架构师提供的文本描述。这个地方的故事深深植根于该地区的历史和文化之中。

Text description provided by the architects. The story of this place is rooted deep in the history and culture of the region. 

该地区的生物多样性是较大的马德兰群岛的一部分，从索诺兰到奇瓦瓦沙漠，到亚利桑那州南部、新墨西哥州南部和得克萨斯州西部的部分地区。在广阔的沙漠景观中，天空岛屿作为生命和居民的信标。它们是连接墨西哥马德雷山脉北端的链中的纽带，在该地区的生活故事中是必不可少的；是迁徙部落、鸟类和掠食者在广阔的开放环境中迁徙的避难所和资源基础。

The biodiversity of the region is part of the larger Madrean Archipelago, which stretches from the Sonoran to Chihuahuan deserts, to parts of Southern Arizona, Southern New Mexico, and parts of Far West Texas. The sky island ranges serve as beacons for life and inhabitants in the vast desert landscape. They are links in a chain that connect the northern end of the Sierra Madres in Mexico, and are essential in the story of life in the region; in form of refuge and resource base for migrating tribes, birds, and predators moving through the vast openness.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

圣拉斐尔谷的地形和地质构成了圣克鲁斯河的源头，圣克鲁斯河是唯一条向南流入墨西哥的河流之一，然后再向北流入美国。这条河对于过去一万年来这个地区的居住情况至关重要。(鼓掌)

The San Rafael Valley’s topography and geology form the headwaters of the Santa Cruz River, one of the only rivers that runs south into Mexico, and turns back north into the U.S. This river is vital to the story of the habitation of this region for the past 10,000 years.  

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

数百万年前，人类历史上的许多事件都与该地区的地质事件有关。我们现在所知道的，是大规模的火山活动形成了这一景观。这留下了盆地和山脉地形，以及矿产和资源丰富的土地，这些土地对居住在该地区的文化具有价值和用途。

Much of the human history lends itself to the geological events of the region millions of years ago.  Large volcanic activity formed the landscape as we know it now. This left behind the basin and range topography, as well as mineral and resource rich land that has been of value and use to the cultures that inhabited the region. 

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

从当地的农业文化，到游牧的狩猎采集者，到征服者和传教士，到拓荒者、矿工、牛和牛仔，再到民兵、移民和毒品贩子，这是典型的野生西部的景观和民俗。

From native agricultural cultures, to nomadic hunter-gatherers, to conquistadors and missionaries, to pioneers, miners, cattle, and cowboys, to militia, migrants, and narcotraficantes, it is the landscape and folklore of the quintessential Wild West. 

这就是卡萨·卡尔德拉成长的历史和背景。这种小型住房受到气候条件的强烈影响，适应自然、社会、政治和经济环境，每一种环境都有其各自的加权程度和不同程度。

It is this history and context that Casa Caldera grows from. This small shelter is strongly informed by the climatic conditions; adapting to the natural, social, political, and economical environments, each to its own weighted and varying degree.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

这座建筑占地945平方英尺，位于南亚利桑那州圣拉斐尔谷(San Rafael Valley)卡内洛山(Canelo Hills)的西南部，这是一片高沙漠，位于图森东南两小时，美国与墨西哥之间的国际边界以北15英里处。它坐落在海拔5000英尺以下，依偎在埃默里橡树和曼扎尼塔之间。这种结构是从乡土草中形成的，它们决定了山坡和远处开阔的范围。这所房子的选址是一次谈判，目的是在开阔的山脉和躲避猎人、发现者和潜在移民的避难所之间找到平衡。除非你在上面，否则你不会意识到它的结构。

The structure is a 945 square foot shelter located on the southwestern bajada of the Canelo Hills in Southern Arizona’s San Rafael Valley, a high desert two hours southeast of Tucson and 15 miles north of the international border between the U.S. and Mexico. It sits just under 5000 feet above sea level, nestled amongst emory oaks and manzanitas. The structure emerges from the native grasses that define the hillside and open ranges beyond. The siting of the house was a negotiation to find a balance between the prospect of the open range and mountains, and the refuge from hunters, discoverers and potential migrants. You are not aware of the structure until you are upon it. 

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

为了强调这种避难质量，选择了结构材料与环境相融合，并制定了关闭计划。质量墙是由浇注熔岩克里特岛建造的，这是材料的先驱保罗施瓦姆改进的工艺和产品，并用于该地区的建筑社区，特别是保罗韦纳和设计建筑合作公司。当地人认为它是一种新的乡土材料，由红色焦油、粉状熔岩、水泥和水组成的混合物组成，形成一种自我支撑的半流体材料，被捣碎成类似于夯土的模板。由此产生的效果与周围的草形成了微妙的对比，微妙地改变了一年中光线的质量，与景观和谐地融合在一起，就好像它属于那里的草、橡树、芒果和岩石。

To emphasize this refuge quality, the material of the structure was chosen to blend in with the environment, and the program made to close down. The mass walls are constructed of poured lava crete, a process and product refined by the material’s pioneer, Paul Schwam, and used in the region’s architectural community, notably by Paul Weiner and Design Build Collaborative. It is seen by locals as a new vernacular material, comprised of a mixture of red scoria, a pulverized lava rock, cement, and water that forms a self-supporting semi-fluid material which is rammed into formwork similar to rammed earth. The resulting effect was a subtle contrast to the grasses around, changing subtly to the qualities of light through the year, blends harmoniously with the landscape appearing as if it belonged there with the grass, oaks, manzanitas and rocks. 

 Floor Plan

客户要求有户外居住和睡眠区，导致重新发现当地的地方民居规划类型，这是作为主要的组织概念卡萨卡尔德拉-一个扎关。

The clients request of having outdoor living and sleeping zones lead to the re-discovery of a local vernacular house planning typology that was used as the main organizing concept of Casa Caldera – a Zaguan.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

扎关两端的大型双折叠式金属门将被覆盖的生活空间与远处的景观连接起来。在东部，扎关像一个全面的地心，而在西边，故事书的景色延伸到圣拉斐尔谷和巴塔哥尼亚山脉的远处。

Large bifolding metal doors on either end of the Zaguan connect the covered living space to the landscape beyond. To the east the Zaguan opens up like a full scale diorama and to the west the story book view stretches to the distant landscape across San Rafael Valley and the Patagonia Mountains.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

双折叠门提供自然光和线束被动冷却风打开时和安全时关闭。这些门可以各种各样的方式配置，如季节、使用和生活方式要求主人进行互动和反应，使用双折叠门来控制太阳的增益或以不同的方式利用微风。在适当的温度下，扎关是一个被保护的空间，用来休息，就餐和睡觉。(鼓掌)

The bi-folding doors deliver natural light and harness passive cooling breezes when open and security when closed. The doors can be configured in a myriad of ways, as seasons, use, and lifestyle requires the owner to interact and respond, using the bi-folding doors to control the solar gain or harness the breezes in different ways. When the temperatures are appropriate the Zaguan is a protected covered space used for lounging, dining and sleeping.  

作为一个空间，扎关提供了难得的经验，在那里，你可以放慢或完全停止，并简单地采取在一个单一的集中的观点和物理见证时间的自然环境。

The Zaguan as a space offers the rare experience where one can slow down or stop altogether, and simply take in the natural environment in a single focused view and physically witness time passing.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

唯一的热源是燃烧着木头的炉子和壁炉。在冬天，人们首先想到的是火。亚利桑那埃默里橡树燃烧的气味进一步区分了房子在记忆中气味的体验性。

The only sources of heat are a wood burning stove and fireplace.  Experientially, in the winter, the first thing one thinks of when they wake is fire.  The smell of the Arizona Emory oaks burning further distinguishes the experiential nature of the house in the memory of scent.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

冷却是通过18“厚焦壁的热偏移和由于两侧正、负压而通过扎关的自然气流来实现的。在放置外窗时，仔细考虑了太阳的方向，这些窗户保持较小，以尽量减少夏季太阳直接热量的增加。

Cooling is achieved through the thermal offset of 18” thick scoria walls and the natural flow of air that moves through the Zaguan due to the positive and negative pressures on either side. Solar orientation was carefully considered in the placement of exterior windows, which were kept small to minimize direct solar heat gain in the summer.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

所有的窗户都是可操作的，起居室的窗户墙、卧室的入口和缝隙的窗户都是可操作的，这些窗户可以利用和拉出扎关的空气，并通过生活和睡眠区。在进入睡眠区的通道上增加了一扇门，这样，当两者都打开时，小木柴燃烧炉也可以加热扎关空间，以便在需要时举行宴会和小型聚会。这一可操作性进一步使业主成为积极参与住房经验的参与者。

All of the windows are operable, as well as the kicks and transoms of the living room window wall, bedroom entry and slot windows that harness and pull air out of the Zaguan and through the living and sleeping zones. An extra door was added to the access to the sleeping zone, so that when both are open, the small wood burning stove can also heat the Zaguan space for dinner parties and small gatherings when desired. This operability further engages the owner as an active participant in the experience of the house.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

一口现有的水井为房子提供水，一个小型的太阳能电力系统坐在远离房子的地方，以提供基本的电力使用。使用最低限度的照明，全低压LED。烹饪、水加热和制冷都是由丙烷气体驱动的。

An existing well provides water for the house, and a small solar electrical system sits away from the house to provide for basic electrical power use. Minimal lighting is used, all low voltage LED. Cooking, water heating and refrigeration are all powered by propane gas.

 © Cade Hayes

凯德·海耶斯

卡萨·卡尔德拉(CasaCaldera)几乎完全是自定义建造的。烧焦的墙壁、钢窗、门、五金、皮拉、木墙板、磨坊、箱子和框架都是用灰尘制造和安装的。在天花板和扎关墙壁上使用的木材是回收的萨萨夫拉斯。卡萨·卡尔德拉完全不在电网里。

Casa Caldera is almost entirely custom built. The scoria walls, steel windows, doors, hardware, leather pulls, wood siding, millwork, casework and framing were all fabricated and installed by DUST. The wood that is used on the ceiling and Zaguan walls is reclaimed sassafrass. Casa Caldera is entirely off grid.

在制造卡萨·卡尔德拉的过程中，只产生了三十码的废物。

Only thirty yards of waste, one roll-off, was created in the making of Casa Caldera.

Architects DUST

Location United States

Category Houses

Area 945.0 ft2

Project Year 2015

Photographs Cade Hayes