Crystal Houses MVRDV

2016-04-20 11:00

 © Daria Scagliola & Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola)

架构师提供的文本描述。MVRDV的水晶屋是在瓦莱纳的要求下诞生的，华莱纳要求在PC Hooftstraat上设计一家旗舰店，将荷兰遗产和国际建筑结合在一起，这是阿姆斯特丹唯一条以住宅为主的奢侈品牌街道。MVRDV希望能代表原始建筑，并通过广泛使用玻璃找到解决方案。接近全玻璃的外观模仿了最初的设计，包括砖块的层次性和窗框的细节，但垂直拉伸，以符合最新的分区法律，并允许增加室内空间。玻璃砖块延伸到水晶屋的外墙，最终溶入传统的陶瓷砖外墙，用于公寓(按照伦敦金融城的美学规定)，似乎漂浮在车间上空。

Text description provided by the architects. MVRDV’s Crystal Houses began its existence with the request of Warenar to design a flagship store combining both Dutch heritage and international architecture on the PC Hooftstraat, Amsterdam’s one and only luxury brand street that was previously primarily residential. MVRDV wanted to make a representation of the original buildings and found a solution through an extensive use of glass. The near full-glass façade mimics the original design, down to the layering of the bricks and the details of the window frames, but is stretched vertically to comply with updated zoning laws and to allow for an increase in interior space. Glass bricks stretch up the façade of Crystal Houses, eventually dissolving into a traditional terracotta brick façade for the apartments (as stipulated in the City’s aesthetics rules), which appears to be floating above the shop floor.

该设计希望能为世界各地购物区丧失当地特色提供一个解决方案。零售业的日益全球化导致了高端商业街的同质化。水晶屋提供了一个现代商店需要的橱窗表面，同时保持建筑特色和个性，因此旗舰店希望在其他商店中脱颖而出。

The design hopes to provide a solution to the loss of local character in shopping areas around the world. The increased globalisation of retail has led to the homogenisation of high-end shopping streets. Crystal Houses offer the store a window surface that contemporary stores need, whilst maintaining architectural character and individuality, resulting in a flagship store that hopes to stand out amongst the rest.

 © Daria Scagliola & Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola)

“我们对客户说，‘让我们把将要拆除的东西拿回来，但要进一步开发’”MVRDV的建筑师兼联合创始人WinyMaas解释道。“水晶屋为一家卓越的旗舰店创造了空间，尊重周围环境的结构，并为玻璃建筑带来了诗意的创新。它使全球品牌能够将透明的愿望与时尚场所结合起来，并将现代化与传统结合起来。因此，它可以适用于我们的历史中心的任何地方。“

“We said to the client, ‘Let’s bring back what will be demolished but develop it further’” explains Winy Maas, architect and co-founder of MVRDV. “Crystal Houses make space for a remarkable flagship store, respect the structure of the surroundings and bring a poetic innovation in glass construction. It enables global brands to combine the overwhelming desire of transparency with a couleur locale and modernity with heritage. It can thus be applied everywhere in our historic centres.”

 Site Elevation

立地高程

在构思了最初的想法之后，MVRDV与一些合作伙伴密切合作，开发了这些技术，使之成为可能。在威尼斯附近的雷萨那，实心玻璃砖是由波西亚单独铸造和制作的。德尔夫特技术大学与工程公司abt和承包商wessels Zeist合作进行的研究，导致了结构解决方案和制造技术的发展，使用了德国Delo工业粘合剂的高强度、紫外粘合、透明的粘合剂将砖块粘合在一起，而不需要更传统的砂浆。

After conceiving the initial idea MVRDV worked closely with a number of partners to develop the technologies to make it possible. Solid glass bricks were individually cast and crafted by Poesia in Resana, near Venice. Research undertaken by the Delft University of Technology, in partnership with engineering firm ABT and contractor Wessels Zeist, led to the development of structural solutions and fabrication techniques, with the use of a high-strength, UV bonded, transparent adhesive from Delo Industrial Adhesives in Germany to cement the bricks together without the need for a more traditional mortar.

 © Daria Scagliola & Stijn Brakkee

(Daria Scagliola)

在一个比建筑工地更像实验室的地方，每天有6到10名专家每天工作一整年。由于材料的敏感性，需要极高的精度和工艺水平，并在整个过程中有一支技术开发团队在场。由于这种结构是第一种，因此必须使用新的建造方法和工具：从高科技激光和实验室级紫外线灯，到技术稍低的荷兰全脂牛奶，这种牛奶透明度低，被证明是一种理想的液体，可以作为第一层砖块平整的反射面。尽管看起来很精致，德夫特科技大学的团队进行的强度测试证明，玻璃结构在很多方面都比混凝土更坚固。例如，全玻璃构架可以承受高达42.000牛顿的力，相当于两辆全尺寸的运动型多功能车。

Six to ten experts worked every day for a whole year in a place that bore more resemblance to a laboratory than a construction site. Due to the sensitivity of the materials, an extremely high level of accuracy and craftsmanship was required and a technical development team was onsite throughout the process. Since this construction is the first of its kind, new construction methods and tools had to be utilised: from high-tech lasers and laboratory grade UV-lamps, to slightly lower-tech Dutch full-fat milk, which, with its low transparency, proved to be an ideal liquid to function as a reflective surface for the levelling of the first layer of bricks. Despite its delicate looks, strength tests by the Delft University of Technology team proved that the glass-construction was in many ways stronger than concrete. The full-glass architrave, for instance, could withstand a force of up to 42.000 Newton; the equivalent to two full-sized SUVs.

新的建筑方法的发展为未来的建筑提供了更多的可能性，例如尽量减少废料。从本质上讲，所有的玻璃部件都是完全可回收的。来自该项目的废料，如不完美的砖块，可以简单地(而且)被熔化，重新成型，或者完全重新使用。对于整个外墙本身也是如此，一旦建筑物达到了使用寿命的极限，整个立面就可以被熔化，并赋予新的生命。这条规则的唯一例外是增加了一些功能，以确保建筑物的安全，例如混凝土防撞防御工事，它隐藏在反射和半透明材料的混合中，建造起来是为了抵挡汽车撞向建筑物的力量。维修-在任何损坏的情况下制定的协议，允许更换个别砖块。

The development of new construction methods unearthed additional possibilities for future building, such as the minimisation of waste materials. In essence, all of the glass components are completely recyclable. Waste materials from the project, such as imperfect bricks, could simply be (and were) melted down and re-moulded or entirely repurposed. Such is also true for the entire façade itself, once the building has reached the end of its life span, the whole facade can be melted down and given a new life. The only exceptions to this rule are added features which ensure the security of the building, such as a concrete ram-raid defence plinth, hidden in a blend of reflective and translucent materials and built to withstand the force of a car crashing into the building. Repair-protocols were developed in the event of any damage, allowing for the replacement of individual bricks.

由于主要由玻璃制成，因此必须确保通过可再生能源提供所需能源。因此，该建筑是围绕着一个地源热泵设计的，其管道长达170米地下，允许全年最佳的室内气候。一个关键的因素，当处理微妙，复杂的细节，同时争取适当的能量平衡。

With a façade made primarily out of glass it was important to ensure that energy requirements were supplied through renewable sources. Therefore, the building was designed around a ground source heat pump, its pipes leading up to 170 metres underground, allowing for an optimal indoor climate throughout the year. A crucial element when dealing with delicate, sophisticated detailing while striving for a proper energy balance at the same time.

这家店目前由法国时尚公司香奈儿经营，香奈儿将于稍后返回他们在PC Hooftstraat上的位置，后者也是Warenar的所有者。MVRDV与Delft技术大学的教授和博士研究人员以及工程公司ABT密切合作，特别提到了Fred Veer、Rob Nijsse、Faidra Oikonomopoulou、Telesilla Bristogianni和Kees Baardolf。波西亚开发和制造玻璃砖，而吉特曼斯

The store is currently operated by French fashion house Chanel which will return later to their previous location on the PC Hooftstraat, also owned by Warenar. MVRDV worked in close partnership with professors and PhD researchers from the Delft University of Technology, alongside engineering firm ABT, with special mention going to Fred Veer, Rob Nijsse, Faidra Oikonomopoulou, Telesilla Bristogianni and Kees Baardolf. Poesia developed and manufactured the glass bricks, whilst Gietermans & van Dijk aided in the architectural design of the project. Also involved in the development and construction of the project were structural engineers Brouwer & Kok and contractor Wessels Zeist, of whom the brothers Van de Poppe played a vital role in the innovation of the adhesive and the glass brick laying on site. Energy conservation and renewable energy experts CCS Energy Advice aided with the development of sustainable solutions and energy production. Contributors to glass elements include Siko who supplied several types of the Delo adhesives and advised how to apply them, Cura Glass for the doors and Van Tetterode Glass Studio.