© Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

“确保环境可持续性”，包括改善卫生设施，是联合国八项“千年发展目标”之一。据统计，从2000年到2015年，得不到基本卫生设施的人数将减少50%。这项权利已被确认为一项人权。目前，全世界约有25亿人缺乏这种服务，超过10亿人(占世界人口的15%)仍在户外大便。不受控制的废水排放也将是一场环境灾难，因为它危害人类健康(每年有17亿人患腹泻，760000儿童死于霍乱、伤寒、肝炎等)。卫生设备和设施的缺乏也造成了巨大的经济损失(据世界银行称，在印度，这种情况每年要花费530亿美元，占其国内生产总值的近6%)。

“Ensure environmental sustainability” included improving sanitation facilities is one of the eight "Millennium Development Goals” by United Nations. According to that, from 2000 to 2015, the number of people without access to basic sanitation will decrease by 50%. The access has been recognized as a human right. All over the world currently there are about 2.5 billions people lacked of that access and more than a billion people (15% of the world population) are still defecating outdoors. The uncontrolled waste water discharge would also be an environmental disaster, because it harms human health (every year 1.7 billion people suffer from diarrhea and 760000 children die for cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, etc...). Lacking of sanitary equipment and facilities also cause economical damage tremendously (according to World Bank, in India that condition costs this country more than 53 billions USD every year, accounting for nearly 6% of its GDP).

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

在越南，人们普遍认为全国各地的学校都缺乏厕所或清洁厕所。目前，88%的农村学校没有符合国家卫生部规定的厕所标准，四分之一的学校没有完全厕所。

In Vietnam, it is popular to see the lack of toilet or clean toilet in schools across the country. Currently 88% of schools in countryside have no toilet meeting criteria by the National Ministry of Health and a quarter do not have toilet completely.

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

曹邦省的儿子拉普公社、包拉奇村有257户/1 700名居民，占H‘Mong和DAO少数民族人口的98%。作为一个极端贫困的地区，超过70%的人口生活在贫困之中，人们不得不过着没有电、没有基础设施、没有道路、没有市场、没有电信网络的生活。在流山部落轮作之后，他们破坏了森林，并保持了落后的习惯，例如一个家庭中有许多孩子，其中只有少数人能上学。

Son Lap Commune, Bao Lac, Cao Bang Province has 257 households/ 1,700 inhabitants with 98% of the minority ethnic H’Mong and Dao. As an extremely poor area with more than 70% of the population living in poverty, people have to live a life without electricity, infrastructure, road, market, telecommunication network... Following the shifting cultivation of wandering hill tribes, they have destroyed forests and keep backward habits such as having many children in a family, of whom only few could go to school.

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

圣拉普学校共有485名从幼儿园到中学的学生，在主学校、4所分校和一些教职员宿舍设有10多个班。其中没有一项符合最低标准，特别是在卫生和洗涤设施方面。

Son Lap School has a total of 485 students from kindergarten to secondary levels with more than 10 classes at the main school, 4 branch schools and some staff housings. None of them meets the minimum standards, specifically in terms of sanitary and washing facilities.

 Section-Plan-Elevation

剖面-平面图-海拔

因此，一个包括厕所冲洗区植被在内的空间对这里的学校特别是越南农村的学校来说是非常紧迫的。该项目的设计基于三个目标：快速施工、低成本和广泛应用能力。

Thus, a space including toilet + washing area + vegetation is very urgent to the school here in particular and in Vietnam countrysides in general. Being named Toigetation, the project has been designed based on three objectives: quick construction, low cost and widely-applied ability. 

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

灵感来自一棵大树的标志性形象，它的树冠很宽，为下面和内部的空间提供了遮荫，托伊格特谦卑地融入了费贾达山脚下的斜坡。它的四周有一层茂密的植被(树木和草药)和周围的梯田花园。植被层有助于调节室内气候，加强承载结构，提供食物，同时在内部和外部形成一个隐含的边界。(鼓掌)

Inspired by the iconic image of a large tree with wide canopy giving shade for the space below and within, Toigetation humbly blends into the slope at the foot of Phja Da mount. It includes a thick layer of vegetation (trees and herbs) on its four sides and the surrounding terraced garden. The vegetation layer helps regulating indoor climate, reinforcing the load bearing structure, supplying food and at the same time creating an implied boundary between inside and outside.  

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

培训是由当地的人力资源(教师、学生、人员)创造的。

Toigetation is created by local human resources (teachers, students, people) & local materials (bamboo, brick, reused sewers) with simple construction method (dig/fill proportion of 1/1; handcraft methods: pin, tie, hang) which makes the structure anchored, tied to resist natural disasters. The project has fully natural ventilation and lighting. In addition, we also use solar panels for producing energy and reuse waste water and running water.

用户可以从项目、自然和当地社区之间的对话中学习和接受教育。建造方法将是有用的教材，如地质学和水文学(水)、物理(光扩散)、空气动力学(通风)、生物学(光合作用、蔬菜种植)、农业.这些都将影响到人民的未来行动，为当地生态平衡的发展和经济的稳定做出贡献。

Users can learn and be educated from the dialogue between the project, nature and local community. The construction methods would be useful teaching materials such as Geology and Hydrology (water), Physics (light diffusion), Aerodynamics (ventilation), Biology (photosynthesis, vegetable planting), Agriculture... All of these will affect the future actions of the people, contributing to the development of the local ecological balance and stable economy.

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

随着广泛的应用能力，来自全国各地的人可以在3周内自己快速建造一个玩具，花费3000美元。我们希望这项运动能大大改善越南的人权状况。

With the ability of wide application, people from across the country can quickly build a Toigetation by themselves within 3 weeks with 3000 USD cost. We hope the Toigetation could considerably improve human rights in Vietnam. 

 © Doan Thanh Ha

.Doan Thanh Ha

Architects H&P Architects

Location tt. Bảo Lạc, Bảo Lạc, Cao Bằng, Vietnam

Category Other Facilities

Architect in Charge Doan Thanh Ha, Tran Ngoc Phuong

Project Year 2014

Photographs Doan Thanh Ha