低成本、低技术、可逆性建设

Low Cost, Low Technology and Reversibility Construction

该项目位于湖北启春山区，位于千义废弃的小学农场，在一个高高的岗位上变成了一家旅店(农场客栈)(见UED 2016，第4期)。旅店北侧和山丘之间有一块菜地。随着客栈活动的日益频繁，农场团队开始想象这个曾经是甘薯种植园的北部地区。

The project is located in Hubei Qichun mountain area, in the Qianyi abandoned primary school farm transformed into a hostel （Farm inn）on a high post (See UED 2016, Issue 4). There is a vegetable field between the north side of the inn and the hills. With the increasingly frequency of activities of the inn, the farm team began to imagine on this north area which is used to be a sweet potato plantation.

 The foundation, structure and roof of the building. Image Courtesy of Big Smallness Studio + Wuhan ADAP Architects

建筑物的基础、结构和屋顶。大小型工作室武汉ADAP建筑师的形象礼貌

这片风景秀丽的村庄和梯田，形成于人们挖掘小学原址、山丘与客栈之间的时期。该节目延续了原酒店的长度，为客人举办竹编、野餐、唱歌、小型聚会、长桌宴会(或会议)、休息和观光等娱乐活动。随着农场的建设，这个“工场”可以在其他地方拆除和重建，因为由于农场经费少，它被确定为一座低成本的非永久性建筑。

This piece of land which has good view of the village and terraces, was formed in the period when people excavate the site of the original construction of primary school, and in between of hill and the inn. The program extends through the length of the former hotel, hosting entertainment activities for guests such as bamboo weaving, picnicking, singing, small gathering, long table banquet (or meetings), rest and sightseeing, and so on. With the construction of the farm, this “workshop” can be demolished and re-built in other places since it was decided to be a low cost non-permanent building because of the low funding of the farm.

 Site Analysis

根据现场的需要，可以对建筑物进行改造和拆除，施工必须触土和可逆，施工现场采用脚手架“结构”，立柱和梁是钢管，可锻铸铁紧固件固定并连接到各个杆件上，从而实现对结构和空间尺度的控制。

In response to the needs of the site, the building can be reworked and demountable, the construction must touch the earth and reversible, so the construction site used scaffolding “structure", columns and beams are steel pipe, malleable iron fasteners fixed and connected to each bar. Therefore, control of structures and spatial scales can be obtained.

 Courtesy of Big Smallness Studio + Wuhan ADAP Architects

武汉大小工作室ADAP建筑师提供

为了便于拆卸和装配，采用了四柱基本结构单元，并以均匀模量的方式定期排列。这个柱子是由两根镀锌钢管组成的。基础采用预制混凝土方桩，后期可挖嵌方桩，钢桩与C型钢连接。该柱由几根钢管组成，这些钢管与梁横向连接，形成一个完整的结构。同时，增加了斜撑构件，以保证其稳定性。“Purlin”和“rafter”镀锌钢管敷设，节点采用钢制紧固件，屋顶由刨花板(护套和螺栓)、板条和日照板铺设而成。

In order to facilitate disassembly and assembly, the basic structure space units with four columns are adopted, and arranged regularly by way of uniform modulus. The column is made of two galvanized steel tubes. The foundation is made of precast concrete square pile, and the embedded square pile can be dug at the later stage; the steel pile is connected with C steel. The column is made up of several steel tubes which are transversely connected with the beam in order to form a whole structure. At the same time, the diagonal bracing member is added to ensure the stability. "Purlin" and "rafter" galvanized steel pipe laying, nodes use steel fasteners, the roof is made of particle board (sheathing and bolts), shingle and sunshine plate laying.

 execute solution

执行解决方案

该建筑方案符合地形，采用4.5mx4.5m斜柱，既能处理两端和中间入口处，又能反映山丘和建筑的夹紧感。同时，内部空间的分离和组织也更加生动。

The plan of the building complies with the terrain, adopted 4.5mx4.5m oblique column, can deal with both ends and the middle entrance, but also reflects the hills and building clamping feeling. At the same time, the separation and organization of the interior space are more vivid.

池塘和墙壁把车间分成几个功能区。西门附近是音乐酒吧区，中间是风景塘和儿童活动及读书场所，东侧是茶室和会议室，也有观赏功能。

The pond and the wall divide the workshop into several functional areas. Near the west entrance is the music bar area, the middle part is the landscape pond and the children activity and the reading place, on the east side is the tea room and the conference area, also has the viewing function.

 Courtesy of Big Smallness Studio + Wuhan ADAP Architects

武汉大小工作室ADAP建筑师提供

事实上，这就衍生出了一套施工体系：点桩基础的常规布置，平面和结构截面的统一模量，为了尽量减少钢管、可锻铸铁紧固件等构件的类型，可以自由组装成任意面积、规模和用途的建筑物。

In fact, this derives a set of construction systems: the regular arrangement of the point-like pile foundation, unified modulus of the plane and structural sections, in order to minimize the steel pipe, malleable iron fasteners and other components of the type, can be freely assembled into any area, scale and use of buildings.

 Steel pipe combination of scaffold

脚手架钢管组合

 Layout of the Pile Foundation

桩基布置

基于太阳角度和通风的考虑，采用高、低交错层的双层顶板比客栈更低，减少了对房间的封锁。由于柱栅的旋转45°，屋面被分成一系列三角形，分别采用太阳空心板和油毡，不仅使车间充满了光线，而且看起来像漂浮在由薄管柱和灯管柱支撑的错开的顶板所造成的现场。

Based on the sun angles and ventilation considerations, the application of high and low staggered layer of the double pitch roof is lower than the inn to reduce the blockade of the room. Due to the rotation 45o of column grid, the roof has been divided into series of triangles, and respectively adopted sun hollow sheet and linoleum, it not only makes the the workshop full of light, but also looks like floating on the site which result from the stagger changing roof  supported by the thin and light tube columns.

 Courtesy of Big Smallness Studio + Wuhan ADAP Architects

武汉大小工作室ADAP建筑师提供

主体结构采用低技术，施工方便，墙体隔墙采用最常见的混凝土空心砌块砖。混凝土砌块墙在水平方向旋转90度，空心部分可形成垂直格状墙供种植。墙面的砌块垂直翻转90度，使墙面形成有序的孔洞。它使阳光射入室内形成斑驳的光效应，也增加了更多的存储空间。

The main structure uses low technology that is easy to construct, as well as the wall separation adopted the most common concrete hollow block brick. The concrete block wall is rotated 90 degrees in the horizontal direction, the hollow part can form a vertical lattice wall for planting. The block of the wall of meeting room vertical flip 90 degrees, so that the wall forming orderly holes. It makes the sun shines into the chamber to form a mottled light effect, increases a lot more storage space as well.

这一低成本、低技术、可逆的建设试验旨在回到建设的基本问题，满足使用的需要，融入低影响的环境，为农村建设提供更多的可能性。

This low cost, low technology and reversible construction experiment aims at returning to the basic problems of construction, meeting the needs of the use, integrating into the environment with low impact, and providing more possibilities for rural construction.

 Courtesy of Big Smallness Studio + Wuhan ADAP Architects

武汉大小工作室ADAP建筑师提供

当地村民、农工和研究生团队建成后，农场开始组织一些活动、装饰和二次设计。空心砌块砖是用白色漆成的，盆景已经放置在原来的活动空间里，水草开始在水池里生长。它逐渐丰富了步行路线和风景景观的原始设计，使内外空间变得模糊不清，产生了一些花园或庭院的感觉。老竹工匠安装了竹灯烟囱，木工村民擦亮了一些根雕.旅馆的工作人员用绳子缠住“柱子”，把旧钢琴从山脚下搬出来。

After the local villagers, farm workers and graduate students team built, the farm began to organize some activities, decorate and secondary design. The hollow block brick is painted in white, the bonsai have been placed in the original activities space, water plants begin to grow in the pool. It gradually enriches the original design in the walk route and the scenery view, which make the inside and outside space ambiguous and some feeling of garden or courtyard. The old bamboo craftsman installed bamboo lamp-chimney, the carpentry villager polished some root carving. The Inn staff tangle the "column" with rope and move old piano from the foot of the mountain.

这种脚手架架构的最初设计理念包括可移动和其他更改。事实上，手机更加理想化，固定是真实的情况。它是在一个瞬时的状态，而不是在一个固定的形式变化。

The original design conceptions of this scaffolding architecture include removable and other changes. In fact, the mobiles are more idealized, immobilization is real situation. It is changing in an instantaneous state rather than in a fixed form.

 Mottled light effect. Image Courtesy of Big Smallness Studio + Wuhan ADAP Architects

斑驳光效应大小型工作室武汉ADAP建筑师的形象礼貌