Model. Image via OMA

模特。OMA图像

荷兰议会被称为宾尼霍夫(Binnenhof)的建筑群位于荷兰政府首都海牙的中心地带。宾尼霍夫最古老的建筑建于13世纪，后来又增加了几座建筑群，以适应各种不同的项目-从皇家宫殿到羽翼未丰的荷兰共和国的总部。建筑群的中心由里德尔扎尔(或骑士堂)主导，这是一座哥特式建筑，在19世纪得到了浪漫主义的修复。到那时，宾尼霍夫人终于成为荷兰议会的聚集地，成为六百年来不断变化的建筑风格的聚集地。

The complex that houses the Dutch Parliament, known as the Binnenhof, is situated in the heart of The Hague – The Netherland’s governmental capital. The oldest structures in the Binnenhof were built in the 13th century, with several additions made as the complex adapted to serve a variety of programs – from a royal palace to the headquarters of the fledgling Dutch Republic. The center of the complex was dominated by the Ridderzaal (or Hall of Knights), a Gothic structure that received a Romantic restoration in the 19th century. By then, the Binnenhof had finally settled into its current role as the meeting place of the Dutch Parliament, and had become an agglomeration of buildings representing six hundred years of shifting architectural styles.[1]

The complex that houses the Dutch Parliament, known as the Binnenhof, is situated in the heart of The Hague – The Netherland’s governmental capital. The oldest structures in the Binnenhof were built in the 13th century, with several additions made as the complex adapted to serve a variety of programs – from a royal palace to the headquarters of the fledgling Dutch Republic. The center of the complex was dominated by the Ridderzaal (or Hall of Knights), a Gothic structure that received a Romantic restoration in the 19th century. By then, the Binnenhof had finally settled into its current role as the meeting place of the Dutch Parliament, and had become an agglomeration of buildings representing six hundred years of shifting architectural styles.[1]

当1978年宣布对宾尼霍夫进行新的扩建的竞争时，所涉及的不仅仅是新办公空间的建立。竞赛简报要求对这座建筑群进行更深层次的重新解释，从物理上和象征上将议会的集合空间与政府办公空间分开。[2]新的议会建筑将矗立在一个大约三角形的场地上，就在由原始中世纪堡垒形成的长方形之上。[3]

When a competition for a new extension of the Binnenhof was announced in 1978, there was more at stake than the creation of new office space. The competition brief called for a deeper reinterpretation of the complex, one which would physically—and symbolically—separate the gathering spaces of the Parliament from the office spaces of the government proper.[2] The new Parliament buildings were to stand on a roughly triangular site just beyond the rectangle formed by the original medieval fortress.[3]

When a competition for a new extension of the Binnenhof was announced in 1978, there was more at stake than the creation of new office space. The competition brief called for a deeper reinterpretation of the complex, one which would physically—and symbolically—separate the gathering spaces of the Parliament from the office spaces of the government proper.[2] The new Parliament buildings were to stand on a roughly triangular site just beyond the rectangle formed by the original medieval fortress.[3]

 Het Binnenhof, Den Haag (Nederland). Image Courtesy of Flickr user Abdulsalam Haykal

HET Binnenhof，Den Haag(荷兰)。Flickr用户AbdulsalamHaykal的图像礼貌

OMA的建议包括三个主要元素，三个不同的设计师的产品：Zaha Hadid，Elias Zenghelis和Rem Koolhaas。哈迪德提出了一个长、高、窄的长方形办公大楼，与Zenghelis设计的更低、更宽的办公大楼平行。这两个正交元素与库哈斯的贡献形成对比，库哈斯的贡献是一个不规则平面的挤压。虽然这三种结构是由桥梁连接的，但它们在空间上是相互独立的。

OMA’s proposal consisted of three main elements, the products of three different designers: Zaha Hadid, Elias Zenghelis, and Rem Koolhaas. Hadid proposed a long, tall, and narrow rectangular office block, parallel to a lower, wider block designed by Zenghelis. The two orthogonal elements stood in contrast to Koolhaas’ contribution, an extrusion of an irregular plan sitting atop pilotis. Though connected by bridges, the three structures were otherwise spatially independent of one another.[4]

OMA’s proposal consisted of three main elements, the products of three different designers: Zaha Hadid, Elias Zenghelis, and Rem Koolhaas. Hadid proposed a long, tall, and narrow rectangular office block, parallel to a lower, wider block designed by Zenghelis. The two orthogonal elements stood in contrast to Koolhaas’ contribution, an extrusion of an irregular plan sitting atop pilotis. Though connected by bridges, the three structures were otherwise spatially independent of one another.[4]

在建议的添加中引入公共访问的要点是在由Zenhelis设计的水平块中。这种结构----直接面向开放广场，是政治活动的主要论坛；因此，它将为各种不同目的举办各种规模的会议室。块体的北端是一个椭圆形的塔，其卵形的房间通过螺旋坡道连接。塔的夹层将充当新闻界的空间----这些人将担任荷兰公众的代表。[5]超越了政府和议会之间的具体区分，政府和公众之间的这种分层次增加了在Binnenhof至3所代表的派系的数目。

The main point of incorporating public access in the proposed addition was in the horizontal block designed by Zenghelis. Facing directly onto an open plaza, this structure—built of glass bricks—was to be the main forum for political activity; accordingly, it would house a number of meeting rooms of various sizes for varying purposes. Toward the northern end of the block was an elliptical tower whose ovoid rooms were connected by a spiraling ramp. The tower’s mezzanine would serve as a space for the press – those who would serve as representatives for the Dutch public.[5] Going beyond the specified distinction between government and Parliament, this added layer of separation between government and the public increased the number of factions to be represented in the Binnenhof to three.

The main point of incorporating public access in the proposed addition was in the horizontal block designed by Zenghelis. Facing directly onto an open plaza, this structure—built of glass bricks—was to be the main forum for political activity; accordingly, it would house a number of meeting rooms of various sizes for varying purposes. Toward the northern end of the block was an elliptical tower whose ovoid rooms were connected by a spiraling ramp. The tower’s mezzanine would serve as a space for the press – those who would serve as representatives for the Dutch public.[5] Going beyond the specified distinction between government and Parliament, this added layer of separation between government and the public increased the number of factions to be represented in the Binnenhof to three.

 Courtesy of A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo Co., Ltd.

东京有限公司提供。

与Zenghelis的公共论坛平行的是哈迪德议会大楼的狭长高墙。虽然较低的结构是向公众开放的，但其较高的邻邦是留给政治家的。[6]大楼的上层为政党聚集和讨论其职位提供了空间，而较低的层次则是为了容纳议会程序的专业管理人员。然后，两组人可以向大楼中心移动，在那里，一辆救护车把他们引到了会议室。[7]议会议员及其工作人员的办公空间将留在建筑群现有的建筑中，在那里，拟议的拱廊将从三个庭院通向大会堂。[8]

Running parallel to Zenghelis’ public forum was the tall, narrow volume of Hadid’s Parliament block. Whereas the lower structure was to be open to the public, its loftier neighbor was reserved for the business of politicians.[6] The upper levels of the building provided space for political parties to gather and discuss their positions, while the lower levels were to accommodate the professional managers of parliamentary procedure. The two groups could then move toward the center of the building, where an ambulatory led them into the assembly room itself.[7] Office space for the members of Parliament and their staff were to remain in the existing structures in the complex, where proposed arcades would lead from three courtyards to the assembly hall.[8]

Running parallel to Zenghelis’ public forum was the tall, narrow volume of Hadid’s Parliament block. Whereas the lower structure was to be open to the public, its loftier neighbor was reserved for the business of politicians.[6] The upper levels of the building provided space for political parties to gather and discuss their positions, while the lower levels were to accommodate the professional managers of parliamentary procedure. The two groups could then move toward the center of the building, where an ambulatory led them into the assembly room itself.[7] Office space for the members of Parliament and their staff were to remain in the existing structures in the complex, where proposed arcades would lead from three courtyards to the assembly hall.[8]

无论是Zenghelis的建筑元素还是Hadid的建筑元素，会议室都没有被完全容纳。相反，它直接从公共街区的屋顶向上上升，然后弯曲到穿过议会大厦的水平推力。这种连接具有明显的象征意义：从本质上讲，会议室是作为业馀和专业、平民和政府之间的桥梁。大会的悬空也成为通往宾尼霍夫内部的一个新的门户，形成了里德尔扎尔内部的一个视图。[9]

The assembly room was not fully contained within either Zenghelis’ or Hadid’s building elements. Instead, it rose straight up from the roof of the public block, then bent to a horizontal thrust that pierced through the Parliament block. This connectivity carried clear symbolic intention: in essence, the assembly room was intended as a bridge between the amateur and the professional, the civilian and the government. The overhang of the assembly also served as a new gateway to the interior of the Binnenhof, framing a view of the Ridderzaal within.[9]

The assembly room was not fully contained within either Zenghelis’ or Hadid’s building elements. Instead, it rose straight up from the roof of the public block, then bent to a horizontal thrust that pierced through the Parliament block. This connectivity carried clear symbolic intention: in essence, the assembly room was intended as a bridge between the amateur and the professional, the civilian and the government. The overhang of the assembly also served as a new gateway to the interior of the Binnenhof, framing a view of the Ridderzaal within.[9]

 "The Podium: Accommodation for Orgies of Speech". Image Courtesy of A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo Co., Ltd.

"演讲台：演讲的住宿"。由A.D.A.EditaTokyoCo.,Ltd.提供的图像。

库哈斯几乎完全脱离了另外两个新成员，他的贡献在这两方面都有很大的提升。它的形式是不规则多边形平面的挤压。[10]虽然七层楼高，但这座塔只有五层适合居住的层，这些层位于两层楼高的山柱上。[11]它是从这座塔下，在皮罗蒂斯的小树林之间，从议会办公室通往大会堂本身的长而有桁架的斜坡。[12]

Almost entirely detached from the other two additions, Koolhaas’ contribution literally towered over both. Its form was an extrusion of an irregular polygonal plan.[10] Though seven stories tall, the tower only contained five habitable levels which sat upon a number of two-story high pilotis.[11] It was from beneath this tower, between the small forest of pilotis, that the long, trussed ramp led from the Parliamentary offices to the assembly hall itself.[12]

Almost entirely detached from the other two additions, Koolhaas’ contribution literally towered over both. Its form was an extrusion of an irregular polygonal plan.[10] Though seven stories tall, the tower only contained five habitable levels which sat upon a number of two-story high pilotis.[11] It was from beneath this tower, between the small forest of pilotis, that the long, trussed ramp led from the Parliamentary offices to the assembly hall itself.[12]

Hadid、Zenghelis和Koolhaas之间合作的最终结果不仅仅是简单地处理简要说明中提出的方案和象征性指令。20世纪末的三栋建筑，虽然在视觉上与他们的老邻居截然不同，但绝不是不恰当的地方。事实上，他们赤裸裸的现代性是为了尊重OMA所认为的“缓慢的转型过程”，这一过程导致了宾尼霍夫人对荷兰建筑时代的折中表现。[13]尽管最终它从未实现，但OMA的提议仍然是一个引人入胜的一瞥，它提出了宾尼霍夫人将如何在未来继续转型的问题。

The end result of the collaboration between Hadid, Zenghelis, and Koolhaas did more than simply address the programmatic and symbolic directives laid out in the brief. The trio of late 20th century buildings, while visually quite distinct from their older neighbors, were by no means out of place. In fact, their stark modernity was meant to respect what OMA deemed the “slow-motion process of transformation” that had led to the Binnenhof’s eclectic representation of Dutch architectural epochs.[13] Though it was ultimately never realised, OMA’s proposal remains a fascinating glimpse of what could have been, and raises the question of how the Binnenhof will continue to transform in the future.

The end result of the collaboration between Hadid, Zenghelis, and Koolhaas did more than simply address the programmatic and symbolic directives laid out in the brief. The trio of late 20th century buildings, while visually quite distinct from their older neighbors, were by no means out of place. In fact, their stark modernity was meant to respect what OMA deemed the “slow-motion process of transformation” that had led to the Binnenhof’s eclectic representation of Dutch architectural epochs.[13] Though it was ultimately never realised, OMA’s proposal remains a fascinating glimpse of what could have been, and raises the question of how the Binnenhof will continue to transform in the future.

[1]“荷兰议会延期”。OMA。2016年4月18日[2]Fabrizi，Mariabruna。“应用CADAVRE Exquis：荷兰议会扩展竞赛”，OMA(Koolhaas，Zenghelis，Zaha Hadid)-1978年。袜子。2013年11月22日。[3]Yukio，Futagawa，ed.佐治亚建筑师：扎哈·M·哈迪德。东京：A.D.A.Edita东京，1986年。第38页。[4]Fabrizi。[5]Futagawa，P39。[6]“荷兰议会延期”，[7]Futagawa，P39。[8]“荷兰议会延期”，[9]Futagawa，P39。[10]Fabrizi。11 Futagawa，第38页。[12]“荷兰议会延期”，[13]Fabrizi。

[1] "Dutch Parliament Extension." OMA. Accessed April 18, 2016. [access] [2] Fabrizi, Mariabruna. "Applying the Cadavre Exquis: The Competition for the Dutch Parliament Extension, OMA (Koolhaas, Zenghelis, Zaha Hadid) – 1978." Socks. November 22, 2013. [access] [3] Futagawa, Yukio, ed. GA Architect: Zaha M. Hadid. Tokyo: A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo, 1986. p38. [4] Fabrizi. [5] Futagawa, p39. [6] “Dutch Parliament Extension.” [7] Futagawa, p39. [8] “Dutch Parliament Extension.” [9] Futagawa, p39. [10] Fabrizi. [11] Futagawa, p38. [12] “Dutch Parliament Extension.” [13] Fabrizi.

[1] "Dutch Parliament Extension." OMA. Accessed April 18, 2016. [access] [2] Fabrizi, Mariabruna. "Applying the Cadavre Exquis: The Competition for the Dutch Parliament Extension, OMA (Koolhaas, Zenghelis, Zaha Hadid) – 1978." Socks. November 22, 2013. [access] [3] Futagawa, Yukio, ed. GA Architect: Zaha M. Hadid. Tokyo: A.D.A. EDITA Tokyo, 1986. p38. [4] Fabrizi. [5] Futagawa, p39. [6] “Dutch Parliament Extension.” [7] Futagawa, p39. [8] “Dutch Parliament Extension.” [9] Futagawa, p39. [10] Fabrizi. [11] Futagawa, p38. [12] “Dutch Parliament Extension.” [13] Fabrizi.

建筑师OMA Location Binnenhof，荷兰设计团队Rem Koolhaas，Zaha Hadid，Richard Perlemut，Ron Steiner，Elias Veneris，Elia Zenghelis客户荷兰政府项目年，1978年类别地标

Architects OMA Location Binnenhof, The Netherlands Design Team Rem Koolhaas, Zaha Hadid, Richard Perlemutter, Ron Steiner, Elias Veneris, Elia Zenghelis Client Dutch Government Project Year 1978 Category Landmarks & Monuments

Architects OMA Location Binnenhof, The Netherlands Design Team Rem Koolhaas, Zaha Hadid, Richard Perlemutter, Ron Steiner, Elias Veneris, Elia Zenghelis Client Dutch Government Project Year 1978 Category Landmarks & Monuments