“桃园村”这个名为“桃园”的村庄在中国是如此之多，因为中国人的家乡总是有一种文化情结，比如“森林的尽头，源头在哪里”；然后，山显示，“房子是庄严的，就像广阔的平坦的土地”，“无论是老年人和年轻人，每个人都是雪橇-满足于喜悦”。这座λ住宅的遗址位于安徽省祁门山里的一个“桃园”村。这个“桃园村”，起源于南宋以来迁居此地的陈氏家族。这个家族的祖先“在这片土地上看到了美丽的山川和水，深受人们的喜爱”。这个村庄藏在两座山之间的山谷里，充满水源和农田山丘，是一片繁衍生息的赠品地。经过几千年的发展，形成了一个典型的徽州村格局。

The envelope of the site “TaoYuan Village” - The village titled "Taoyuan" is so numerous in China, since Chinese people always have a cultural complex on their hometowns from some fantasy literature, such as "Where the forest ends, where the headwaters is; then the mountain shows", "The houses are dignified just like the extensive flat land", “No matter the aged and the young,everyone is slef-satisfied with joy”. The site of the λ house is located at a "Taoyuan" villages in the town called Shanli which in Qimen, Anhui Province. This "Taoyuan Village", originated a group family surnamed Chen that moved here since the Southern Song Dynasty. The ancestors of this family "see the beauty of the mountains and the waters, deeply loved in this land". This village hidden in the valley between two mountains, full with water sources and farmland hills, it is a gift land for living and multiply. After thousands of years, the pattern of a typical Huizhou village had been formed.

 Aerial view from southeast side. Image © Xuguo Tang

从东南面鸟瞰。徐国堂

“一村九堂”-桃园村有数百户人家，都姓陈，有九座祖庙，很少见到。这些寺庙记录了这个村庄在历史上的繁荣和富足。明清时期，徽州商人遍布全国，在强烈的乡土意识和乡愁情结的影响下，兴旺发达地回到家乡，建造祖庙和其他公共建筑是一种传统。时至今日，由于自然环境的保护，该村原有的布局格局和徽州风格的建筑外观仍未改变。其中，分散在村庄不同位置的九座寺庙，已成为至今仍完好的历史遗迹。

“Nine Ancestral Halls in One Village” - There are hundreds families in Taoyuan village that all surnamed Chen, there are as many as nine ancestral temples which are rarely seen. These temples recorded how flourish and wealthy this village used was in history. During Ming and Qing Dynasties, the merchants from Huizhou were throughout the country, under the influence of strong township consciousness and the nostalgia complex, it was a tradition to construct the ancestral temples and other public buildings when they returned home with fortune . Nowadays, due to the protection of natural environment, the original layout pattern of the village and the Huizhou style architectural appearance are still remain intact. Among them, the nine temples scattered in different location of the village have become the historic preservation buildings that still intact.

 Northeast perspective. Image © Xuguo Tang

东北视角。徐国堂

“祁门红茶”-由于气候条件和商业文化的原因，安徽祁门地区一直存在着红茶制茶的传统。茶叶出口到国外，“祁门红茶”已成为国内外知名品牌。从1915年桃园村开始的历史悠久的当地企业“茶场”，曾参加美国旧金山的巴拿马太平洋博览会，并获得当地茶业金奖。直到今天，桃园村几乎每个家庭都保留着植物、产品、味觉和销售茶的传统。

“QiMen Black Tea” - Due to the climatic conditions and business culture, there is always a tradition of making black tea in the area of Qimen, Anhui Province. The tea is exported to other places and the "Qimen black tea" has become a famous brand both in China and oversea. The historical local business “Cha Chang” that starting from the Taoyuan village in 1915, it used to participate in the Panama Pacific Expo in San Francisco, USA, and won the Gold Award for local tea farm business. Till today, the tradition of plant, product, taste and sale tea are still retains as the family business almost in every family here in Taoyuan village.

 Entrance. Image © Xuguo Tang

入口徐国堂

为了构思一种设计，λ的房子坐落在通往村庄的一条小路的旁边，靠近许武祖庙(中国古代的九座祖庙之一)。四周是农田，相对独立，房子很小，占地面积只有60平方米。原结构有两层，一楼有堆叠的农具，二楼由于低高度木桁架而处于空置状态。屋顶是一种普通的柱系结构，但由于墙体采用局部方式，即空心粘结墙，已几乎腐烂。

To conceive a design The λ house is located on the side of a path leading to the village, close to Xu Wu Ancestral Temple (one of the nine ancestral temples in ancient China). Surrounded by farmland, relatively independent, the house is very small, covering only 60 square meters. The original structure has two floors, first floor with stacked farm tools and second floor in vacant state due to the low height wooden truss. The roof is an ordinary column-and-tie construction, but has been almost decayed while the wall is made in a local way, hollow bond wall.

 Ancestral hall. Image © Xuguo Tang

宗祠。徐国堂

 West elevation. Image © Xuguo Tang

西海拔。徐国堂

在这样一个面积只有60平方米的木屋里，我们能做些什么呢？由于λ之家位于公共区域，我们对她提出了两个要求：一方面，作为基门红茶的发源地，虽然每个家庭都有红茶，但该村还没有建立一个专门的红茶体验博物馆。村民们通常直接在客厅里卖茶。由于没有品茶、鉴赏和鉴定，桃园村需要一个茶艺表演和品茶的空间。

What can we do in such a woodshed of only 60 square meters? Since the λ house is located in a public area, we envisioned two demands for her: On the one hand, as an origin of Keemun Black Tea, although there is black tea in every household, a special black tea experience museum has not been established in the village. Villagers usually sell tea directly in living room. Since there are no tea tasting, connoisseurship and appraisal, Taoyuan Village needs a space for tea ceremony show and tea tasting.

 Exploded Axonometric

爆炸轴测

另一方面，桃园村的九座祖庙仅在祭祀等重要节日中使用，村民只能在小巷前成群结队地闲聊。因此，我们希望这也是一个对村民开放的较为宽松和每日开放的公众地方。

On the other hand, nine ancestral temples in Taoyuan Village were only used during important festivals such as worships.Villagers can only chat in groups in front of the lane. Therefore, we hope that it is also a more relaxed and daily public place open to villagers.

因此，λ住宅的功能逐渐变得清晰起来：在一栋60平方米的双层农舍中建造一座日用茶馆和礼仪茶馆。

As a result, the function of λ house gradually became clearer: to build a daily and ceremonial teahouse in a two-layer, 60-square-meter farmhouse.

 Second floor west side. Image © Xuguo Tang

二楼西侧。徐国堂

老房子有着悠久的历史，她的氛围已经完全融入了这个古老的村庄，使她的出生和衰老都标志着古老的时代。如果我们用先进和现代的技术建造一座新房子，我们将无法证明这种年龄意识。预定的房子显然比全新的房子好得多。因此，我们保持了老房子的四个正面，包括粗糙的白色缝空心粘结砖墙，旧木格栅，老冷门和凸起的横梁，这是徽州民居的典型。然而，破旧的木结构和屋顶被重建。

Arts and crafts The old house has a long history, and her atmosphere has been fully integrated into this ancient village, so that her birth and aging are marked with old times. If we build a new house with advanced and modern techniques, we will be unable to demonstrate this sense of age.  A reserved house obviously is far better than a brand new one. So we kept intact the four facades of the old house, including rough hollow bond brick wall with white seam, old wood grilles, old fir door and the convex transom which is typical of Huizhou civil residence. Yet the worn wooden structure and the roof were reconstructed.

 First floor south side. Image © Xuguo Tang

一楼南边。徐国堂

幸运的是，老房子的屋顶和墙壁是独立的承重系统，因此可以在不改变固定墙的情况下更换屋顶。但是，空心粘结砖墙本身的结构稳定性较差，内部结构需要加强以保持其稳定性，为了保护旧墙在施工过程中不受影响，在拆除内部木结构之前，工人们首先使用钢网和水泥将内墙表面涂上多层，形成旧墙的内部加固层，同时发挥保护旧墙的作用。之后，屋顶和木框被小心地移除。

Fortunately, the roof of the old house and the wall are independent load-bearing system, making it possible to replace the roof without changing the fixed wall. However, the structural stability of hollow bond brick wall itself is relatively poor, and the internal structure needs to be strengthened so as to maintain its stability.In order to protect the old wall from being affected during the construction, before removing the internal wood structure, the workers first use steel mesh and cement to coat the inner wall surface with multiple layers to form the internal reinforcing layer of the old wall, and at the same time, to play the role of protecting the old wall. After that, the roof and the wooden frame were carefully removed.

 Second floor north side. Image © Yilong Zhao

北侧二楼。形像：赵一龙

取下木架后，以最常见的杉木为梁柱结构，在矩形墙中重新布置柱网。在一楼，继续使用传统的柱系结构来支撑楼板。而在二楼，采用斜形结构，使木结构屋顶成为一个智能悬臂冠状，以覆盖和保护旧墙。

After the wooden frame was removed, we re-arranged the column net in the rectangular wall, using the most common Chinese fir as the beam-column structure. On the first floor, a traditional column-and-tie construction is continued to use to support the floor plate. While on the second floor, employing Skeuomorphism, the wood structure roof is made a smart cantilevered crown-shape to cover and protect the old wall. 

最终，底层成为品茶的空间。这座老房子的幽暗内向的气氛被保留了下来。室内空间的焦点在于一张只有深颜色的核桃长桌。冷杉梁和立柱，垂直和水平正常，创造了某种仪式气氛。新的冷杉柱是故意在旧的窗户前建造的，显示出新旧之间的这种不明显的关系。

Eventually, the ground floor serves as a space for tea tasting. The dim introverted atmosphere of the old house is retained. The focal point of space indoors lies in an only deep color walnut long tea table. The fir beams and columns, vertical and horizontal normal, creates some kind of ceremonial atmosphere. The new fir column is purposely constructed in front of the old window opening, showing such an unobvious relationship between old and new.

 First floor south side. Image © Xuguo Tang

一楼南边。徐国堂

由于屋顶的上升，二楼留下了空隙。因此，禁闭感完全改变了。新屋面与旧墙之间的隔阂，使内外更多互动：宗祠、田园诗、山地景观以不同的方向流动，在二楼的公共空间中，村民可以透过一层新的露台，欣赏到全村熟悉的景色。

Due to the rise of the roof, the second floor is left a gap. Therefore,the sense of confinement is completely changed. The gap between the new roof and the old wall allows for more interaction between the inside and the outside: the ancestral halls, idyllic and mountainous landscapes flow in different directions.With the roof as shelter, in the second floor public space, villagers can enjoy the familiar view of whole village from a new deck.

 Willing to go upstairs. Image © Xuguo Tang

愿意上楼。徐国堂

这座建筑的形状就像一座盖着皇冠的老房子，伴随着宗祠的新面貌。用新技术加固老房子，用传统方式改造旧房子，通过“用新技术改造旧建筑，把新建的房子改造成老样子”的实践，我们获得了地域性和现代性的混合体。

The shape of the architecture is like an old house covered with a crown, accompanied the ancestral hall with a new look. To strengthen the old house with new technology and to vest the newly built house with old look in a traditional method.Through the practice of "renewing the old architecture with new technology，vest the newly built house with old look," we have gained a mixture of locality and modernity.

 Ancestral hall view from the second floor. Image © Yilong Zhao

二楼的宗祠景观。形像：赵一龙

皇冠屋顶效应旧墙被加冕屋顶覆盖，这被称为λ房子，这是一个独立的遗物在老村庄，给人们带来熟悉和不熟悉的老村庄的想象力。旧的东西被庇护，而新的房子诞生了。

Circumstances The crown roof effect The old wall is covered with crowned roof, which is called the λ house, an independent relic in the old village which brings people both familiar and unfamiliar imagination on the old village. Old things are sheltered, while the new house is born.

 Candlelight Dotted. Image © Xuguo Tang

烛光点缀。徐国堂

在屋顶覆盖的空间里看到天空，天空和外部景象都被屋檐遮住了，这使得古老的祖庙成为一动不动的景象，就好像它正以手卷的形式水平扩展。

To see the sky in a covered space Covered by the roof，the sky and external scene are both shaded by the eaves, which makes the old ancestral temple a motionless scene as if it is expanding horizontally in hand scroll format.

 To see the sky in a covered space. Image © Xuguo Tang

在覆盖的空间里看到天空。徐国堂

通过山形空间欣赏山景，保留墙壁和屋檐之间有一个山形空间；人们可以通过这样的无边无际的框架来欣赏特殊的山景。

Enjoy mountain view through the mountain shaped space There is a mountain shaped space between retained wall and eave; people can enjoy a special mountain view through such special brimless frame.

 Enjoy mountain view through the mountain shaped space. Image © Xuguo Tang

通过山形空间欣赏山景。徐国堂

梅仁高(一张椅子因坐在美女旁边，背靠在背后而得名)梅仁高在徽州民居中充满了诗意的建筑元素。在一个封闭的露台上，这位女士只能呆在二楼的闺房里，坐在或靠在高美仁旁边，瞥见来访者，向外张望。在λ豪宅的二楼，梅仁高也是为了表达一种好奇和想要去看外面世界的愿望而建的。

Meiren Kao (a chair wins its name for being sit by beauties and leaned along their back) Meiren Kao is full of poetic architectural elements in the Huizhou civil residence. In a closed patio, the woman can only stay in the second floor of the boudoir, sitting or leaning against Meiren Kao, catching a glimpse of the visitors and looking outside. In λ house’s second floor, Meiren Kao is also built to imply a curiosity and desire to see outside world.

 Willing to go upstairs. Image © Xuguo Tang

愿意上楼。徐国堂

愿意上楼的惠州民居，没有绝缘屋顶。二楼冬天冷，夏天热，很不舒服。尊敬的长者，他们被安排住在一楼。此外，一楼通常是宴会和其他正式场合的场所。孩子们住在二楼，当他们独立的时候，它们将被用作储藏室。在λ的房子，二楼是一个更舒适和放松的空间聊天，因为开放和通风。村民们喜欢呆在二楼聊天。λ的房子充分显示了设想的世俗性。

Willing to go upstairs In Huizhou residential houses, there are not insulating roofs. The second floor is cold in winter and hot in summer, which is very uncomfortable. Respecting the elders, they are arranged to live in the first floor. Besides, the first floor is normally a place of banquet and other formal occasions. Children live in the second floor, which will be used as storage when they are independent. In λ house, the second floor is a more comfortable and relaxing space for chatting because of openness and ventilation. Villagers prefer to stay in and chat on the second floor. The λ house sufficiently shows the envisioned secularity.

 To look up and exchange greetings. Image © Yilong Zhao

抬起头来互相问候。形像：赵一龙

在日益平坦的城市空间里，仰望和交流问候，共享的空间被教条主义化，只是作为一种物质状态而存在，而忽略了分享和交流的人的核心，这样一个村庄，由于纯粹的宗族关系，最原始的交流场景是可以恢复的：走在小路上的女人突然听到有人在呼唤她的名字，跟着声音，很高兴找到一个楼上的朋友，一个在乡村路上，另一个在楼上聊了一会儿；然后过路人继续走，另一个继续看。由于这种交流，原貌建筑形式成为建筑形态空间关系的突破口，是一种完全共享的交流。

To look up and exchange greetings In an increasingly flat urban space, shared space is dogmatized and exists only as a physical state, ignoring the core of people who share and communicate.In such a village, because of pure clan relations, the most original exchange scene can be restored: women walking through the path suddenly hear somebody’s calling her name, following the sound, being delighted to find an upstairs friend.The one on the village road and the other upstairs chat for a while; Then the passer-by continues walking and the other keeps viewing. Originally plain architectural form becomes a breakthrough in the spatial relationship of architectural forms because of this exchange, which is a completely shared exchange.

 North elevation. Image © Xuguo Tang

北海拔。徐国堂

后记在汉语中，λ暗示要涵盖；这种简单而古老的方式成为这个小房子唯一的行动形式。材料的使用和实践的方式都是本土化的，在一些未知的地方，现代技术和材料被用于承载加固，以获得一种无形的现代性。该建筑采用了“用新技术更新旧建筑，赋予新建房屋旧面貌”的方式，实现了地域性与现代性的微妙调和。当前，城市应给予农村经济援助，而农村则应对城市进行文化失范教育，这是一个热门话题。由于现代化，城市失去了大部分的物质文化遗产，这些文化遗产仍保留在未被城市化破坏的村庄中。然而，遗憾的是，尽管有了一定的物理传承，但原有的逻辑、审美和观念的一整套思考和建构却逐渐被遗忘。与现代主义的理性主义和精确性不同，传统艺术是感性的、退却的、形而上学的，这使我们能够从不同的层次、不同的时期、不同的深度来理解对传统的探索。要找到中国当代建筑的发展之路，农村作为最后一个幸存下来的传统建筑样本，应该是一个探索和研究的中心。

Postscript In Chinese, λ implied to cover; this simple and ancient way becomes the only form of action in this small house. The use of material and way of practice are both localized and modern technologies and materials are used in load-bearing reinforcement in some unknown place in order to obtain an invisible modernity. This architecture adopts such a way of " renewing the old architecture with new technology，vest the newly built house with old look" to achieve a delicate reconciliation of the sense of locality and modernity. Nowadays, there is a hot topic that cities shall give economic assistance to rural area while the rural area shall educate the cities in those lost cultures. Due to modernization, cities have lost most of the materialized cultural heritage, which is still reserved in villages that have not been shredded by urbanization. However, it is a pity that, despite of some physical heritage, the original logic, aesthetic and concept of a whole set of thinking and construction have gradually been forgotten. Different from the rationalism and precision of modernism, the traditional art is sensual, retreat, and metaphysical, which enables us to understand the exploration on traditions at different levels, different periods and different depths. To find the way of contemporary Chinese architecture, as the last surviving traditional architecture sample, the countryside should be a center of exploration and study.

 Village. Image © Xuguo Tang

村庄。徐国堂