Floor Area Ratio Game ON Architecture

2017-06-05 20:00

 © Joonhwan Yoon

尹俊焕(Joonhwan Yoon)

架构师提供的文本描述。在2014年规划这座房子的设计时，最重要的问题是“远距离游戏：限制因素激发创造力”，这是2016年威尼斯双年展韩国馆的主题。这片土地是二级普通住宅区，建筑师可以建造一栋建筑，建筑与土地的比率为60%，建筑面积比为200%。通常情况下，设计一栋三层楼的建筑，建筑与土地的比例为60%，而四楼的建筑与土地的比例为20%。然而，土地面积(142平方米)很小，20%的土地面积只有28.4m2。重要的是要找到替代方案，以寻找一个最大的楼面面积比率，以满足业主的要求，而不会有任何损失。

Text description provided by the architects. The most important issue when planning the design of the house in 2014 was like "FAR Game: Constraints Sparking Creativity" ,which was the theme of the Korean Pavilion in the Venice Biennial, 2016. This land is a class 2 general residential area, so an architect can build a building with a 60% the building to-land ratio and a 200% floor area ratio. It is common to design a three-story building with a 60% building-to-land ratio and to design the fourth floor with a 20% building-to-land-ratio. However, the land area (142m2) was so small that 20% of the area was only 28.4m2. It was important to find alternatives to look for a maximum floor area ratio to meet what the building owner required without any loss.

 © Joonhwan Yoon

尹俊焕(Joonhwan Yoon)

Site Analysis

这片土地过去是蔚山的一个老住宅区。由于北侧有一条20米宽的新公路，目标地点被重新开发成了一个新的公寓楼，成为一个商业区。同时，也可以通过接收道路从北方发出的光的权利来保证高度。这使一楼更高，让建筑师感到自由的任何高度限制的建筑物。在周边地区，在20米宽的道路前面建造了三层建筑，其建筑与土地的比例和建筑面积的比例是相同的。这就创造了一种沉闷的城市景观。因此，一楼的前半部分比其他楼层高，是用玻璃做的，二楼的路旁是空的，以创造开放。室外楼梯是用弯曲的穿孔金属做的，创造了白天和夜晚的城市风光。我们希望这座小型建筑物能为市民提供进入商业大厦的机会，并在荒凉的城市景观中改变生活。

The land used to be an old residential area in Ulsan. The target site had been redeveloped with a new apartment complex and became a commercial area because of a new 20m wide road to the north side. Also, it was possible to secure the height by receiving the right of light from the north with the road. This made the first floor higher and allowed the architect to feel free from any height restriction on the building. In the surrounding area, the three-story buildings with the same building-to-land ratio and floor area ratio were built on the front of the 20m wide road. This resulted in the creation of a stuffy urban landscape. Therefore, the front part of the first floor, which was higher than the other floors, was made of glass, and the road side of the second floor was empty to create openness. The outdoor stairs were made of bent punched metal to create an urban scenery of day and night. We hope that this small building will bring a chance to access commercial buildings and cause a life change in the desolate urban landscape.

业主想要拆除现有的房子，建造一座商业建筑，这样他就可以利用这座大楼作为他的企业的总部。在蔚山的旧住宅区中，土地特别小，但是业主想在他的总部里包括许多活动。因此，他要求与其他业主一样，以最高的楼宇与土地比率及楼面面积比率兴建一幢楼宇。这个项目在满足业主要求的所有要求方面是一个巨大的挑战，包括设计一个与现有建筑物不同的建筑物，因为业主希望如果他把大楼改为出租物业，就能从租金中赚到很多钱。为了解决这一问题，在一楼放置了供出租的零售商店，业主要求的其他活动的空间是垂直建造的，其馀的建筑面积比例也是如此。这座建筑本来应该是三层建筑，总建筑面积比，但这座建筑变成了一座五层楼的建筑，有一个新的复合建筑面积比。说实话，最难的是说服业主相信这个独特的建筑面积比例。例如，二楼作为一个使用面积比较少的室外空间，仍然是空的。如果大楼从总部办公室改为租赁财产，租金收入一般会减少。然而，我们认为这对这座大楼来说是不正确的。一楼稍微高一点，这一优势会增加租金。另外，由于建筑与土地的比率和建筑面积的比例，这座建筑本来应该是一座三层建筑，由五层楼组成。因此，这座大楼的所有五层楼的租金都更有利可图。此外，二楼和五楼更有利于租金，因为这些楼层有室外空间。坦率地说，二楼是建筑时最受欢迎的地方。

The building owner wanted to demolish the existing house and build a commercial building so that he could use the building as the headquarters for his business. Among the old residential areas in Ulsan, the land was especially tiny, but the building owner wanted to include many activities in his headquarters. Therefore, he requested that a building be built with a maximum building-to-land ratio and floor area ratio as other owners did. This project was a huge challenge to meet all the requirements the owner asked for including designing a building different from the existing buildings because the owner hoped to make a lot of money from rent if he changed the building into rental property. In order to solve this problem, retail shops for rent were placed on the first floor, and room for other activities that the owner requested were built vertically with the rest of the floor area ratio. The building was supposed to be three-story building with a general floor area ratio, but the building became a five-story building with a new composed floor area ratio. To tell the truth, the hardest part was to persuade the owner about this unique floor area ratio. For example, the second floor remained empty as an outdoor space which used less of the floor area ratio. If the building were changed from a headquarters office to rental property, generally the rental income would decrease. However, we believed that this would not be true for this building. The first floor is slightly higher and this advantage will increase the rent. Also, the building, which was supposed to be a three-story building because of the building?to-land ratio and floor area ratio, is composed of five levels. Therefore, all five levels of the building are more profitable for rent. Also, the second floor and the fifth floor are more beneficial for rent because those floors have outdoor space. Frankly, the second floor was the most popular area when the building was being constructed.

 © Joonhwan Yoon

尹俊焕(Joonhwan Yoon)

大多数人误解了这所房子的形态。然而，这是错误的。建筑物与土地的比例通常在小面积内进行改造，空间从一楼到五楼排列。这导致了新的建筑物的形成。质量不是一个身份，但程序由远(面积比)游戏是身份。一楼的楼面面积是最高的，二楼和三楼通过保持部分前部的空置，达到建筑物所需的楼面面积比率。四楼和五楼采用在二楼和三楼获得的楼面面积定额。这一重新安排的建筑面积比率创造了这座建筑。

Most people misunderstand the morphological approach of this house. However, this is wrong. The building-to-land ratio, which buildings usually have in a small area, was restructured and spaces were arranged from the first floor to the fifth floor. This resulted in a new formation of the building. The mass is not an identity, but the program by the FAR (Floor Area Ratio) Game is the identity. There is a maximum floor area ratio for the first floor, and the second and third floors meet the required floor area ratio of the building by keeping some of the front parts empty. The floor area ration, which was obtained on the second and third floor, was used for the fourth and fifth floors. This rearranged floor area ratio created the building.

 © Joonhwan Yoon

尹俊焕(Joonhwan Yoon)

因为这个地区比较老，所以看起来很复杂。我们想要建造一座干净的建筑，其中包括一种质量感。我们想用裸露的白色混凝土建造这座建筑，但这是一座低成本的建筑。为此，我们拆除了模具，研磨表面，将白色石粉与保水剂混合，建造了一座白色的彩色建筑。由于大楼很小，前面的楼梯在视觉上看上去很大。这些开放的外部楼梯在视觉上干扰了建筑物突出的质量设计。因此，所使用的冲孔金属，既提供了开放，也提供了关闭。事实上，最初的材料是光链，它强调垂直，并有一种微妙的反射太阳的感觉。然而，业主想要将材料改为穿孔金属。为了强调垂直性，直线向垂直方向弯曲。(鼓掌)

Since the area is older, it looked complex. We wanted to build a clean building which included a sense of mass. We wanted to construct the building with exposed white concrete, but it was a low budget building. For this reason, we removed the mold, ground the surface, mixed white stone powder with watery retaining agent, and built a white colored building. Since the building was small, the exterior stairs looked visually massive in the front. These open exterior stairs visually interrupted the protruding mass design of the building. Therefore, the punched metal, which provided not only openness but also closure, was used. In fact, the material at first was matte chain, which emphasized verticality and had a subtle sense of reflections of the sun. However, the building owner wanted to change the material to punched metal. In order to emphasize the verticality, the lines were bent in a vertical direction.