结构工程AKT II，伦敦，英国；Hanif Kara；Edward Wilkes地方结构工程项目，米兰SORC工程

Structural Engineering AKT II, London, UK; Hanif Kara; Edward Wilkes Local Structural Engineering Projecta, Milan Sorc Engineering & Consulting Freeapproved, Anze Cokl Realization & onsite Coordination PD Ljubljana Matica, Slovenia; Matevz Jerman; Davor Rozman Façade – öko skin Rieder Smart Elements, Austria; Wolfgang Rieder; Matthias Kleibel Glazing Guardian, USA; Domen Komac Bivouac maintainance representatives Matevz Jerman; Davor Rozman Principal Contractor Permiz d.o.o., Slovenia; Bostjan Perme Anchors and Fixation Hilti, Slovenia Thermal and fire safe insulations ROCKWOOL stone wool Site Preparation and Construction Team Alpinist section PD Ljubljana Matica, Visinska dela Orti; Team: Matevz Jerman, Jernej Ortar, Blaz Ortar, Davor Rozman, Natasa Vodopivec, Matevz Kastrin, Boris Mance, Boris Bokavsek, Luka Klemencic, Ziga Asic, Jernej Knop, Anze Klaric, Uros Grilj, Marko Granda, Boštjan Oblak Helicopter Flights Slovenian Army - Tomaz Perse, Primoz Pintar, Andrej Groselj, Peter Smrkolj; Support at Installation: Mountain Rescue Association of Slovenia, GRZS - Brane Zorz, Tadej Mrak, Bojan Goli Client PD Ljubljana Matica Manufacturers Loading... More Specs Less Specs

 Existing Site. Image Courtesy of OFIS Architects

现有场地。Ofis建筑师的形象礼貌

该项目由哈佛大学设计研究生院的建筑设计工作室开发，由Ofis的Rok阿曼和Spela Videcnik领导。2014年秋季，13名学生的工作室面临着设计一个创新但实用的庇护所以满足极端高山气候需求的挑战。受斯洛文尼亚本土建筑及其丰富多样的建筑遗产的启发，学生们提出了符合各种场地条件、物质考虑和方案关切的12项建议，并对其进行了分类。

The project developed from an architectural design studio at the Harvard Graduate School of Design led by Rok Oman and Spela Videcnik from OFIS. In fall 2014, studios of thirteen students were facing the challenges of designing an innovative yet practical shelter to meet the needs of the extreme alpine climate. Inspired by the vernacular architecture of Slovenia with its rich and diverse architectural heritage, the students produced twelve proposals meeting various site conditions, material considerations, and programmatic concerns were produced and cataloged.

 Volume Modelling Diagram

体积建模图

 Functional Program Diagram

功能程序图

山区的极端气候条件给建筑师、工程师和设计师带来了设计挑战。

The extreme climatic conditions in the mountains introduce a design challenge for architects, engineers and designers.

在环境力量极度危险的情况下，设计能够抵御极端天气、剧烈温度变化和崎岖地形的建筑是很重要的。对环境条件作出反应不仅是一种保护措施，而且也是一个直接的生命安全问题。恶劣的风、雪、山崩、地形和天气条件要求对特定的建筑形式和概念设计作出反应。

Within a context of extreme risk to environ­mental forces, it is important to design buildings that can withstand extreme weather, radical temperature shifts, and rugged terrain. Responding to envi­ronmental conditions is not only a protective measure, but also translates into a matter of immediate life safety. The harsh conditions of wind, snow, landslides, terrain, and weather require a response of specific architectural forms and conceptual designs.

 Existing Site. Image Courtesy of OFIS Architects

现有场地。Ofis建筑师的形象礼貌

 © Andrej Gregoric

安德烈日·格雷戈里

在1985年8月在特里格拉夫上安放阿尔贾兹塔120周年后，这座新的掩体被安置在卡姆尼克阿尔卑斯山的斯库塔山下。它正在替换一座50岁的宿营地，这座宿营地以前就在工地上。

120 years after the installation of Aljaz Tower in August of 1985 on Triglav*, this new shelter was placed below Mountain Skuta in Kamnik Alps. It is replacing a 50 year old bivouac that had previously been on the site.

野营是一种代表人类基本需要的物体，是一种栖身之所。它是避难所的象征。外部形态和材料的选择是为了应对极端的山区条件，也为更大的景观提供意见。

The bivouac is an object that represents a basic human necessity, a shelter. It is a symbol of refuge. The outer form and choice of materials were chosen to respond the extreme mountain conditions, and also provide views to the greater landscape.

 © Janez Martincic

c.Janez Martincic

它在荒野中的地位要求尊重自然资源，因此必须以一种轻而坚定的方式满足地面，以确保住所牢固地锚固，同时对地面产生最小的影响。此外，需要用一种高电阻材料实现外壳，并与里德尔薄玻璃纤维Ko皮混凝土元件合作，使其能够满足美学、材料质量和能够承受特别恶劣的天气条件的所有要求。

Its position within the wilderness requires respect for natural resources, therefore must meet the ground in a light and firm manner to ensure the shelter is strongly anchored while having a minimal impact on the ground. In addition, the outer shell needed to be realised with a highly resistant material and in collaboration with Rieder  thin glass fibre öko skin concrete elements  were able to meet all the requirements of aesthetics, material quality and the challenge of being able to withstand especially rigorous weather conditions.

 Furniture Axon

家具轴

室内设计要求谦逊，完全从属于为8名登山者提供住所的功能。

The design of the interior dictates modesty, totally subordinate to the function of the shelter providing accommodation for up to eight mountaineers.

根据传统的高寒建筑、建筑元素、建筑材料、结构和形式，选取了由弗雷德里克·金、凯蒂·麦克唐纳和艾琳·佩莱格里诺组成的高寒建筑设计方案。在本学期结束后，Ofis建筑师和结构工程师AKT将继续开发和调整该表格，以适应给定的地点，响应来自登山者、Anze Cokl、米兰SORC和其他工程师的进一步投入，并在整个实现规划阶段领导该项目。

Informed by traditional alpine architecture, building elements, materials, structure and form, the design scheme by students Frederick Kim, Katie MacDonald and Erin Pellegrino was selected. After conclusion of the academic semester, OFIS architects and structural engineers  AKT ll continued to and develop and adapt the form to the given site, responding to further input from the mountaineers, Anze Cokl, Milan Sorc and other engineers and lead the project throughout the realization planning phase.

 Carriage and Location Diagram

运输和定位图

 Construction Process. Image Courtesy of OFIS Architects

施工过程。Ofis建筑师的形象礼貌

该设计由三个模块组成，部分是为了便于传输，也是为了以编程方式划分空间。第一种是专用于入口处、储藏室和狭小的空间来准备食物。第二种是为睡眠和社交提供空间，而第三种则是一个双层床睡眠区。两边的窗户都能看到山谷和斯库塔山的美丽全景。

The design consists of three modules, in part to allow for transport and also to programmatically divide the space. The first is dedicated to the entrance, storage and a small space for the preparation of food. The second one provides space for both, sleeping and socializing while the third features a bunk sleeping area. Windows at both ends offer beautiful panoramic views of the valley and Skuta Mountain. 

 © Janez Martincic

c.Janez Martincic

由于安装过程的性质，庇护所被设计成一系列的模块，以便能够部分地带到山上。整个原型都是在车间以外的地方建造的。这些模块被规划成一系列健壮的框架，然后在现场将其支撑在一起，提供一个易于管理的安装和较少的侵入性基础。为了保持山区尽可能不受干扰，模块被固定在战略位置的销钉连接上，这也是现场的基础。玻璃是一个三层玻璃系统，已经计算，以承受预计的强风和雪负荷。Ljubljana Matica警察局在Matevz Jerman的指挥下安装了营地，在斯洛文尼亚武装部队和卢布尔雅那山区救援服务队的指挥下进行了直升机运输。整个运输安装过程在一天内完成。

Due to the nature of the installation process, the shelter was designed as a series of modules so that it could be brought to the mountain in parts. The entire prototype was constructed off-site in the workshop. The modules were planned as a series of robust frames, which would then be braced together onsite providing a manageable installation and a less invasive foundation. In order to keep the mountain site as undisturbed as possible, the modules are fastened onto strategically placed pin connections, which also act as the foundation on the site. The glass is a triple pane system that has been calculated to withstand to the projected strong wind and snow loads. Installation of the bivouac was carried out by PD Ljubljana Matica under the direction of Matevz Jerman, helicopter transport while the Slovenian Armed Forces and a team of Mountain Rescue Service - station Ljubljana. The whole transportation and installation process was carried out in one day.

 © Andrej Gregoric

安德烈日·格雷戈里

虽然野营规模很小，但该项目需要60多名参与者的大量努力和规划，他们大多是志愿人员和赞助者。大家都会同意，虽然面积很小，但它的要求不亚于任何大型建筑工程。然而，这一小规模项目的所有努力和规划都是为了将山区的记忆、精神和文化作为斯洛文尼亚人的一个特殊场所。希望野营将成为所有需要它的登山者的避难所，通过他们的照顾和关注，野营将在许多年内继续这样做。

Although the scale of the bivouac is small, the project required a lot of effort and planning from over sixty participants who were mostly volunteers and sponsors. All would agree that, despite the small size, it was no less demanding than any large building project. However, all of the effort and planning for this small scale project is meant to keep the memory, spirit and culture of the mountains as a special place for Slovenians. The hope is that the bivouac will serve as a shelter for all of the climbers who need it, and that through their care and attention the bivouac will continue to do so for many years.

 © Anze Cokl

C.Anze Cokl

 Detailed Floor Plan

详细平面图

*斯洛文尼亚最高的山峰和朱利安阿尔卑斯山的最高山峰。这座山是斯洛文尼亚民族的杰出象征.这是特里格拉夫国家公园的中心，这是斯洛文尼亚唯一的国家公园。

* The highest mountain in Slovenia and the highest peak of the Julian Alps. The mountain is the pre-eminent symbol of the Slovene Nation. It is the centerpiece of the Triglav National Park, Slovenia's only national park.

Architects AKT II, Harvard GSD Students, OFIS Architects

Location Skuta, 4206 Zgornje Jezersko, Slovenia

Category Cabins & Lodges

Architects in Charge Rok Oman, OFIS architects; Spela Videcnik, OFIS architects

Harvard GSD Student Design Team Frederick Kim, Katie MacDonald, Erin Pellegrino

OFIS Architects Project Team Andrej Gregoric. Janez Martincic. Maria Della Mea, Vincenzo Roma, Andrea Capretti, Jade Manbodh, Sam Eadington

Project Year 2015

Photographs Anze Cokl , Andrej Gregoric, Janez Martincic

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