the refurbishment the outdoor market will be reconfigured, the market lanes will connect seamlessly to the entrances of Markthal, to allow the public to easily enter and exit the building and to create incentives between the two markets, indoor and outdoor.

 © Daria Scagliola+Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola Stijn Brakkee)

Architecture

2004年10月，普罗旺斯开发商和建筑工作室MVRDV团队赢得了鹿特丹市在Binnenrotte举办的设计和建造市场大厅的竞赛。市政府希望扩大现有的露天市场，增加一个覆盖范围。根据更严格的欧洲规则，今后将不再允许露天销售新鲜和冷冻食品。除此之外，市政府希望增加市中心居民的数量，以便为该地区的服务创造更多的能力。所需的项目-住房、停车和市政厅-要求一个明显的解决方案：两个住宅楼板，中间有一个经济上可建造的市政厅。普罗旺斯和MVRDV在欧洲南部看到，这种市政厅往往是黑暗的，内向的建筑物，几乎没有与周围的城市地区联系。然而，鹿特丹的Markthal是发展‘Laurenskwartier’(Laurens区)社区的一个重要推动力，必须加强市中心的东侧。需要一座高度公共、开放、无障碍的建筑。这支队伍决定把两个楼板和市场翻转过来，这导致了一个更大的大厅，有两个宽阔的洞口通向城市。为了提高施工效率，选择了符合传统电梯核心的曲线。通过增加一些空间到较低的楼层，以额外的零售空间，目前的体积出现120米长，70米宽和40米高。

In October 2004 the team of Provast developers and architecture studio MVRDV won a competition organised by the city of Rotterdam for the design and construction of a market hall at Binnenrotte. The municipality wanted to extend the existing open air market with a covered addition. According to stricter European rules in the future the open air sale of fresh and chilled food would not be permitted anymore. Next to this the municipality wanted to augment the amount of inhabitants in the city centre in order to create more capacity for the services in the area. The demanded programme – housing, parking and a market hall – asked for an obvious solution: two residential slabs with an economically constructible market hall in between. Provast and MVRDV had seen in the South of Europe that these kind of market halls are often dark, introverted buildings with little connection to the surrounding urban area. The Markthal in Rotterdam however was to be an important impulse in the development of the ‘Laurenskwartier’ (Laurens quarter) neighbourhood and had to strengthen the Eastern side of the city centre. A highly public, open building with good accessibility was needed. The team decided to just flip the two slabs and market which led to a larger hall with two wide openings towards the city. In order to make the construction more efficient a curve was chosen that fitted a traditional elevator core. By adding some space to the lower floors for extra retail space the current volume of the arch emerged 120 meters long, 70 meters wide and 40 meters tall.

 © Daria Scagliola+Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola Stijn Brakkee)

这座建筑需要尽可能开放，以吸引公众，同时，由于天气状况，它必须关闭。尽量保持关闭的透明度，选择了电缆网面，这需要很少的建设性因素。它的原理类似于网球拍，在网球拍中使用钢缆作为钢丝绳，在网球拍中安装玻璃。这种电缆网面是欧洲同类中最大的。由于这个工程的奇迹，里面的艺术作品从外面是可见的，它的繁茂的形状和颜色邀请公众进入这座建筑。马克塔尔的外表是用灰色的天然石头执行的，就像在人行道上一样，把重点放在内部。

The building needed to be as open as possible to attract the public and at the same time it had to be closed off due to weather conditions. Keeping the closure as transparent as possible a cable net façade was chosen which needs very few constructive elements. Its principle is comparable to a tennis racket in which the steel cable are used as strings in between which the glass is mounted. This cable net façade is the largest of its kind in Europe. Because of this miracle of engineering the art piece inside is visible from the outside, its lush shapes and colours invite the public to enter the building. The exterior of the Markthal is executed in grey natural stone, the same as on the pavements, to put the emphasis onto the interior.

马克塔尔是一座没有背面的建筑。建筑物的四面八方都可以进入或者是商店的橱窗。因此，大厅、商店和餐馆的全部供应都位于地下。地下室第一层设有远征场，送货可以与货车一起进行，从这个展览馆的货运电梯到达市场大厅。这样，居民就不会受到经常在清晨发生的分发活动的阻碍。地下室里还有一家艾伯特·海恩超市，电子产品公司和Gall公司。

Markthal is a building without a backside. All sides of the building are accessible or shop windows. The entire supply for the hall, the shops and restaurants is therefore located underground. The first basement floor features an expedition court to which the delivery can happen with vans, from this exhibition court freight elevators reach the market hall. In this way inhabitants are not hindered by distribution activities that often occur in the early hours of the morning. Also in the basement is an Albert Heijn supermarket, Etos and Gall & Gall. The delivery for these stores is organised through an underground tunnel leading to hidden elevators at Binnenrotte square, in this way larger lorries can operate in distance to the hall. Inhabitants have storage rooms and shared bicycle rooms in the basement.

 © Nico Saieh

c.Nico Saieh

居民可以通过六个独立的入口到达他们的公寓，通往电梯和双螺旋楼梯。由于结构的曲线，电梯大厅的面积和位置都在逐渐地随着楼层的变化而变化。在底层，电梯位于内立面，顶楼朝向外立面。每个电梯大厅最多可提供四间公寓，其中两间有通往市场的窗户，而且都有朝向外面的大玻璃正面。

Inhabitants can reach their apartments through six separate entrances leading to elevators and double helix flight stairs. Due to the curve of the structure the elevator hall is gradually - floor by floor – changing in size and location. At the ground floor the elevator is located at the inner façade, at the top floor towards the outer façade. Each elevator hall services a maximum of four apartments, two of which have windows to the market and all have large glass fronts towards the outside.

 © Nico Saieh

c.Nico Saieh

Sustainability

马克塔尔获得了BREEAM非常好的证书。该建筑物与城市供暖和建筑物下面的一个蓄热系统相连，这也将使周围地区的一些相邻建筑物变热和冷却。建筑物中的各种功能都可以进行换热和换冷。对大厅本身进行了广泛的研究，以创造一个舒适的室内气候和极低的能源使用。大厅自然通风，在玻璃外墙下，新鲜空气流入，它上升到屋顶，离开大厅通过通风竖井在屋顶。这是一个不用安装就能工作的热系统。使用中央监测系统在不同方案之间交换热量和冷却，这样，这些方案可以使用的装置比正常少。房屋、购物中心、停车场和市政厅的结合，使安装技术更加高效。在市场内部，一个信息面板展示了建筑的能源使用和二氧化碳节约情况。为了节约用水，设计了一个智能的卫生系统。

Markthal received a BREEAM Very Good certificate. The building is connected to city heating and a thermal storage system underneath the building which will also heat and cool a number of adjacent buildings in the surrounding area. The various functions in the building can exchange heat and cold. For the hall itself extensive research was conducted to create a comfortable interior climate with an extremely low energy use. The hall is naturally ventilated, underneath the glass façade fresh air flows in, it rises towards the roof and leaves the hall through ventilation shafts in the roof. This is a thermic system which can function without any installations. A central monitoring system is used to exchange heat and cool between the different programmes, in this way less installations could be used than normal for these programmes. The combination of housing, shopping centre, parking and market hall makes the installation technology more efficient. Inside the market, an information panel illustrates the energy use and CO2 savings of the building. A smart sanitation system is designed to save water.

 © Nico Saieh

c.Nico Saieh

MVRDV的设计视野将Markthal描述为城市化，功能组合是一种综合设计，是一座24小时的建筑，它是鹿特丹城市的公共和持久的补充。

The design vision of MVRDV describes Markthal as urbanism, the function mix is an integrated design, a 24 hour building which is a public and lasting addition to the city of Rotterdam.

 Floor Plan

Markthal的租户签署了一份所谓的“绿色租赁协议”，内容涉及可持续发展的绩效要求。这包括用水、能源、废物和使用健康的建筑材料。这样，可持续的雄心就不仅仅是建筑的木桶。

The tenants of Markthal have signed a so called Green Lease Agreement regarding sustainable performance requirements. This covers the use of water, energy, waste and the use of healthy construction material. In this way the sustainable ambition reaches further than just the cask of the building.

 © Daria Scagliola+Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola Stijn Brakkee)

一位生态学家受邀改善市中心的生态价值，并建议为蝙蝠和蝙蝠创造空间。在11楼的西面，有四块大蝙蝠撑在墙面上，在一楼的北侧，有十个放在墙上的可旋转的巢穴。

An ecologist was invited to improve the ecological value of the inner city location and advised to create space for bats and swifts. On the western façade of the 11th floor are four large bat stays integrated into the façade, on the northern side of the first floor are ten nests for swifts mounted to the wall.

 © Daria Scagliola+Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola Stijn Brakkee)

“鹿特丹公约”是一个全新的概念，是同类建筑中的第一座，是市政厅和住宅之间的混合体。鹿特丹经历了一个世界范围的独家新闻与这种新的城市类型。通过使用公寓建造一座覆盖市场的拱门，一座新的公共建筑出现了，如果没有住房，这座建筑就不可能如此宏伟。

Markthal Rotterdam is a completely new concept, the first building of its kind, a hybrid between market hall and housing. Rotterdam experiences a world-wide scoop with this new urban typology. By using the apartments to create an arch that covers the market a new public building emerges, which could not have been this grand without the housing.

 © Nico Saieh

c.Nico Saieh

马蹄形拱门由三楼至十一楼的住房组成，共有102套出租公寓和126套待售公寓。每套公寓都有一个室外露台在整个单位的宽度和24个顶层的阁楼有-由于拱形-一个非常宽的屋顶露台。这些公寓可以通过6个街道入口进入。

The horse shoe shaped arch of Markthal consists of housing from the third to the eleventh floor, in total 102 rental apartments and 126 apartments for sale. Each apartment has an outside terrace over the full width of the unit and the 24 penthouses on the top floor have – thanks to the arch shape – a very wide roof terrace. The apartments can be accessed via 6 entrances at street level.

 Floor Plan

一半的公寓有通往市场的窗户，这些窗户是三层玻璃的，以避免声音或气味的滋扰。有各种各样的公寓类型，从免费布局的阁楼公寓到多间卧室的复式公寓。房产面积从80平方米到300平方米不等。阁楼的入口处在十楼，里面有楼梯，有电梯到十一楼的房间，这样就可以在屋顶上没有电梯箱的情况下实现马克塔尔拱门。

Half the apartments has windows to the market, these windows are triple glazed to avoid sound or smell nuisance. There is a broad choice of apartment types, from free layout loft apartments to duplex with multiple bedrooms. The properties vary from 80 to 300 m². The penthouses have their entrances on the tenth floor and inside stairs and room for an elevator to the eleventh floor, in this way the arch of Markthal could be realised without any elevator boxes on the roof.

 © Ossip van Duivenbode

c.OsSIP van Duivenbode