LAAFI Nursery School Albert Faus

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

架构师提供的文本描述。LAAFI村

Text description provided by the architects. LAAFI VILLAGE

这所幼儿园是构成布基纳法索第三城市库杜古文化中心的建筑之一。这一机制产生于将拉菲协会(布基纳法索、法国、西班牙)自2001年以来开展的大多数活动集中在一个地方的想法。该中心促进教育、培训、艺术生产和文化交流。

The nursery school is one of the buildings that make up the cultural center LE VILLAGE LAAFI of Koudougou, the third city of Burkina Faso. This facility arises with the idea of bringing together in one place most activities that Laafi association (Burkina, France, Spain) carries out since 2001. This center promotes education, training, artistic production and cultural exchange.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

学校在设计和建设上都遵循了自2009年初以来在村的实现中发展起来的基本标准。在空间层面，不同空间的布局对应于创建与该方案相称的建筑庭院的意图，这类似于该地区村庄传统房屋的正规化。在建筑方面，我们建议在受益人口的参与下，最大限度地利用当地的材料。

The school follows the basic criteria developed in the realization of VILLAGE since early 2009, both in the design and the construction. At the spatial level, the layout of the different volumes corresponds to the intention of creating courtyards that relate buildings proportionally to the program, in resemblance to the formalization of the traditional houses of the villages in the region. As for the construction, we propose the maximum use of local materials with participation of the beneficiary population.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

该项目的北面是行政大楼，由办公室、会议室和仓库的每一端封闭一卷组成，腾出中间空间作为多用途门廊，在那里开展活动，如食堂、室外教室或学生表演舞台。它与操场庭院有直接的关系，但也与村的其他地方有一些联系，特别是与邻近的运动场，因为围墙是用格子建造的。在这面墙的脚下是一张长凳，作为运动场的小看台建造。

To the north of the project is the administration building consisting of a volume closed at each end where the offices, meeting room and warehouse are located, freeing the intermediate space as a multipurpose porch where activities such as refectory, outdoor classroom or stage for student performances are carried out. It has a direct relationship to the playground courtyard but also has some links with the rest of the Village, especially with the adjacent sports court, as the enclosing wall is built with a lattice. At the foot of this wall is a bench, constructed as small grandstand for the sport area.

这幅作品的结构与教室不同，就像文化中心的第一座建筑向北，与学校的教室之间的过渡枢纽。因此，我们继续建设类型的红土石墙，顶部有一个带，混凝土和双金属屋顶。

The construction of this piece differs from the classroom, like a transition hinge between the first buildings of the cultural center, towards the north, and the classrooms of the school. Therefore we continue the constructive typology of laterite stone walls topped by a band concrete and double metal roof.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

教室布置在东西轴上，在整个文化中心的概念中开始了填充/空洞的节奏，力求使尽可能少的正面暴露在猛烈的风暴面前，并为庭院提供建造的空间。同样地，教室的尸体在场地的东面也被抵消了，在西边有免费的遮蔽空间，在那里种植了一套橡胶树，一年四季都在操场上遮荫。

The classrooms are arranged on the east-west axis and the rhythm of filled / voids initiated in the conception of the entire cultural center, seeking to expose the least facade possible to the violent storms, and provide the courtyards with the built spaces. Similarly the bodies of classrooms are offset to the east of the site, allowing free sheltered space to the west where a set of acacias are planted that shade the playground all year.

每个教室都有自己的庭院，成为室内空间的延伸，也是主题户外活动的场所。不同质地的地区是用沙砾、果树的天然树荫和11月至3月期间哈玛坦季节的暴雨或强风形成的保护区。

Each classroom has its own courtyard that becomes an extension of the interior space and it is where thematic outdoor activities take place. Areas of different textures are created with sand and gravel, natural shade from fruit trees and protected areas from the rain or strong winds of the harmattan season between November and March.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

这三间教室是通过入口走廊相连的，这是一个高出地面约30厘米的平台，将“私人”庭院区与共同活动区隔开。

The three classrooms are related through the entrance corridor, a platform raised about 30cm above ground level, which separates the "private" courtyard area from the common activities

浴室位于学校西面，沿南北轴线，垂直于盛行的东风，利用自然气流，永久通风这个开放的身体。屋顶被延长，并创造了前门廊的围护。

The bathroom block is laid out to the west of the school following the north-south axis, perpendicular to the prevailing eastern winds, to exploit the natural flow and ventilate permanently this open body. The roof is prolonged and creates the front porch of the enclosure.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

新建的围护墙受到挫折，与地产线分离，形成了学校和拉菲村的入口，留下了连接该设施与城市的外部大厅。

The newly built enclosure walls of the plot are setback and separated from the property line to generate the entrance to the school and the LAAFI Village, leaving an outer lobby that connects the facility to the city.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

建设性建议

CONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSAL

这所学校有两个不同的系统，一个在行政大楼，继承了在文化中心第一栋建筑中已经经历过的系统，另一个在教室里，这两个系统有很大的不同。这两者都是由于对乡土建筑传统的重新诠释而产生的，它们都是通过使用高性能材料来适应和改进的。

The school is built with two different systems, one in the Administration Building, heir to the system already experienced in the first buildings of the cultural center, and another in the classrooms which is substantially different. Both arise from the reinterpretation of vernacular building tradition, adapting and trying to improve it with the use of higher performance materials.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

这样做的目的是为了保护建筑物不受雨季强阳光和暴雨的影响。传统上，这种阴影是由一个支撑着相当厚度的稻草或泥土的原木结构形成的，如果屋顶是可行走的。典型的房屋通常由石和泥地基上的土坯承重墙组成，高天花板的木质原木填充着相同的材料-树枝或较小的树干-在斜坡上铺上一层厚厚的压实的土壤，保持室内凉爽，并通过木材或陶瓷石榴石迅速排出雨水。

The idea is to build a shade to protect the building from strong sunlight and heavy rains of the wet season. Traditionally this shadow is formed by a log structure supporting a significant thickness of straw or earth if the roof is walkable. The typical home is usually made of load bearing walls of adobe raised on stone and mud foundations, a higher ceiling of wooden logs with infill of the same material -branches or smaller trunks- on which a thick compacted layer of soil is laid out on a slope that keeps the interior cool and quickly evacuates rainwater through wood or ceramic gargoyles.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

行政建筑是由传统的制度建设而来的。由裸露的石头制成的砖墙-不像土坯那样容易被雨水侵蚀。用钢筋混凝土梁制成的天花板，取代目前保护的树干和用混凝土元件的模板再用的木板制成的木板，用抗白蚁油处理。在屋顶上，曾经用过的水泥袋床上的一张塑料布被填满了泥土并系好了。最后一层迫击炮通过折叠式金属通道撤离。建筑物的阴影，阳伞，是由一个双层结构的小柱，梁和金属管带顶部瓦楞纸镀锌铁。

The administration building is constructed by a system from tradition. Brick walls made of exposed stone -less vulnerable than the adobe to degradation by rainwater. Ceilings made of reinforced concrete beams replacing the currently protected tree trunks and wooden paneling made of reused boards from the formwork used for concrete elements, treated with anti termite oils. On the roof, a plastic sheet on a bed of cement bags that once used are filled with soil and tied. A final layer of mortar evacuates through a folded sheet metal channel. The shadow over the building, the parasol-umbrella, is made of a double deck structure of small columns, beams and metal tube straps topped with corrugated galvanized iron.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

对于教室容量，系统进行了修改。现在的立面是双层墙通风，外部层由裸露的石砖组成，防止雨水，以及构成内部承重层的土坯块的外部热辐射。屋顶靠在土墙上。内墙以传统的方式涂上灰泥、手工制作的粘土和石灰饰面。因为，有土墙的建筑很难保证白蚁不会进入屋顶的水平，导致一些木材板退化的风险。在这里，我们在龙骨上建造了一个8厘米厚的混凝土小板。在浇筑混凝土之前，我们放置了不同的陶瓷容器，这些陶器可以将蓄积在室内的热空气抽出来，就像在传统建筑洛比和古鲁尼一样。

For the classrooms volumes the system is modified. Now the facade is a double wall ventilated with the exterior layer made of exposed stone bricks, protecting from rainwater as well as external thermal radiation for the adobe blocks that make up the inner load-bearing layer. The roof rests on the walls of earth. The interior walls are coated in the traditional manner with plaster handmade clay and lime finish. Since, building with earth walls is very difficult to ensure that termites will not enter to the roof level, leading to some risk of degradation of the wood paneling. Here we construct a small concrete slab 8 cm thick on the joists. Prior to pouring the concrete, we put different ceramic vessels that allow extracting the hot air that accumulates indoors, as is still done in the traditional buildings Lobi and Gurunsi.

混凝土基础、褐石外墙和顶部金属屋顶将该项目的所有建筑物统一起来。

The concrete base, brownstone facades and the top metal roof unifies all the buildings of the project.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

PARTICIPATION

在库杜古市2008年捐赠给LAAFI协会的地块较低的地区，有一个社区，那里的家庭垃圾已经堆积多年。该协会的一批法国志愿人员、支持者和库杜古的一些组织成员在2009年底负责清理该地点。2010年，我们提出了学校项目，并为其实施寻求必要的资金。2011年夏天开始建造教室。

In the lower area of the plot that the city of Koudougou donated in 2008 to the LAAFI association, there was a neighborhood where household waste has accumulated for years had. A group of French volunteers supporters of the association and some members of the organization in Koudougou were responsible for cleaning the site in late 2009. In 2010 we proposed the school project and seeked the necessary funding for its implementation. In the summer of 2011 began the construction of the classrooms.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

大部分建筑是由18至25年的年轻砖石学徒团队完成的，他们都是LAAFI文化中心的邻居，一旦项目完成，他们就在他们的同胞中赢得了建筑石砌砖的盛名。来自邻近村庄的一群妇女也参与了这一过程，她们负责实现内墙的饰面，用手在土坯泥中涂上泥。

The bulk of the construction was carried out by a team of young masonry apprentices between 18 and 25 years, all neighbors of the LAAFI cultural center, who once the project was completed, won great reputation among their fellow citizens in building stone brickwork. A group of women from a neighboring village also participated in the process, they were responsible for the realization of the interior wall finishes, plastered in adobe clay by hand.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

SUSTAINABILITY

该项目产生的前提是，在能源、美学和功能层面上适合亚萨赫勒地区的具体环境。从设计上看，我们已经尝试积极地利用环境条件和当地材料。我们还寻求一个良好的整体能源平衡，在建设性的过程-提取材料，组装，废物处理，回收，.-在建筑物寿命的阶段。

The project arises from the premise of suiting the specific context of the sub-sahelian zone, at the energy, aesthetic and functional level. From the design we have tried to use environmental conditions and local materials positively. We have also sought a good overall energy balance in the constructive process -extraction of materials, assembling, waste treatment, recycling, ... - and in the phase of the life of the building.

这些材料是根据两个主要标准选择的：邻近性和遵循生物气候建造原则的标准和传统技术的恢复/升级。该项目的材料100%是当地的，它们都可以在该市找到，而且绝大多数是在布基纳法索制造的，而不是进口的。采石场有数以万计的红土砌块，为立面砌砖，距离工地约4公里，而制作阿多巴的泥土则在500多米处。

The materials have been selected according to two main criteria: proximity and those following bioclimatic building principles and recovery / upgrade of traditional techniques. 100% of the materials of the project are local, they can all be found in the city and the vast majority are made in Burkina Faso, not imported. The quarry from which are drawn tens of thousands of laterite blocks for making bricks for the facade is about 4km from the site and the earth for making adobes is from a little over 500 meters.

 Courtesy of Albert Faus

阿尔伯特·福斯

我们已计划尽量把建筑废物纳入学校的设计内。利用基坑开挖后的土，形成低层和环流区的内部底基。空的水泥袋里装满了泥土或雕刻石块所产生的红土废物。混凝土模板所需的木板，由于其质量不佳，通常经过几次使用后被丢弃，并在屋顶的施工中得到处理和重复使用。其他的作为教室的架子。桉树树干用来在现场支撑模板，用于为儿童建造一个门廊。屋面上的金属棒是按尺寸计算的，因此收缩最小，如果有任何碎片遗留下来，就很容易用在制造垃圾桶和一袋空水泥上。最后，围墙水泥砂浆墙一直留在学校的东侧，只是重建了对面的墙，因为它的布局是不正确的。拆除是为了重新使用通往填埋场的金属门，并在学校入口处拆除和涂漆，地面上一度水平的混凝土柱被用作普通活动的看台，碎砌块的瓦砾被制成混凝土作为围护墙的新一段。

We have planned to incorporate as much as possible the construction waste within the school design. The earth from the excavation of foundation trenches is used to form the interior subbase of the lower level and the circulation areas. Empty cement bags are filled with earth or with the lateritic waste generated by carving the stone blocks. The wooden boards necessary for concrete formwork, which is usually discarded after a couple of uses due to its poor quality, is treated and reused in the construction of the roof. Others served as shelves for the classrooms. The eucalyptus tree trunks used to strut the formwork on site are used for the construction of a porch for children. Metal rods in the roof are dimensioned so that the shrinkage is minimal, and if any piece was left over, it has easily been used in the manufacture of trash cans along with an empty bag of cement. Finally, the enclosure cement mortar wall has remained on the east side of the school, rebuilding only the opposite wall because its layout was incorrect. The demolition was made so that the metal door leading to the landfill has been reused, and once stripped and varnished has been placed at the entrance to the school, with concrete pillars once horizontally on the ground used as bleachers for the common activities, and the rubble of fragmented blocks has been made into concrete for a new section of the enclosure wall.