© Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

后工业城市密集地区的城市重建项目

An urban renewal project in the dense area of a post- industrial city

昆明橡胶厂位于中国西南省份云南省省会昆明市西山区中部，占地面积约1公顷。该厂成立于1956年，当时该市的现代轻工业正蓬勃发展，并持续扩张，在20世纪80年代达到了经济产出的顶峰，并有2000名员工。然而，随着中国在20世纪90年代中期开始进行经济改革，该厂开始经历严重的经济困难，在世纪之交停产并破产；最终被Winart集团接管，目标是进行创新的城市更新商业发展。

The Kunming Rubber Factory occupies a hectare site area in the central Xishan District of Kunming, the capital city of the south-western Chinese province of Yunnan. The factory was founded in 1956, at a time when the city’s modern light industry was flourishing and it continued to expand reaching its peak economic output in the 1980’s and counted 2000 employees. However as China began embarking on its economic reforms in the mid 1990’s the factory began to experience serious economic difficulties and stopped production and fell into bankruptcy around the turn of the century; and was eventually taken over by the Winart Group with the target of undertaking an innovative urban renewal commercial development.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

2011年，当科凯工作室受到客户邀请时，昆明的城市面貌正在发生根本性的变化；原有的城市结构不断被抹去，取而代之的是庞大的混合用途项目。最终的结果是，城市的完整性被各种规模的建筑破坏了；城市正在迅速失去其城市的肌理和元素，长期以来，这些元素使它成为中国最适宜居住和最迷人的城市之一。

When Kokaistudios was invited by the client at 2011, Kunming' s city appearance was undergoing radical changes; the original urban texture was constantly being erased and replaced by gigantic mixed-use projects . The end result was that the integrity of the city was broken by constructions of various scales; and the city was rapidly losing its urban texture and elements that had long made it one of China’s most livable and charming cities.

工厂周围是5至6层砖墙和水泥外墙住宅建筑，学校和其他配套设施。整个地区是稠密的，生机勃勃的，有着丰富的文化遗产，包括清朝的东寺塔，在工厂内部，我们在分析中发现了不同历史时期的建筑、结构和材料的丰富质感，为创新干预创造了基础，比如我们发现了50-60年代的黑砖，70-80年代的红砖和90年代的水泥外墙；这些材料反映了建筑群历史的演变。

The factory was surrounded by 5 to 6-storey brick and cement facade residence buildings, schools and other supporting facilities.   The whole area is dense, vibrant and has a rich cultural heritage including the Qing dynasty East Temple Tower. Within the factory itself, we discovered in our analysis a rich texture of buildings, structures, and materials from different historical eras thus creating the basis for an innovative intervention. For instance, we found black bricks from 1950-60s, red bricks from 1970-80s and cement facade from the 1990s; the materials expressed the evolution of the history of the complex.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

Kokaistudio提出了一个方案，强调保留网站的历史，同时重新限定其动态和功能。我们保留了它的独创性，作为保护遗址历史的一种方式。通过一种全面的方法，看看环境、社会经济和文化背景，我们的目标是通过恢复公众的活力和效率，为这个后工业遗址注入新的活力。

Kokaistudios came up with a  scheme that emphasized retaining the history of the site while re-qualifying  its dynamic and functions.  We kept as much of  its originality as a way to protect the history of the site. With a comprehensive approach, looking at the environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, we aimed to breathe new life into this post-industrial site  by reinstating public vibrancy and efficiency.

 Axonometric Diagram

轴测图

首先，我们拆除了仓库车间，它几乎没有历史遗产，也没有再利用价值，为公共休憩空间和新的建筑结构让路；这个过程是经过与地方当局的深入研究和协调后进行的。

First of all, we demolished the warehouse workshop which had little historical heritage nor re-use value to make way for public open spaces and new architectural structures; a process that was undertaken after deep study and coordination with the local authorities.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

其次，我们自适应地重复使用了5座老厂房，并保留了该地区最高的标志性烟囱。我们保留了尽可能多的原始外观，然后用钢、金属和玻璃加强它，以创造一个强烈的对比。修复的区域包括新的混合建筑的中庭、旧混合建筑屋顶的玻璃大厅、室外露台和楼梯；连接建筑物的桥梁；锅炉房和室外楼梯的金属屋顶。这些新的当代结构和部件与项目的遗产部分形成鲜明对比；从而使新旧建筑都具有了价值。

Secondly, we adaptively reused 5 old factory buildings and kept the signature smokestackwhich is the highest structure in the area. We retained as much of the original facade as possible, and then strenghthen it with steel, metal and glass to create a strong contrast. Restored areas includes the atrium of the new mixing building, the glass hall of the old mixing building roof, the outdoor terrace and the staircase; the connecting building bridge; the metal roof of the boiler room and the outdoor stairsetc.These new contemporary structures and components stand in clear contrast to the heritage portions of the project; thus valorizing both the old and new.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

然后，将两个新的弯曲玻璃体嵌入到场地内，形状柔软，尺寸适当。这些新建筑正坐在柱子上，向社区招徕、增加开放，并采取行动创造历史建筑的框架景观。这些建筑的结合使得发展与城市之间的界限变得模糊，从而邀请社区将空间变成自己的空间。

Then, two new curved glass bodies are embedded in the site with  soft shape and appropriate scale. These new architectures are sitting on columns to invite circulation and add openness to the community and act to create framed views of the historical buildings. The combination of the buildings allows for blurred boundaries between the development and the city thus inviting the community to make the space its own.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

最后，这个封闭的网站开放了：游客可以从树林街或铁皮巷进入公共空间。一个全新的生活方式中心正摆在人们面前：旧的混合建筑已经成为一个创意的阁楼；以前的车间已经变成了一个生活中心，可以容纳零售、咖啡馆、餐馆和健身房；机械零件车间已经变成了啤酒厂；锅炉房现在是一个俱乐部，磁带车间已经发展成一个零售和办公空间。

Finally this enclosed site are openned up: visitors can enter the public space from either Shulin Street or Tiepi Ally.  A brand new lifestyle hub is in front of people: the old mixing building has became a creative loft; the former workshop building has became a lifestyle center accomendates retail, cafes, restaurants and gym facilities; the machine parts workshop has transformed into a brewery; the boiler room is a club now and the tape workshop has evovled into a retail and office space.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

城市是不断发展的系统，需要更新和更新，以适应不断变化的需求、习惯和期望。Kokaistudio强烈支持城市完整性的设计。在昆明温特项目中，古老的工业遗产和新的当代建筑结合了社会价值和社区利益的考虑，为城市带来了新的活力。

Cities are ever-evolving systems, requiring updates and renewals to accommodate changing demands, habits and expectations. Kokaistudios believes strongly in designing for urban integrity. For the Kunming Winart project, old industrial heritage and new contemporay architecture are woven together with considerations of social values and community benefits and the project is bringing new energy into the city.

 © Dirk Weiblen

德克·韦布伦

Architects Kokaistudios

Location Kunming, China

Category Adaptive Reuse

Architects in Charge Andrea Destefanis, Filippo Gabbiani

Design Manager Li Wei

Area 30000.0 m2

Project Year 2017

Photographs Dirk Weiblen