© Cengiz KARLIOVA

Caingiz Karliova

架构师提供的文本描述。KılıAli Pa a Hamam是1580年由总建筑师Sinan代表奥斯曼海军上将KılıAli Paşa在伊斯坦布尔托芬区建造的，是一个较大的“külliye”建筑群的一部分。作为奥斯曼帝国城市历史上一个独特时期的具体表现，KılıAli Paşa hamam不仅重新成为托芬尼地区公共空间的一部分，而且也是城市中以前被遗弃地区全面复兴的一部分。430年的层状材料和碎片，字面上是“防腐”表面和“掩埋”的结构，必须移除，以确定和恢复原来的西南建筑，从而使这座一级的历史纪念碑回到它的起源。

Text description provided by the architects. The Kılıç Ali Paşa Hamam was constructed in 1580 by Master Architect Sinan, on behalf of Ottoman Admiral Kılıç Ali Paşa as part of a larger ‘külliye’ complex, in the Tophane district of Istanbul. As the physical manifestation of a unique period in the historical harbor of the Ottoman imperial city, the Kılıç Ali Paşa hamam has become not only part of public space again in the Tophane area, but also part of an overall revitalization of a previously derelict area in the city. 430 years of layered materials and debris, literally ‘embalming’ the surfaces and ‘burying’ the structure, had to be removed in order to identify and restitute the original Sinan building, thus relinking this 1st degree historical monument back to its origins.

 Floor Plan

哈玛姆的建筑主要特点是其真实的砖石结构，领导屋顶的穹顶，并在内部使用天然石头。主要结构墙体、穹顶和拱门的破坏主要是由于水、霜、植被等的风化作用和缺乏养护所致。许多厚重的水泥、石膏、沥青和瓷砖已经取代了大部分原来的铅包层，严重损坏了16世纪的砖块。这种不自然的重量破坏了建筑物的结构完整性，导致不对称沉降，从而使它更容易受到多次地震的破坏性影响。

The architecture of the Hamam is mostly characterized by its authentic masonry construction, lead roof cladding on the domes, and use of natural stone on the interior. Damage of the main structural walls, domes and arches was mainly due to the weathering effects of water, frost, vegetation and lack of maintenance. Many heavy layers of cement, plaster, bitumen and tiles had replaced most of the original lead-cladding and severely damaged the 16th-century brickwork. This unnatural weight destroyed the building’s structural integrity, led to asymmetric settling and thus made it more susceptible to the damaging effects of numerous earthquakes.

 © Ahmet ERTUG

c.Ahmet Ertug

该项目结合了定制的建筑技术，如传统的石匠，木工和领导屋顶的做工，以及使用原始建筑材料，以保持结构的原始特征。定制砖，传统装饰品，特殊窗户和独特的“赫拉萨尼”砂浆混合物是专门为这座建筑设计和生产的。

This project incorporates custom construction techniques, such as traditional stonemasonry, woodworking and lead roof-workmanship, as well as the use of original building materials to preserve the original character of the structure. Custom-made bricks, traditional ornaments, special windows and the unique ‘horasani’ mortar mixture were designed and produced specifically for this building.

 Restoration Floor Plan

恢复楼面平面图

在哈玛姆的新建筑和新材料方面，现代设计和新旧美学兼容是关键，例如在后花园新增服务时使用的锌包层和钢结构。原有的蓄水和采暖空间，在不破坏原有建筑的情况下，利用新的机电设备，相应地改造为现代技术中心。自然通风是用来将旧的空气交换到外面，并在建筑物内流通新鲜空气。在主穹顶顶部的天窗允许用过的空气上升和流动，从而迫使凉爽的外部空气被自然地通过较低地区的窗户开口进入建筑物。

In terms of new constructions and materials used in the Hamam, contemporary design and aesthetic compatibility of new and old was key, such as the zinc cladding and steel construction used in the new service addition in the back garden. The former water storage and original heating space is correspondingly converted into the modern technical center utilizing new mechanical and electrical installations without damaging the original architecture. Natural ventilation is used for the exchange of used air to the outside and circulation of fresh air within the building. The skylight on top of the main dome of the camegah allows used air to rise and flow out, thus forcing cool outside air to be drawn into the building naturally through window openings in the lower areas.

 © Cengiz KARLIOVA

Caingiz Karliova

几个世纪以来，在主穹顶下的入口处发生了巨大的空间变形。在16世纪的室内，只有石质的divan平台靠在墙壁上，游客可以坐在那里，把衣服挂在钩子上，洗澡后放松一下。随着时间的推移，对私人场所服装和物品的需求影响了室内建筑。木料更衣室的增加，最终达到了一个完整的两层木建筑建于20世纪50年代，隐藏了内墙和建筑细节。

Great spatial deformation happened over the centuries inside the entrance-dressing space underneath the main dome. In the 16th-century interior, there were only stone divan platforms set against the walls where visitors would sit, hang their clothes on hooks and relax after bathing. Over time, demand for private places to dress and leave belongings influenced the interior architecture. Wooden dressing rooms were added, finally culminating in a full two-storey wood construction built in the 1950’s, concealing the interior walls and architectural details.

 © Ahmet ERTUG

c.Ahmet Ertug

在这个项目的一个关键决定是恢复原来的西南时期的空间经验下的主要穹顶，删除这些占主导地位的20世纪的补充。在一楼，石平台现在完全可见，并配备了座位和放松的区域，从而恢复了活跃的社会功能，由厨房和服务功能的角落。一个尊敬的阁楼，由坚实的橡木和住房私人更衣室是在上面的特色。

A crucial decision in this project was to recover the original Sinan period spatial experience underneath the main dome by removing these dominant 20th century additions. On the ground floor, the stone platforms are now fully visible and outfitted with seating and relaxing areas, thus regaining their lively social function, supported by kitchenette and service functions in the corners. A respectful mezzanine floor, built of solid oak and housing private dressing areas is featured above.

 Restoration Section

恢复科

最后，KılıAli Paşa Hamam展示了一个整体思考的成功案例，它考虑的是整个建筑，而不仅仅是评估单个元素。KılıAli Paş从未偏离科学方法论，汇聚了各个科学领域的专家(艺术和建筑历史学家、考古学家、化学家)，它成功地揭露了一件原始的西南文作品，并将一座令人愉悦的奥斯曼纪念碑带入了当代文化的聚光灯下。

Finally, the Kılıç Ali Paşa Hamam shows a successful case of holistic thinking, considering the building as a whole, rather than just assessing individual elements. Never veering away from scientific methodology and bringing together specialists of various scientific fields (art and architectural historians, archaeologists, chemists), the Kılıç Ali Paşa restoration has succeeded in exposing an original Sinan piece and has brought a delightful Ottoman monument into the contemporary cultural spotlight.

 © Ergin IREN

(Ergin Iren)

Architects Cafer Bozkurt Architecture

Location Tophane, 34200 Beyoğlu/İstanbul, Turkey

Category Restoration

Project Team Sibel OZKARS, Architect, Defne BOZKURT, Architect, Archaeologist, Hasan YIRMIBESOGLU, Architect, Vedat KAYA, Draughtsman

Area 935.0 sqm

Project Year 2011

Photographs Cengiz KARLIOVA, Ahmet ERTUG, Ergin IREN, Sibel OZKARS