© John Horner

约翰·霍纳

架构师提供的文本描述。新的Tozzer人类学大楼占地3.5万平方英尺，是一座现有的图书馆大楼，内有教职员和研究生办公室、图书馆、教室和研讨会空间，并为邻近的博物馆提供便利。该大楼位于神殿对面、大学博物馆中心的尽头神殿大道上。一座由皮博迪考古和民族学博物馆和哈佛自然历史博物馆组成的大型庭院建筑。这两座建筑都在国家历史古迹名录上。

Text description provided by the architects. The new Tozzer Anthropology Building is a 35,000 square foot transformation of an existing library building which houses faculty and graduate student offices, a library, classroom and seminar spaces, and provides accessibility to an adjacent museum complex.  The building is located at the end Divinity Avenue across the Street from Divinity Hall and in the middle of University Museum, a large courtyard building made up of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Harvard Museum of Natural History.  Both buildings are on the National Register of Historic Places. 

这所大学的人类学系由考古学和社会人类学组成，被安置在两个限制两个项目之间的社会互动的建筑中。随着图书馆馆藏的巩固，哈佛大学试图将社会人类学的行政办公室和教学空间搬到新的大楼中，将其与考古学直接连接起来，从而将这些项目统一在一个屋檐下。并呼吁为合作和参与提供慷慨的社会空间。

The university’s Anthropology Department, made up by Archaeology and Social Anthropology, had been housed in two buildings limiting social interaction between the two programs.  With the consolidation of library holdings, Harvard University sought to unify the programs under one roof by moving Social Anthropology’s administration offices and teaching spaces into the new building, connecting it directly to Archaeology, and calling for generous social spaces for collaboration and engagement.

 © John Horner

约翰·霍纳

项目设计

Project Design

现代主义时代的大学建筑正在美国各地老化，因为过时的建筑是建立在建筑规范的基础上的，不能满足当代的建筑要求，抗震，以及能源需求。与此同时，大学不能忽视构成这些建筑的具体能源和材料。Tozzer人类学大楼通过重新利用现有建筑的地基、校园基础设施、钢和混凝土结构，改变了约翰逊和霍德维德1971年托泽图书馆(Tozzer Library)的公众形象和项目。新的集合增加了29%的可用SF与铜屋顶体积，旋转捕捉日光，并加强了建筑物的阅读作为一个亭子在皮博迪庭院。

Modernist era university buildings are aging across America due to outdated construction that was based on building codes that cannot meet contemporary envelope, seismic, and energy requirements.  At the same time universities cannot dismiss the embodied energy and materials that make up these buildings.   The Tozzer Anthropology Building transforms the public presence and programs of Johnson and Hotveld’s 1971 Tozzer Library by re-using the existing building’s foundation, campus infrastructure connections, and steel and concrete structure. The new massing increases usable SF by 29% with a copper roof volume, which rotates to capture daylight and strengthens a reading of the building as a pavilion in the Peabody Courtyard.

该项目的集中战略增加了两层新建筑的大铜屋顶体积，旋转捕捉日光为一个大的内部光井，内部程序旋转。外面的门廊把大楼和神仙大道隔开了，一条使用了DIS的隧道禁止进入院子。这一设计在神圣大道上创造了一个公共入口，在大厅、外部庭院和皮博迪博物馆藏品之间建立了一种新的公共联系。这种集合加强了人们对Tozzer人类学建筑作为皮博迪庭院(Peabody Courtyard)展馆的独立解读。新的设计包括新的景观元素和皮博迪庭院的等级，以及考古照片和工艺品的设计整合。

The project’s massing strategy adds two stories of new construction under a large copper roof volume, which rotates to capture daylight for a large internal light well around which the internal programs revolve.   An exterior porch had separated the building from Divinity Avenue, and a dis-used tunnel prohibited access to the courtyard. The design creates a public entry on Divinity Avenue, which establishes a new public connection between the lobby, the exterior courtyard and the Peabody Museum Collections.  The massing strengthens a more independent reading of the Tozzer Anthropology building as a pavilion in the Peabody Courtyard. The new design includes new landscape elements and grading of the Peabody Courtyard as well as the design integration of archeological photographs and artefacts.

 © John Horner

约翰·霍纳

1971年的三层砖包不能重复使用，因为模具和蒸汽屏障的问题，在原来的建设。金属丝切割的“铁烧砖”为主建筑提供了纹理，而入口展馆则采用了精确、光滑的饰面-一种“厚厚的”、以数字方式雕刻的砖块体积，它使用并改造了当代的6“砖贴面空腔墙结构。在新的入口展馆，该设计发明了一个数字堆叠和实心砖的细节。通过设计，每个砖块单元都与入口亭的整体形式紧密相连。使用专门为该项目创建的软件，数字砖块拼装在许多原型中进行了数字和经验性测试。数字“护栏”按课程进行三维建模，然后由当地的石匠模仿。这座30英尺的砖头入口没有控制接头，也没有缓解角度，只有一个定制的松散连接架，位于挂起的砖头天花板上方。每一个砖块课程都是从下面的课程中，按照整体建筑几何学，创造出一个独特的模式，它是派生出来的-并且只能与-这个特定的聚集形式一起工作。

The 1971 three-story brick envelope could not be re-used due to mold and vapor barrier problems in the original construction. A wire cut ‘iron burnt brick provides texture for the main building while a precise smoother finish is used for the entry pavilion-- a ‘thick’, digitally sculpted volume of brick, that uses and transforms a contemporary 6” brick veneer cavity wall construction.  At the new entry pavilion, the design invents a digitally stacking and corbelled brick detail. Each brick unit is tied, by design, to the overall global form of the entry pavilion’s massing. Using software created specifically for this project, the digital brick corbelling was tested digitally and empirically in numerous prototypes. The digital ‘corbel’ was 3D modelled course by course then mocked-up by local masons. The 30' brick entry has no control joints or relieving angles, just one custom-designed loose lintel set above the hung brick ceiling.  Each brick course is shifted from the course below following the overall building geometry, creating a unique pattern that is derived form –and could only work with-- this specific massing form. 

 © John Horner

约翰·霍纳

主建筑被“薄”的砖带包裹，这些砖带代表了现有的板子，新的砖封套被松开了。垂直伸缩缝在楼层之间交错，而水平膨胀节则出现在凹进的Solider课程后面。结构玻璃突出的窗户滑过‘薄’砖封套和对齐，以提供从图书馆到庭院的大视图。与“厚”和“薄”的发挥，设计创造了一个真实的砖材料表达，反映了当代建筑和地标标有“皮博迪博物馆”的分层砖。

The main building is wrapped by ‘thin’ taught brick bands which express the existing slab, off which the new brick envelop is relieved. Vertical expansion joints are staggered between floor levels while horizontal expansion joints occur behind recessed solider courses.  The structurally-glazed projecting windows slide past the ‘thin’ brick envelop and align to provide large views from Library to Courtyard. With a play of “thick” and “thin”, the design creates an authentic brick material expression that reflects contemporary construction and the layered brick of the Landmarked Peabody Museum.

 © John Horner

约翰·霍纳

与大学和人类学学院、工作人员和图书馆员合作，KVA设计小组开发了智能教室、学院空间、教员办公室和更新的人类学图书馆，以存放托泽人类学藏品。新的计划是围绕着一个扭转的中央光，在一个增强型的新桦木板系统，反射光和吸收声音很好地包覆。办公室、教室和非正式聚会场所围绕着这一“居住空间”，这为建筑带来了阳光，并在楼层之间建立了视觉关系。作为一种创新的节能通风系统的一部分，轻井循环回火空气.Tozzer人类学大楼最近完成，并已获得LEED黄金认证。

Working with University and Anthropology Faculty, Staff and Librarians, the KVA design team developed smart classrooms, collegial spaces, faculty offices and a renewed Anthropology Library to house the Tozzer anthropology collections. The new program is organized around a torqued central light well clad in an augment new birch wood panel system which reflects light and absorbs sound. Offices, classrooms and informal gathering places ring this “living space”, which brings daylight into the building, and creates visual relationships between floor levels. The light well circulates tempered air as part of an innovative energy-saving ventilation system. The Tozzer Anthropology building was recently completed and has received LEED Gold certification.

 © John Horner

约翰·霍纳

Architects Kennedy & Violich Architecture

Location 21 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States

Category University

Managing Principal Frano Violich FAIA

Principal Consulting on Design Sheila Kennedy AIA

Area 35000.0 ft2

Project Year 2014

Photographs John Horner

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