Alfa Romeo 4C concept The Alfa Romeo 4C precedes a new small but powerful 200bhp range of Fiat Group sports cars expected from next year www.alfaromeo.com

如果说2011年法兰克福车展是什么值得通过的事情，那么汽车业目前正处于一种冲突状态。零排放汽车-这个行业可以在没有内疚的情况下继续增长的唯一途径-肯定在上升，然而对高性能豪华车的渴望仍在有增无减。正如在法兰克福的传统情况一样，德国品牌主导了这次展览，宝马、梅赛德斯-奔驰和奥迪展示了一系列截然不同的汽车。一方面，他们为我们提供了非常创新的未来特大城市的移动解决方案；另一方面，大量的超高马力性能汽车。这是这些领先的豪华汽车制造商的微妙平衡。例如，在宝马的舞台上，它的电动子品牌i3和i8的第一批产品就已经上市，而壁纸网站早在8月份就报道了这两款产品。这两款超乎寻常的未来派设计与新的石油动力M5性能车分享了舞台。在巨大的三层楼高的梅赛德斯-奔驰大厅，一队智能电动汽车和一辆氢动力F 125概念被展出，距离强大的新SLK 55 AMG相去甚远。奥迪还表现出了相互冲突的行为，从展会前的周末开始，一群学者、建筑师、城市规划者和IT专家齐聚一堂，讨论世界面临的挑战，届时70%的人口将生活在密集的城市环境中。在这个论坛上，汽车的作用和它的身份受到质疑，因为年轻一代似乎更关心智能手机应用，而不是汽车所有权。这是一个耐人寻味和持续的辩论，将导致第二个奥迪赞助的城市未来奖在2012年。第二天，在奥迪壮观的展馆里，这个品牌展示了各种各样的汽车组合，从整洁的A2电动研究，两个辉煌的电动奥迪城市概念研究，以及令人眼花缭乱的电动电子控制概念，再加上S7，S8和奥迪的其他高性能汽车。法兰克福车展的明星基本上可以分为四大类：实用的日常道路车、性能豪华车、设计理念和生态研究。大众汽车站的中心舞台是UP系列汽车，大众新推出的小型家庭系列汽车最终将包括三门和五门掀背车、迷你MPV和一款小车概念，所有这些都是由传统发动机和电动发动机驱动的。Ups很小很聪明全球通用汽车-因此与我们的流动性问题密切相关。与此同时，本田(Honda)推出了一款新面孔的思域(Civic)家用汽车。这家日本公司在2006年首次推出欧洲思域(EuropeanCivic)时引起了轰动。这是一个根本的背离，在设计上，一个未来派的，几乎宇宙飞船的外部和一个更高级的客舱比这个市场是习惯的。2011年的思域是一款稍显自信的汽车，它引入了日本传统的元素，特别是在一些外部细节方面。首席设计师佐伟大辅(DaisukeSawai)将其描述为“人与机器的和谐”，这是汽车设计师熟悉的一句话。Mini公司推出了最新款宝马旗下品牌-“政变”的生产版本。这不可能是容易的发展如此标志性的设计，如迷你掀背车，成为一个双座，然而设计团队领导的安德斯变暖是勇敢的，有时冒失-在这个例子中创造了一个小型跑车与一个创新的屋顶设计。新的梅赛德斯B级也是值得注意的领域。在性能汽车类别中，保时捷以新设计的911成为舞台中心。这是马可的巅峰车。这就是品牌的定义，而修改其真正经典的造型并非易事。对于新911，设计总监迈克尔·穆尔(Michael Mauer)保持了标志性的轮廓，但多亏了这里和那里的一些调整-最显著的是轴距长度-他更新了设计，使之更符合保时捷的其他车型。我们怀疑，只有真正专注的汽车爱好者才会注意到这种区别。当然还有一些著名的意大利超级跑车。法拉利没有失望与新的458蜘蛛敞篷车和兰博基尼显示了最赛车版本的加拉多。英国在这方面的亮点是新宾利大陆GTC，莲花伊莉斯和阿斯顿马丁的惊人的V12 Zagato。就像汽车展上的惯例一样，有很多设计理念。所有的目光都集中在捷豹身上，期待已久的“E型替代品”-C-X16研究。这款整整齐齐的跑车和最初的标志性E-Type之间的任何连接都是媒体发明的(尽管后排靴看起来很熟悉)。捷豹正在努力摆脱复古设计，C-X16在很大程度上成功了。玛莎拉蒂展示了其皮尼法里纳风格的豪华运动公用事业库邦，它计划在2013年开始建设，作为保时捷卡宴的直接竞争对手。意大利品牌也宣布了建造一个小酒馆。福特在法兰克福的焦点是evos，这是一项相当华丽的红色剪刀门设计研究，它代表了这款车型在当前一代汽车上使用的第二种动态语言。更重要的是，evos是福特下一代内部技术的展示，对于渴望数据的驱动程序来说，它严重依赖云连接。其中一个主要亮点，虽然，来自雪铁龙和它的图比克人载体的概念。这是一款全新的敞篷车，显然受到了当前家具和纺织品设计的启发，为移动中的大家庭提供了灵活和现代的起居室环境，具有高度的连通性。在生态创新方面，宝马i3和i8是非常有趣的电动驱动方案，已经被聪明地执行了。最终生产的汽车承诺在2013年上路时，将与这些概念性理念保持紧密联系。奥迪的两个城市概念研究也是启发设计。这对双座车-一辆带有滑动车顶的政变和一辆Spyder敞篷车-将赛车、跑车和城市汽车的元素结合在一起，形成了一辆小型电动汽车。大众的NILS是一个类似的概念研究，一个单一座位的三轮汽车城市通勤。就连沃克斯豪尔也加入了通勤车的行动，胸部设计精良的RAK双座轿车。同样令人耳目一新的是，私人拥有的小型汽车公司Eterniti的出现也令人耳目一新，该公司致力于制造利基豪华汽车。这家英国公司在法兰克福展示了它的第一辆车，一款保时捷卡宴衍生的“豪华SUV”，名为“Hemera”。计划明年生产。个人展览建筑也提供了大量的各种品牌。奥迪的顶部是一个巨大的，数百万欧元的展馆，它是从零开始建造的，而不是使用展厅内的空间。这座未来派建筑内有一条功能齐全的赛马场，允许游客体验奥迪在性能、可持续性和与现场实际测试驱动器的连通性方面的专门知识。相比之下，本田有一个有趣的展馆，带有严肃的信息。通过操纵柔性聚乙烯管，比利时设计师塞巴斯蒂安·维林克(SebastianWierinck)创造了一系列五颜六色的管道，连接到一个单一的焦点-“梦幻屋”(The DrewHouse)，本田的生态和技术愿景集中在然而，最终，它感觉就像两个截然不同的、相互冲突的现实-我们

Aston Martin V12 Zagato The hand-built Aston Martin Zagato is based on the V12 Vantage. The 6.0-litre engine produces 510bhp while the body is made of lightweight aluminium and carbon fibre www.astonmartin.com

Audi A2 electric concept Audi was truly ahead of its time in 1999 when it introduced the original A2 - a lightweight aluminium small city car. Sadly the car buying market hadn't quite caught on to ecological driving at the time and the car ceased production in 2005. Thankfully the German marque has decided to reinvent the A2 in the form of an electric concept car. At 3.8 m long and 1.69 m wide it is very compact, yet it can still seat four, thanks to the clever packaging of batteries under the floor and the front-drive electric motor Production: 2014 www.audi.com

Audi pavilion Audi designed and built its very own building for this year's Frankfurt show. Created by pavilion design specialists Schmidhuber + Partner, and rumoured to have cost well over €10m, the 50,000 sq ft building features a working test track that wraps around the upper portion of the pavilion and can be glimpsed from the outside through red glass reminiscent of Audi's light design. 'Our idea was to have a building that wasn't just designed to display the cars, but to drive the cars,' says Bernhard Neumann, head of events marketing Audi. 'As a visitor you have the chance to drive with our experts, so guests become part of the installation.' www.audi.com

Audi Urban Concepts Coupé and Spyder Audi's design studio have developed two Urban Concept studies and the reaction they get to them, following Frankfurt, will determine their future. The plug-in electric, two-seater concepts come in two forms - a coupé and open-top Spyder. They feature carbon fibre monocoque; the interior uses aluminium and carbonfibre trim, features a square steering wheel and adjustable foot pedals. Pictured here is the Audi Urban Concepts Coupé www.audi.com

Audi Urban Concept Spyder

Bentley Continental GTC This is the second-generation Bentley Continental GTC - the convertible version of the very successful Continental luxury car. Much like its Coupé sibling, the soft top inherits the newly designed LED headlamps and the upright grille. The GTC features a multi-layered fabric roof with special acoustic glass to reduce cabin noise Price: around £150,000 Delivery: late 2011 www.bentleymotors.com

BMW i3 electric concept The i3 and i8 are the first of a series of sustainable mobility solutions to be produced by BMW under its sub-brand 'i'. Previously termed the Megacity Vehicle, this is an all-electric compact city car with a strong aesthetic that expresses e-mobility yet retains a visual link with BMW. Beneath the skin lies the 'LifeDrive' architecture that is at the core of all 'i' cars. In simple terms it means all the elements connected with running the car - the suspension, lithium-ion batteries and drive systems - sit low in the aluminium Drive part while the passenger Life cell, constructed from lightweight and high-strength carbon fibre-reinforced plastic, is mounted on top. The i3 is a mere 3845mm long, 1537mm tall and 2011mm wide yet feels spacious inside. 'It has a small surface, but the modular architecture means the engine and so on fit underneath, creating a relatively large passenger cell,' explains design director Adrian van Hooydonk. The i3 has a 170bhp electric motor powering the rear wheels and a range of between 80 and 100 miles on a full battery, which takes six hours to charge Delivery: 2013 www.bmw.com

BMW i8 electric concept Alongside the i3, the i8 is the first of a series of sustainable mobility solutions to be produced by BMW under its sub-brand 'i'. Based on the 2009 Vision EfficientDynamics design study, the i8 is BMW's proposal for an electric super sports car. The design was 'aero focus', notes design director Adrian van Hooydonk, meaning the aesthetic echoes its extreme aerodynamic efficiency. The silhouette is elongated and the look is BMW's take on the sports car for the future. 'We've taken care that it doesn't look as aggressive as a normal super sports car,' says the designer. There are modern elements - like the 'streamflow' C-pillar, which air flows through to improve aerodynamics. It also features large 19-inch, slim wheels with AirCurtains to help airflow around the wheel arches. The i8 has 2+2 seating and uses a three-cylinder 220 bhp engine linked to a version of the i3's electric drive. It is due for production in 2014 alongside the i3 at the Zaha Hadid-designed BMW factory in Leipzig Production: 2014 www.bmw.com

Bugatti Veyron L'Or Blanc The modified Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport L'Or Blanc features swirled paint and porcelain trim www.bugatti.com

Citroën DS5 First shown at the Shanghai Motor Show earlier this year, this is the final production version of the car. The five-door hatchback is the third model in Citroën's premium DS line, following on from the DS3 and the recently launched DS4 Price: around £25,000 Delivery: Spring 2012 www.citroen.com

Citroën Tubik The Citroën Tubik concept is a charming proposition for a family people carrier, a sort of premium shuttle that is stylish, luxurious and focused on connectivity. The monobox form houses a flexible interior that is intended to be an extension of the modern home, replete with all modern gadgets. 'Cars are downsizing for a reason but you also need vehicles that provide this kind of space,' says head of concept cars Carlo Bonzanigo. The hybrid technology has allowed the design team to create such a large space with similar emission levels to a normal saloon. 'The micro idea behind it is to reinvent the long distance trip,' says the designer. 'The metallic cocoon is such that the pilot and the passengers have two different universes. The passengers have a lot of technology and entertainment and the driver also has technology at his disposal condensed into a sort of Playstation package.' www.citroen.com

Eterniti Hemera The Hemera is the first car to be introduced by the new British car company Eterniti. With ex-F1 pilot Johnny Herbert and ex-Jaguar engineer Alastair Macqueen in charge of development, this luxury sports-utility concept is powered by a 4.8-litre twin-turbocharged V8 engine that produces 620 hp. The car boasts heated and cooled reclining rear seats, a pair of iPads with wireless keyboards and a drinks cooler Price: around £150,000 Delivery: 2012 in limited numbers www.eternitimotors.com

Ferrari 458 Italia Spider This is the first time Ferrari has fitted a folding metallic roof to a mid-engined two-seater. On the 458 Italia Spider it is made of aluminium to keep the weight down - meaning that it is 25kg lighter than a soft-top and opens in just 14 seconds Price: around £260,000 Delivery: 2012 www.ferrari.com

Fisker Surf The Surf is the second car to be introduced by independent California-based electric carmaker Fisker Automotive. The shooting break concept is an electric vehicle with extended range, much like its sibling the Karma but with an enlarged boot space. Designer Henrik Fisker says he was inspired by the 1970s Lamborghini Espada www.fiskerautomotive.com

Ford Evos concept Ford's Evos concept is a design study likely to influence the look of the company's products in the near future. 'What we're conveying with this car is our developing Kinetic design language, that has helped shape our cars, is entering its second generation,' says head of design Martin Smith. 'This means the surfaces are tighter and simpler in execution and the front is the new face of Ford for a more premium look. The laser cut slim lamps show the future technology that will be featured in our cars.' Inside it has a slim instrument panel and is driver focused, incorporating future technologies, mainly Ford's 'cloud connectivity'. Evos also features striking doors, 'to show that we are exploring different door structures,' according to Smith www.ford.com

Honda Civic Now in its ninth generation, the Civic is a pivotal car in Europe for the Japanese marque. Back in 2006 Honda gave the Civic a European aesthetic that has been the reason for its ongoing success here, so for the new model the designers have maintained the strong wedge shape, lowering the height by 20mm and increasing the width by 10mm. Daisuke Sawai, creative chief designer at Honda in Japan says: 'Honda is growing with the Civic so it is very delicate thing to approach the redesign.' Sawai and his team have maintained the basic values of the Civic - which he says are dynamism and functionality - but adapted them to today's needs. 'The previous model had a very futuristic design like a spaceship as it was meant to shock the customer,' he explains. 'But now times have changed and environmental values are more important. People are becoming more rational. We adapted this into the design to remain dynamic but suggesting how clean this car is through the design.' Sawai has also re-introduced Japanese elements which he describes as 'the harmony between man and machine.' Price: around £15,000 Delivery: 2012 www.honda.com

Honda pavilion The Honda pavilion design is the work of London-based Wieden + Kennedy in collaboration with Belgian designer Sebastien Wierinck. The playful design follows the theme of 'many roads to zero emissions'. Wierinck has used flexible, polyethylene tubes manipulated to create various environments and seating areas all of which are connected to 'the dream house' - a hub that houses Honda's future vision in terms of technology and sustainability. The stand is divided into sections - hydrogen, electric, hybrid, petrol and diesel - and each technology has been colour coded. 'We wanted to talk about Honda's technology in a simple way and used the tubes to help tell the story,' explains W+K creatives Tom Seymour and David Bruno. 'Each colour had a good reason, for example there are blue tubes in the hydrogen area because the only thing that the FCX Clarity (a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle) emits is water. And the multi-coloured dream house combines all the colours as it represents all the technologies coming together to create Honda's vision of zero emissions.' www.honda.com

Jaguar C-X16 concept Jaguar's latest C-X16 concept car is a two-seater study for a compact sports car. The model shown at Frankfurt has a hybrid engine based on a 3.0-litre V6 engine. 'The world has been waiting for us to do a two-seater small sports car - it really is in our blood and our heritage,' enthuses Julian Thompson, head of advanced design. 'It cements the sporting character of the Jaguar brand and takes us to where we need to be. And it was a chance to do something a little more edgy and sporty for our younger customers. It is very much the car we've been dying to do.' Price: Around £50,000 Production: 2012 www.jaguar.com

Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Super Trofeo Stradale This latest Lamborghini features a manually adjustable carbon fibre rear wing, which promises downforce up to three times that of the normal Gallardo. It weighs 70kg less than the LP 560-4, and speeds to 200 km/h in just 10.4 seconds www.lamborghini.com

Land Rover DC100 With the DC100, Land Rover is attempting to reinvent the Defender for 2015. This isn't an easy task, as the design needs to meet the demands of a diverse customer base - military, farmers and foresters to name a few, as well as dedicated urban off-roaders www.landrover.com

Maserati Kubang First appearing in concept form at the 2003 Detroit Motor Show, the Maserati Kubang sports-utility concept at Frankfurt is closer to the production version www.maserati.com

Mercedes-Benz F125 hydrogen concept The F125 is the latest study in the firm's F research vehicle group. It's a hydrogen-powered coupé concept car with gullwing doors that suggests a path the marque could head down with its executive car styling. The mono-volume structure allows for an airy cabin and grand entrance. 'A new vision of what the next, next, next S Class could look like - but right now it is only a vision of the technology,' says Hubert Lee, creative director at Mercedes-Benz advanced design North America, who led the exterior styling team www.mercedes-benz.com

Mini Cooper Coupé S The Mini Coupé is the latest in the Mini family, which now includes variations on the hatch and convertible, the Clubman and Countryman. This two-seater will be offered with a choice of four engine variants with outputs ranging from the 122 hp to 184 hp on the S model. 'The Mini brand starts from the core of the hatch and we are able to expand left and right of this,' says head of design Anders Warming. 'This is an even smaller Mini than what you see on the roads today. This is very important to us - to show that the brand isn't just one car but a family with a variety of car design statements.' The car has an extended stowage and loading capacity behind the driver and passenger seats and the wide and high opening tailgate makes loading easier. It also features a cute pop-up rear spoiler. The floating roofline is at the heart of the Coupé's design. 'The roof graphic almost emulates a baseball cap turned the other way to have an attitude, personality and status,' says the designer. The roof can be ordered in various shades, as can the exterior and interior trim. 'It is an event ordering a Mini,' the designer says. 'You can apply an entire "yours" programme to this car. Luxury should come in all sizes.' Price: Circa £16,000 Delivery: October 2011 www.mini.com

Porsche 911 Redesigning arguably the world's most iconic sports car can't have been easy. The new 911 retains the core design DNA - the classic proportion and silhouette that includes a low rear end and long rear overhang which cannot be altered. 'As is the case with every 911, we were seeking the right balance between the familiar and the new,' says Matthias Kulla who led the design team. 'We had to make sure not to overdo it, to stay simple and straightforward - to stay Porsche.' The car has been lowered with a longer wheelbase with a wider track at the front. The beltline has been slightly raised which, in conjunction with the lowered roof, results in a much slicker side window. 'It's the rear of a Carrera that is the most special design aspect, and on the new car form and graphics work in perfect harmony,' says Kulla Price: around £71,449 Delivery: December 2011 www.porsche.com

Renault Frenzy Frenzy is the fourth concept to come from Renault under the design leadership of Laurens van der Acker that started with the sexy DeZir, continued with Captur and R-Space. This full-electric concept is described as a commercial business vehicle that can double up as a comfortable car. Together these cars are meant to show the marque's future design direction www.renault.com

Smart Forvision Smart was way ahead of its time when Swatch's Nicolas Hayek came up with an idea to build tiny two-seater cars that derived more from product than automotive design. With electrification, Smart seems to have found a new lease of life. For the Forvision, the Mercedes-Benz-owned marque has teamed up with chemical company BASF to develop an electric city car which hints at the aesthetic of the next generation of city cars www.smart.com

Volkswagen Nils concept Following on from the XL1 design study shown last year, Nils is a tiny one-seater concept car with gullwing doors, a vision of a future mode of urban transportation. 'We wanted to create a new transport solution for the urban mobility but to transport the Volkswagen design DNA,' says Klaus Birschoff, director design research and development. 'The design is clean and all shut lines have a function. The rear is reserved for batteries and electric engine.' To reduce the shape and incorporate only one driver was a demanding task. The lower windows are a fun element allowing the driver to see the turning wheels. The wheel design is a balance of aerodynamics and cooling of the brakes. Inside the car has a small dashboard housing all the necessary functions. 'This is an initiative from our research department,' says Birschoff. 'We want to offer something like this, and the Nils is our first glance at it. If we get a good reaction then we will decide what to do next.' www.volkswagen.com

Volkswagen Up Following on from the original concept shown in 2007, the Up family are small, affordable and global cars that will include all kinds of variants and engine options including an electric e-Up that will come to market in 2013. The Up cars are simple and smart - much like the iPhone design - and intended to be easily understood. 'A simple design like this you can only achieve if you have a simple package and did your homework with the engineers,' says Klaus Birschoff, director VW design research and development. 'If you have the perfect proportions you don't need the added content.' The designer continues: 'The Up is about purity, simplicity and affordability. Simplicity means the face has to be absolutely unique and sympathetic.' At Frankfurt VW displayed the entire Up range, including three and five door variants, the e-Up and a Up Buggy concept as well as a super luxurious model designed by head of VW AG design Walter de'Silva and inspired by the classic yacht tender www.volkswagen.com

Volvo Concept You Concept You is a follow-up to Concept Universe shown earlier this year at the Shanghai Motor Show. It gives another insight into Volvo's thinking as a Geely-owned company. It features interesting details such as the rubber rear lights that designer Peter Horbury says 'allow us to create a aerodynamic advantage at the rear'. The interior design and in particular the use of wood has a very Scandinavian aesthetic feel www.volvocars.com

Yo Concept Owned by billionaire Mikhail Prokhorov Russian carmaker Yo-Auto is a joint venture between truck maker Yarovit and Onexim investment group. The Yo Concept car shown at Frankfurt is a range-extender prototype using a petrol engine to charge the batteries to drive the electric motors www.yarovit.com