© Chen Hao

(三)陈浩

“围城”是我们谈论中国传统民居建筑时的一个比喻。在现代主义建筑传遍世界之前。中国传统民居建筑虽然由于地域性的原因，在材料选择、形式等方面可能会有所不同，但几乎就像被围困的堡垒。被围困的要塞，就是所谓的四合院.在中国，我们有着悠久的庭院园艺传统。包围我们自己的世界，把我们的感情托付给花园里的花草，是一种深入人心的想法。然而，这种居住状态在今天的中国，几乎已经消失在城市生活中，只在历史建筑中显现出来。

“Fortress Besieged,” a metaphor when We talked about traditional Chinese residential architecture. Before modernist architecture has spread all over the world. Chinese traditional residential architecture is almost like fortress besieged, although they might be different in material selection, form and so on because of regionalism. Fortress Besieged, is the so-called courtyard. In China, We have a long tradition of courtyard gardening. To encircle a world of our own and entrust our sentiment to the flower and plants in the garden, is an idea dwelling state deep into our bone. However this dwelling state in today’s China, has almost disappeared in urban living and only reveals itself in historical building.

 Site Overall Axonometric Drawing

现场整体轴测图

同所有战后国家一样，我们经历了人口快速增长和住房建设不足的时期。柯布西耶的现代主义建筑和他的拉维尔·卢迪厄斯理论是当时比较成熟的主题，但“后现代主义”和“后现代主义”中提出的尖锐问题仍在激烈争论中。我们从勒柯布西耶那里学到了解决住房问题的方法，并逐渐演变成一个范例。因此，今天的中国有着几乎相同的居住模式，跨越了众多的气候区域。甚至一些规划类型可以多样化的地区也开始学习以房地产为主导的住宅模式。这种居住模式具有高层、低密度、行列式、向南等明显特征。这对我们来说是一个发人深省和痛苦的现实。

Like all postwar countries, we have experienced a period of rapid population growth and inadequate housing construction. Modernism architecture of Le Corbusier and his theory of La Ville Radieuse were relatively mature subjects at that time, yet Post Modernism and the incisive issues proposed in the book of were still under intense debate. And we learned from Le Corbusier to solve the housing problem and gradually evolved it into a paradigm. As a result, there is almost the same residential pattern in China today, which spans numerous climatic regions. Even some region where planning typology could diversify begins to learn from the residential pattern dominated by real estate. This residential pattern has several obvious characters such as high-rise, low-density, determinant, all facing south and so on. This is a thought provoking and painful reality for us.

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ATelier GOM从2002年起就开始了基于国内环境的住宅研究和城市研究。在龙南花园项目中，重新引入了“围城”、“走廊”等词汇。随着住宅类型学的研究、城市形态的改善、公共空间的引入、居住高度和密度对居住舒适性的影响等问题，陇南花园已成为中国一种令人振奋的新型住宅现象。陇南花园属于社会住宅类型，但Atelier GOM希望通过社会住宅挑战中国根深蒂固的居住模式，以促进我国其他类型住宅设计的完善。

Atelier GOM has begun its residential studies and urban studies rooted in the domestic environment since 2002. In the project of Longnan Garden Estate, vocabulary such as ”Fortress besieged” and “corridor” are reintroduced. With the study of residential typology, the improvement of urban morphology, the introduction of public space, the impact of residential height and density on living comfort, and other issues, Longnan Garden Estate has become an exciting Chinese new residential estate phenomenon. Longnan Garden Estate belongs to the type of social housing estate, but Atelier GOM hopes to challenge the deeply rooted residential pattern in China through social housing, in order to promote the improvement of other types of residential design in China.

龙南花园位于上海市徐汇区天耀大桥南路与下台邦路交汇处，紧邻黄浦江。小区内共有八栋建筑，其中小户型5套(公寓面积40~60㎡)，单间宿舍2套(公寓楼面积主要为35㎡)，独立商住楼1套。规划层次：在远近2.2的要求下，东、西、北三地都有大量受阳光影响需要考虑的既有住宅，四幢相对的七层、U型、半封闭、廊道式住宅，以避免复杂的日照计算。

Longnan Garden Estate locates in the intersection of Tianyao Bridge Road South and Xiataibang Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, and is closely next Huangpu River. There are eight buildings in the estate, of which five are sets of small apartment uni（t Apartment Area: 40-60 ㎡）, two are sets of single dormitory(Apartment Area : mostly 35 ㎡), and one for independent commercial building. Planning level: under the requirement of FAR (2.2), and the East, West and North have a large number of existing residences which need to be considered in the impact of sunlight, four opposite seven - story, U - style, semi - enclosed and corridor type residential buildings are put to the North to avoid the complicated sunlight calculation.

 Building No.5 -Sectioned Axonometric Drawing

5楼-分段轴测图

在南方，三座高层住宅逐步下陷，是为了削弱居住区规划阳光计算的依赖性，从而解放其他建筑物。这三栋高楼住宅，除阳光计算外，由西向东为12层小跨层公寓，7层至12层走廊式小公寓，8层至17层单层宿舍。

In the South, three high-rise residential buildings progressively going down are to weaken the dependence of the residential district planning sunlight calculation, so as to free other buildings. These three high-rise residences away from sunlight calculation, from west to East are 12 -storey small skip-floor apartment, 7 to 12-storey corridor type small apartment, 8 to 17-storey single dormitory.

 © Chen Hao

(三)陈浩

“围城”-不同类型的庭院空间

"Fortress Besieged" - courtyard space in different types

陇南花园地产摒弃了根植、高楼、低密度、决定性的居住模式，探讨了居住高度和密度对居住舒适性的影响。半封闭空间和所有封闭的庭院空间聚集在这里。屋顶平台的逐步向下，不仅创造了丰富的活动空间，它是一个花园或一个观察梯，还允许更多的阳光照射在充满鲜花和树木的庭院。

Longnan Garden Estate abandons the rooted, high-rise, low-density, and determinant residential estate paradigm, it discusses the impact of residential height and density on living comfort. Half enclosure and all enclosed courtyard spaces gather here. The roof platform progressively going down not only creates rich activity space, it is a garden or an observation ladder, but also allows more sunlight to shine in the courtyard full of flowers and trees.

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(三)陈浩

创造社会住房公共空间。在北面，有两层及两层社区空间，而北走廊的每一至两层都会有一个突出的公共露台，欢迎一些东西阳光，这些公共空间在小型公寓的范围内，是一项平衡而有效的社会房屋策略。

Creation of social housing public space. On the north side, there are generous pilotis space of two floors and community rooms, and every one or two floors of the North corridor will have a projecting public terrace to welcome some East-West sunlight.These public spaces in the context of small apartments, is a balanced and efficient strategy for social housing.

 © Chen Hao

(三)陈浩

"Corridors"

"Corridors"

在中国传统建筑语境中，“庭院”和“走廊”是两个不可分割的主题。长廊穿过庭院，阳光由暗变亮。它还将二楼的社区客房连接起来，为地面以外的人类活动提供了另一个层次。北端的8号建筑是一个微型的、线性的通信空间，分布在不同的层次上，它们连接着独立的商业空间和屋顶平台。

In the context of Chinese traditional architecture, “Courtyard” and “Corridor” are two inseparable themes. The linear corridor runs through courtyards, and the sunlight changes from dark to bright. It also connects those community rooms on the second floor, providing another level for human activities other than the ground. The No.8 building at the north end is a miniature, linear communication spaces scatter and overlap on different levels, They link separate commercial spaces and the roof platform.

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Si(骨架填充)住宅

SI （Skeleton Infill ） Residence

龙南花园5号建筑的最初概念来源于GOM的“住宅聊天”研究。它的目的是建立SI(骨架填充)住宅的社会住房背景。如果我们看看欧洲的房屋发展情况，在社会房屋需求最大的时期后，大量的社会房屋作为资产出售给一些组织，例如住宅、办公室、旅馆等。因此，应充分考虑后社会住房时间的作用。

The initial concept of No.5 building of Longnan Garden Estate came from “HOUSE CHATTING” Research by GOM. It is intended to create SI（Skeleton Infill） Residence in social housing background. If we take a look at the European housing development, after the period of the greatest demand for social housing, a large number of social houses, as assets, will be sold to some organizations for other uses, such as residences, offices, hotels and so on. Therefore, the function for the post social housing time should also be fully considered.

 © Chen Hao

(三)陈浩

 Building No.5 - Skip-floor Apartment Floor Plans

5号楼-滑行楼-公寓平面图

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当今中国的社会住宅多为剪力墙结构，高度2.7~2.9米。如果在20年后的社会住房时代，几乎没有重建的可能。因此，我们开发了这种大型混凝土框架(骨架)，7.6米高，嵌入钢结构(填充)，2.8米2米2.8米。里面有两套跨层迷你公寓。在社会住房标准的背景下，SI住宅对迷你公寓的空间变化提出了挑战，同时也给后社会住房时代提供了无限的功能可能性。

Social housing of today’s China is mostly shear wall structure with a height of 2.7 meters to 2.9 meters. There is nearly no possibility for reconstruction,if in twenty years , the post social housing time. Hence we have developed this large concrete frame (Skeleton), 7.6 meters high, embedded steel structure (Infill), 2.8 meters + 2 meters + 2.8 meters. It contains two skip-floor mini apartments. SI Residence challenges the space variation of mini apartments in the background of social housing standard, but also give infinite possibilities of functions for the post social housing time.

 Building No.5 - Skip-floor Apartment perspective section

5号楼-滑行层公寓透视区

陇南花园小区的建筑立面细节，如海湾窗构件、阳台、喷口、空调设备的隐藏等，都是在社会住房管理公司的建议下设计的，尽量避免管理和利用问题。同时，本文还与智能设计公司讨论了许多管理方法。

The architectural elevation details of Longnan Garden estate, such as the bay window component, balcony, downspouts, hiding of air conditioning equipment and so on, are designed under the suggestion of the social housing management company,to avoid management and utilization problem as far as possible. At the same time,many management approaches are discussed here with intelligent design company.

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住宅阳光条件的计算与模拟。在今天的中国，所有类型的住宅都应该符合本地区严格的阳光标准，社会住房可以放宽到90%，以达到阳光标准。阳光标准，无疑，包住了住宅的体积，布置在脚镣上。高层、低密度、行列式的布局形式相对简单，庭院布置往往增加了设计难度。在陇南花园小区，庭院的人性化尺度、逐步下行的屋顶平台、住宅高度、住宅平面图设计等，往往是以阳光为导向的设计成果。阳光标准在中国是有限制的，也是设计的机会。

Calculation and simulation of residence sunlight condition. In today’s China, all types of residential estate should be designed to meet the stringent sunlight standard of its region, and the social housing estate can be relaxed to 90% to meet the sunlight standard. Sunlight standard, undoubtedly, bound up residence volume, layout in fetters. The layout type of high-rise,low-density and determinant is relatively simple solution, and the courtyard layout often increases the difficulty of the design. The human scale of the courtyard, the progressively going down roof platform, the height of residence, floor plan design of residence and so on are often results oriented by sunlight design in Longnan Garden Estate. Sunlight standard in China here is restriction, and opportunity for design.

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Architects Atelier GOM

Location Lane 336, Longshui South Road, Xuhui District, China

Category Social Housing

Architect in Charge Zhang Jiajing

Design Team Xu Wenbin, Huang Wei, Xu Cong, Yi Bowen, Zhang Qicheng

Area 48112.0 m2

Project Year 2017

Photographs CreatAR Images, He Wei