© Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

架构师提供的文本描述。烈士局在过去几年对公园的完整性表示关切之后，埃米尔办事处(科威特埃米尔·迪万)于2012年恢复了在纪念战争烈士的国家庆祝活动和节日中使用Al Shaheed公园。纪念“科威特宪法五十周年”的纪念碑是重建的第一个行动，随后是一个广泛的公共建筑项目，包括两个博物馆、停车场、游客中心、一个湖泊和一个旧公园的一个鸟笼。重新设计的过程是由这一未完成项目的先例战略价值所决定和强烈影响的，主要是通过对彼得和艾莉森史密森几年前(1969-75年)关于同一领域的建议的工具理解。

Text description provided by the architects. After the concerns raised by the Martyrs’ Bureau regarding the integrity of the park during the last years, the Emir Office (Kuwait Amiri Diwan) reclaimed, in 2012, the use of the Al Shaheed Park for national celebrations and festivals under the memory of war martyrs. The monument to celebrate the “golden jubilee of Kuwait Constitution” was the first action towards the reconversion, followed by a broad program of public buildings, including two Museums, Car Park, Visitor Centre, a lake and an Aviary for the old Park. The re-design process was determined and strongly affected by the precedent strategic value of this unfinished project, mainly through the instrumental understanding of Peter and Alison Smithson’s proposal for the same area years before (1969-75).

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

该景观建议使用现有的电网，由地下设施和现有的树木组成，将所有规划的室外和室内活动-即建筑物-分发给人们，这些活动将被转换成土堆，这将考虑到声学研究-噪声保护-以及周围环境的视觉影响。在更大的程度上，这个栅格将是一个中等气候缓解风，噪音，灰尘和太阳的方向。它产生的参考资料能够识别现有的公园界限和树木、地下服务、宪法纪念碑和麦加方向，并通过三条道路-埃米尔径、游客径和慢跑跑道-提供所有拟议要素之间的联系。

The landscape proposal uses an existing grid, made of underground services and existing trees, that will distribute all the programmatic outdoor and indoor events – the buildings – that will be then converted into mounds due to a consideration of the acoustic studies – the noise protection - and the visual impact of the surrounding. At a larger degree this grid will be a medium climate mitigating wind, noise, dust and sun orientation. It generates a referential that is able to recognize the existing Park limits and trees, underground services, the Constitution Monument and Mecca orientation, as well as providing connections between all proposed elements through three pathways – the Emir path, visitors path and jogging track.

 Demolition and Protection General Plan

拆卸及保护总图

 Floor Plan

人工湖和地下停车场所固有的土壤体积及其运输和储存(方案要求)确定了超越规范的机会，并为设计建筑物的基本要素提供了建筑资源。市政总署对建造计划的批准是明确的，因此重新提出不能在绿化带地面上建造任何一栋建筑物的论点，所有拟议中的建筑物都淹没在种植的土壤中。在科威特更大的地区引入广泛的绿色屋顶的可能性，将成为一个挑战，类似于1953年在科威特建造的第一座现代建筑-舒韦克发电厂和海水淡化厂-使用混凝土和钢结构。

The volume of soil, its transport and storage, innate to the artificial lake and underground car park (program requirements), identified the opportunities to transcend the norm and provide the architectural resources to design the buildings’ fundamental elements. The permission of the Municipal Council was clear regarding the built program, reclaiming the argument that no single building could be erected from the Green Belt grounds, therefore, all proposed buildings are submerged under planted soil.  The possibility of introducing extensive green roofs for larger areas in Kuwait will become a challenge similar to the use of concrete and steel structure for the construction of the Shuwaik Power Station and Desalinization Plant in 1953, first modern structures built in Kuwait.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

生境博物馆，阿拉伯文“Mathaf AlMawten”，是一个长沙丘，种植着当地植物，靠近花园小径，覆盖展览画廊、图书馆、实验室、办公室、自助餐厅、书店和一个儿童学习中心。从地下停车场的绿色屋顶，土壤下降到地下进入博物馆的较低层，掩埋与单一结构的空置框架向盐碱地和沙漠峡谷。

The Habitat Museum, 'Mathaf AlMawten' in arabic, is a long sand dune planted with native plants that moves into proximity with the garden paths and covers the exhibition galleries, library, laboratory, offices, cafeteria, bookshop and a children learning centre. From the underground car park green roof, the soil drops under the ground to access the museum’s lower level, buried with single structure vacant frames towards the saline depression and desert canyon.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

旧的阿尔沙希德公园的主要元素，喷泉和竞技场，被一万二千立方米的湖泊所取代。根据埃米尔·迪万提出的灌溉用水自主要求，湖泊的水容量将决定植被和种植能力的限制。这位景观设计师从早期开始就热衷于淡化连续性和统一性，以及国家的本土景观。土壤运动有助于沿着公园重建科威特的一段景观，从北部的沙漠高原和泉水到南部的绿洲，包括盐碱地和相思林地。新湖两侧的游人中心和行政大楼都是庭院式建筑的暂定译文。

The old Al Shaheed Park’s dominant elements, the fountain and amphitheater, were replaced by the twelve thousand cubic meter lake. The water capacity of the lake will determine a limit to the vegetation and plantation capacity of this reconversion responding to the Amiri Diwan’s request for irrigation water autonomy. The landscape architect was from the early moments interested in understating continuity and unity along with the native landscape of the country. The soil movement was there instrumental to recreate along the park a section of Kuwait’s landscape, from the desert plateau and springs in the north to the oasis of the south, including saline depressions and Acacia woodlands. Flanking the new lake, both the Visitors Centre and the Administration Building, are tentative translations of the courtyard building type.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

在游客中心，地面被降低-80厘米以下的花园水平，并开放了两个方向，允许交叉通风的空气和它的冷却运动时，通过建筑物连接到内部露台。这座建筑在设计阶段的规划不稳定，在核心周围产生了一系列的附加物，几乎就像一座旧的城镇别墅及其后来的增建物。这一过程产生的大量土地将在地形和体积上确定土丘的构成-土壤覆盖所有附件。

In the Visitors Centre, the ground is lowered -80cm under the garden level, and opened in two directions allowing the cross ventilation of air and its cooling movement through the building when connected to the internal patio. The programmatic instability of this building during the design stage generated a series of additions around the core, almost as an old town villa with its later additions. The mass resulting out of this process will define the constitution of the mound in its topography and volume - the soil is covering all annexes.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

在花园的另一端，朝着老沙阿布门，战火烈士博物馆收回了“建筑保护语言：在提供城市中的‘绿洲’的底层”，这是科威特建筑文化的根深蒂固之处，因为彼得和艾莉森在1970年为科威特各部委办公室的“示范性建筑”中把它列入了学科的当代议程。新博物馆的定义是，在塔顶上有一个免费的屋顶，“平面图是根据一片枣棕榈树树干的规则绘制出来的”，其中包含了从展览馆到餐厅、办公室和研究中心的建筑的不同规划尺寸。在楼板下，皮诺蒂斯在大楼外扩张，成为一个新棕榈树树林的树干，它将带你穿过35年战争期间建造的一条地下通道，到达城市的旧墙门。

On the opposite end of the garden, towards the old Sha’ab Gate, the museum of war martyrs reclaims the “architectural language of protection: at the ground level of providing an ‘oasis’ of shade in the city” ingrained in Kuwait building culture since Peter and Alison brought it in the discipline contemporary agenda with the 1970 “demonstration mat-building” for the Kuwait Ministries Offices. The new museum is defined by a free roof on top of pilotis “plan drawn through the regularity of the trunks in a grove of date palms” that contain the different programmatic dimensions of the building divided in pavilions, from the exhibition gallery to the cafeteria, offices and research centre. Under the slab the pilotis expand outside the building as the trunks of a new palms grove that will lead you to the city’s old wall gate through an under-passage built during ‘those years of war’35.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

棕榈林的界限是由一个保留“城墙花园”的系统来定义的，不是波斯式的，而是葡萄牙的三维砖块，这些砖块经常移动到场地的几何图形附近，允许有许多人行横道。这些保留元素在定义建筑物的内部表面时，包括厕所、祈祷室和其他服务设施，供博物馆和周围花园使用。“脸”的“脸”，这些‘画廊’，也定义了建筑的循环“有玻璃墙，是自动遮阳和横向空气运动冷却”。

The limit of the palms grove is defined by a system of retaining “rampart gardens” cladded, not in Persian- type tiles, but with Portuguese three dimensional tiles that move sufficiently often into proximity with the geometry of the site limits allowing a number of pedestrian paths. These retaining elements when defining the internal faces of the building contain toilets, prayer rooms and other service facilities that are shared between the use of the museum and the surrounding garden. “The ‘faces’ to” these ‘gallerias’ that define also the building circulation “have glass walls which are self shaded and cooled by transverse air movement”.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

在花园的最低谷和最凉爽的地方，游客将被引导穿过地下通道，走向一个圆形剧场-旧城大门“独立广场”，那里的墙壁仍然是贴着瓷砖的城墙花园，椅子可以随身携带，偶尔会碰面或大型表演。观众坐在较低的舞台之间，不受阳光和周围道路噪音的影响，而坐在较高的站台之间，旧大门就站在四街前面。在较低的一级，下一条通往南方的隧道表明有可能与进一步延长埃米尔·迪万再转换计划相联系，这是一种“体育广场”，这是一个多用途的领域，可以起到挑逗作用，使青年人口参与体育和创业活动。

At the lowest and coolest point of the garden the visitor will be guided through the underpass towards an amphitheater, the old city gate “maidan”, where the walls are still rampart gardens with tiles, and the chairs are portable for occasional encounters or major performances. The audience sits between the lower stage, protected from the sun and surrounding roads’ noise, and the higher platform where the old gate stands in front of Sour Street. At the lower level the next tunnel towards the south indicates the possibility to connect with a further extension of the Amiri Diwan reconversion plans, a the sort of “Sports Maidan”, a multipurpose field that can function as a teaser to engage the young population in sports and entrepreneurship.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

Al Shaheed Park再转换计划赞同1969年的提议，即A P Smithson在1982年威尼斯双年展上发表的声明：“1951年后的这座城市没有历史场所；高架人行道系统在科威特提供了‘可去的地方’：(.)这些将是明确的访问地点“，但它并不局限于一个单一的假设、有限的范围或战术干预。相反，公共建筑项目的多样性及其与城市多个层面的关系有可能影响整个项目的更大的战略构想。

The Al Shaheed Park reconversion scheme shares with the 1969 proposal the statement delivered by A+P Smithson in the Venice 1982 Biennale: “the post 1951 city is devoid of historic place; a system of elevated walkways offered ‘a place to go’ in Kuwait: (...) these would be definite places to visit”, but it does not confine on a single assumption, limited scope or tactical intervention. Instead, the multiplicity of public building programs and its relation with the city’s multiple dimensions have the potential to affect a larger strategic conception of the project as a whole.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

这个公园的每一个重建项目都必须被理解为一个精心策划的行动计划，有着精确的正式和社会目标。这些都是埃米尔·迪万综合项目的组成部分，该项目旨在促使全国公民参与城市公共空间，而不是私人拥有的购物中心“画廊”。今天，这一更大的概念为埃米尔办公室的实践和社会政策提供了依据。

Each of the building programs inserted in this Park reconversion must be read as a carefully staged plan of action with precise formal and social objectives. These are components of a comprehensive project of the Amiri Diwan to instigate the participation of national citizens in the city’s public space beyond the private owned shopping malls ‘gallerias’. Today, this larger conception informs the Emir Office’s practice and social policies.

 © Nelson Garrido

尼尔森·加里多

Architects Ricardo Camacho

Location Shuhada Park, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Category Museum

Project Year 2014

Photographs Nelson Garrido